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‎docs/download/76.md

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@@ -14,15 +14,29 @@ License & terms of use: http://www.unicode.org/copyright.html
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# ICU 76
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ICU is the [premier library for software internationalization](https://icu.unicode.org/#h.i33fakvpjb7o), used by a [wide array of companies and organizations](https://icu.unicode.org/#h.f9qwubthqabj).
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ICU is the [premier library for software internationalization](https://icu.unicode.org/#h.i33fakvpjb7o),
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used by a [wide array of companies and organizations](https://icu.unicode.org/#h.f9qwubthqabj).
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## Release Overview
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ICU 76 updates to [Unicode 16](https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode16.0.0/) (TODO: link to blog),
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ICU 76 updates to
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[Unicode 16](https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode16.0.0/)
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([blog](https://blog.unicode.org/2024/09/announcing-unicode-standard-version-160.html)),
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including new characters and scripts, emoji, collation & IDNA changes, and corresponding APIs and implementations.
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It also updates to [CLDR 46](https://github.com/unicode-org/cldr/blob/main/docs/site/downloads/cldr-46.md) (TODO: link to blog) locale data with new locales and various additions and corrections.
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It also updates to
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[CLDR 46](https://cldr.unicode.org/downloads/cldr-46)
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([beta blog](https://blog.unicode.org/2024/09/unicode-cldr-46-beta-available-for.html))
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locale data with new locales, signficant updates to existing locales,
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and various additions and corrections.
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For example, the CLDR and Unicode default sort orders are now very nearly the same.
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Most of the java.time (Temporal) types can now be formatted directly
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using the existing ICU4J date/time formatting classes.
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There are some new APIs to make ICU easier to use with modern C++ and Java patterns.
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Most of the C/C++ APIs added for this purpose are implemented as C++ header-only APIs,
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and usable on top of binary stable C APIs, which is a first for ICU.
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The Java and C++ technology preview implementations of the (also in [tech preview](https://github.com/unicode-org/message-format-wg?tab=readme-ov-file#messageformat-2-technical-preview)) CLDR MessageFormat 2.0 specification have been updated to match recent changes.
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@@ -34,7 +48,7 @@ Please use the [icu-support mailing list](https://icu.unicode.org/contacts) and/
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The initial release has library version number 76.1.
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* Release date: 2024-10-TODO
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* Release date: _planned for_ 2024-10-24
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* [List of tickets fixed in ICU 76](https://unicode-org.atlassian.net/issues/?jql=project%20%3D%20ICU%20AND%20status%20%3D%20Done%20AND%20resolution%20in%20%28Fixed%2C%20%22Fixed%20by%20Other%20Ticket%22%29%20AND%20fixVersion%20%3D%2076.1%20ORDER%20BY%20component%20ASC%2C%20created%20DESC)
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If there are maintenance releases, they will be 76.2, 76.3, etc. (During ICU 76 development, the library version number was 76.0.x.)
@@ -43,51 +57,168 @@ Note: There may be additional commits on the [maint/maint-76](https://github.com
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## Common Changes
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* [Unicode 16](https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode16.0.0/) (TODO: link to blog):
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* TODO
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* [CLDR 46](https://github.com/unicode-org/cldr/blob/main/docs/site/downloads/cldr-46.md) (TODO: link to blog):
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* TODO: new stuff
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* TODO: below is from 45
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* MessageFormat 2.0 tech preview being included into LDML.
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* Structural “under the hood” work and limited data bug fixes, but no new data collection.
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* Some time zones deprecated following IANA TZ database changes.
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* TODO: new stuff
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* TODO: below is from 75
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* New Unicode properties APIs for Identifier_Status and Identifier_Type, defined by UTS \#39 Unicode Security Mechanisms, [General Security Profile for Identifiers](https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr39/#General_Security_Profile). ([ICU-11396](https://unicode-org.atlassian.net/browse/ICU-11396))
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* Time zone data (tzdata) version 2024a (2024-jan). Note that pre-1970 data for a number of time zones has been removed, as has been the case in the upstream [tzdata](https://www.iana.org/time-zones) release since 2021b.
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* [Unicode 16](https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode16.0.0/)
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([blog](https://blog.unicode.org/2024/09/announcing-unicode-standard-version-160.html)):
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* Adds five modern-use scripts: Garay, Gurung Khema, Kirat Rai, Ol Onal, Sunuwar
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* Adds two historic scripts & almost 4000 additional Egyptian Hieroglyphs
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* Seven new emoji characters
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* Over 700 symbols from legacy computing environments
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* ICU line breaking improvements have been upstreamed into
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[UAX #14](https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr14/tr14-53.html#Modifications)
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* ICU 76 adds support for the new UCD property Modifier_Combining_Mark for
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[UAX #53](https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr53/) Arabic Mark Rendering
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* ICU 76 also adds support for the UCD property Indic_Conjunct_Break
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which was new in Unicode 15.1. ([ICU-22503](https://unicode-org.atlassian.net/browse/ICU-22503))
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* [IDNA](https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr46/tr46-33.html#Modifications):
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The handling of UseSTD3ASCIIRules was simplified.
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Some existing characters changed from disallowed (when that was only for compatibility with
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long-obsolete IDNA2003) to valid.
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* [CLDR 46](https://github.com/unicode-org/cldr/blob/main/docs/site/downloads/cldr-46.md)
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([beta blog](https://blog.unicode.org/2024/09/unicode-cldr-46-beta-available-for.html)):
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* Significant data updates across all locales
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* Locales which are now at modern coverage level: Nigerian Pidgin, Tigrinya
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* Locales which are now at moderate coverage level:
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Akan, Baluchi (Latin), Kangri, Tajik, Tatar, Wolof
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* New measurement units "night" and "light-speed"
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* Note: ICU 76 does not yet support `portion-per-1e9` (aka per-billion). (See [ICU-22781](https://unicode-org.atlassian.net/browse/ICU-22781))
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* [MessageFormat 2.0 tech preview updates](https://cldr.unicode.org/downloads/cldr-46#message-format-specification)
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* Language matching: Dropped the fallback mapping
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desired="uk" → supported="ru"
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(so that Ukrainian (uk) doesn’t fall back to Russian (ru))
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* [Collation](https://cldr.unicode.org/downloads/cldr-46#collation-data-changes):
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Significant changes to the CLDR root collation (CLDR default sort order)
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* Realigned With DUCET:
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The order of groups of characters which sort below letters is now the same.
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In both sort orders, non-decimal-digit numeric characters now sort after decimal digits,
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and the CLDR root collation no longer tailors any currency symbols
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(making some of them sort like letter sequences, as in the DUCET).
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_These changes eliminate sort order differences among almost all
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regular characters between the CLDR root collation and the DUCET._
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* Improved Han Radical-Stroke Order:
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The CLDR radical-stroke order now matches that of the Unicode Radical-Stroke Index;
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traditional vs. simplified forms of radicals are now distinguished on a lower level than the number of residual strokes.
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In alphabetic indexes for radical-stroke sort orders,
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only the traditional forms of radicals are now available as index characters.
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* Time zone data (tzdata) version 2024b (2024-sep). Note that pre-1970 data for a number of time zones has been removed, as has been the case in the upstream [tzdata](https://www.iana.org/time-zones) release since 2021b.
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* The Asia/Almaty time zone has become an alias following IANA TZ database changes.
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* CLDR added support for deprecated timezone codes by remapping:
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CST6CDT → America/Chicago, EST → America/Panama, EST5EDT → America/New_York,
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MST7MDT → America/Denver, PST8PDT → America/Los_Angeles
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(These IANA TZ changes were motivated by CLDR, see
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[CLDR-17111](https://unicode-org.atlassian.net/browse/CLDR-17111))
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## ICU4C Specific Changes
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* [API changes since ICU4C 75 (Markdown)](https://github.com/unicode-org/icu/blob/maint/maint-76/icu4c/APIChangeReport.md) / [(HTML)](https://htmlpreview.github.io/?https://github.com/unicode-org/icu/blob/maint/maint-76/icu4c/APIChangeReport.html)
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* TODO: new stuff
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* TODO: below is from 75
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* MessageFormat 2.0 tech preview new API ([ICU-22261](https://unicode-org.atlassian.net/browse/ICU-22261))
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* C: Require C11 (up from C99)
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* C++: Require C++17 (up from C++11)
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* Many changes for more robust string and buffer handling.
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* [API changes since ICU4C 75 (Markdown)](https://github.com/unicode-org/icu/blob/maint/maint-76/icu4c/APIChangeReport.md) / [(HTML)](https://htmlpreview.github.io/?https://github.com/unicode-org/icu/blob/maint/maint-76/icu4c/APIChangeReport.html)
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* A UnicodeString can now be converted to & from UTF-16 standard string_view types
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(std::u16string_view, and on Windows to/from std::wstring_view)
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and other UTF-16 types (string literals, standard string classes).
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Several other member functions have been widened to accept standard UTF-16 types as well.
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([ICU-22843](https://unicode-org.atlassian.net/browse/ICU-22843))
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* New APIs for colloquial iteration over the elements of a C++ UnicodeSet or a C USet. ([ICU-22876](https://unicode-org.atlassian.net/browse/ICU-22876))
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* For details and an example see the “C++ Header-Only APIs” section of the [Migration Issues](#migration-issues) below.
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* New APIs for colloquial use of C++ Collator / C UCollator with
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standard C++ algorithms (e.g, sort) & data structures (e.g., map).
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([ICU-22879](https://unicode-org.atlassian.net/browse/ICU-22879))
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(The UCollator wrappers are also C++ header-only APIs.)
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* Note: Some APIs were changed to accept a wider range of input types than before,
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but in the API change report they look like the old, stable signatures are removed,
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and like the wider signatures are added as “born stable”.
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For example, several UnicodeString constructors that take a raw pointer
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have been replaced with a signature that accepts such raw pointers but also additional input types.
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* Note: Similarly, the API change report appears to show removal+addition of
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certain UnicodeString::remove() and UnicodeString::removeBetween() overloads,
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but only the _expression_ of one of their default parameter values has changed.
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* Many changes for more robust string and memory handling.
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## ICU4J Specific Changes
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* [API Changes since ICU4J 75](https://htmlpreview.github.io/?https://github.com/unicode-org/icu/blob/maint/maint-76/icu4j/APIChangeReport.html)
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* TODO: new stuff
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* TODO: below is from 75
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* MessageFormat 2.0 tech preview update ([ICU-22690](https://unicode-org.atlassian.net/browse/ICU-22690))
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* Performance (multi-threading / lock contention) improvement for BreakIterator.clone() and ULocale.getDefault(). ([ICU-22582](https://unicode-org.atlassian.net/browse/ICU-22582))
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* [API Changes since ICU4J 75](https://htmlpreview.github.io/?https://github.com/unicode-org/icu/blob/maint/maint-76/icu4j/APIChangeReport.html)
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* Most of the java.time (Temporal) types can now be formatted directly
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using the existing ICU4J date/time formatting classes. ([ICU-22853](https://unicode-org.atlassian.net/browse/ICU-22853))
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* New APIs for colloquial iteration over the elements of a UnicodeSet.
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In addition to the existing ranges(), strings(), and UnicodeSet-is-an-Iterable,
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there is a new codePoints() (returns an Iterable),
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and new methods that return Streams (e.g., codePointStream() & rangeStream()).
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([ICU-22845](https://unicode-org.atlassian.net/browse/ICU-22845))
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## Known Issues
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* TODO: new stuff
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* [ICU-22729](https://unicode-org.atlassian.net/browse/ICU-22729) udatpg_getBestPattern requires exact skeleton match in ICU 76
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* Due to a combination of an ICU bug fix and issues with CLDR availableFormats data, some skeletons in some languages yield inconsistent data/time formatting patterns.
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* None yet
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## Migration Issues
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* See [CLDR 46 migration issues](https://github.com/unicode-org/cldr/blob/main/docs/site/downloads/cldr-46.md#migration)
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* TODO: new stuff
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* TODO: below is from 75
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* ICU4C behavior for ill-formed locale IDs/language tags: uloc_getName(), uloc_getLanguage() and similar functions (and functions that rely on them) may fail with a U_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT_ERROR when they used to fail only with a U_BUFFER_OVERFLOW_ERROR. (due to changes for [ICU-22520](https://unicode-org.atlassian.net/browse/ICU-22520))
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* On Linux, the configure script now defaults to "cc" rather than preferring "clang". If you want to choose clang, then configure for "Linux/clang". ([ICU-22556](https://unicode-org.atlassian.net/browse/ICU-22556))
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### IDNA Default Option Changed to Nontransitional Processing
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After all major browsers have switched to nontransitional processing,
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Unicode 15.1 (a year ago) changed the [UTS #46 spec](https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr46/#Processing)
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to declare transitional processing deprecated.
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ICU 76 changes the "DEFAULT" API constants from 0 to UIDNA_NONTRANSITIONAL_TO_ASCII | UIDNA_NONTRANSITIONAL_TO_UNICODE.
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ICU 76 does not change the behavior of using options value 0.
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(That would change the behavior of existing binaries linking with new ICU libraries.)
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However, when code is recompiled against a new version of ICU,
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and when it uses the DEFAULT constant, then it will pass these option flags into the factory method.
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* In C/C++: unicode/uidna.h [UIDNA_DEFAULT](https://unicode-org.github.io/icu-docs/apidoc/dev/icu4c/uidna_8h.html#a726ca809ffd3d67ab4b8476646f26635aa1eb63014cdaf41c7ea6cf3abecf1169)
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* In Java: IDNA.java [DEFAULT](https://unicode-org.github.io/icu-docs/apidoc/dev/icu4j/com/ibm/icu/text/IDNA.html#DEFAULT)
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See [ICU-22294](https://unicode-org.atlassian.net/browse/ICU-22294)
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### SimpleNumber::truncateStart() Removed
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ICU 75 renamed the still-draft SimpleNumber::truncateStart() to setMaximumIntegerDigits().
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ICU 76 removes the never-stable, original function.
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Same for the C API usnum_truncateStart().
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([ICU-22900](https://unicode-org.atlassian.net/browse/ICU-22900))
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### C++ Header-Only APIs
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ICU 76 is the first version where we add what we call C++ header-only APIs.
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These are especially intended for users who rely on only binary stable DLL/library exports of C APIs
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(C++ APIs cannot be binary stable).
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_Please test these new APIs and let us know if you find problems —
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especially if you find a platform/compiler/options combination
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where the call site does end up calling into ICU DLL/library exports._
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Remember that regular C++ APIs can be hidden by callers defining `U_SHOW_CPLUSPLUS_API=0`.
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The new header-only APIs can be separately enabled via `U_SHOW_CPLUSPLUS_HEADER_API=1`.
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([GitHub query for `U_SHOW_CPLUSPLUS_HEADER_API` in public header files](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Aunicode-org%2Ficu+U_SHOW_CPLUSPLUS_HEADER_API+path%3Aunicode%2F*.h&type=code))
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These are C++ definitions that are not exported by the ICU DLLs/libraries,
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are thus inlined into the calling code,
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and which may call ICU C APIs but not into ICU non-header-only C++ APIs.
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The header-only APIs are defined in a nested `header` namespace.
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If entry point renaming is turned off (the main namespace is `icu` rather than `icu_76` etc.),
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then the new `U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE` is `icu::header`.
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([Link to the API proposal which introduced this concept](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1xERVccTYsptzjfbjcj6HDtoKVF_mEKmslPsOiQzzaFg/view#heading=h.cf4bmhjgozry))
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For example, for iterating over the code point ranges in a `USet` (excluding the strings):
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```c++
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U_NAMESPACE_USE
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using U_HEADER_NESTED_NAMESPACE::USetRanges;
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LocalUSetPointer uset(uset_openPattern(u"[abcçカ🚴]", -1, &errorCode));
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for (auto [start, end] : USetRanges(uset.getAlias())) {
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printf("uset.range U+%04lx..U+%04lx\n", (long)start, (long)end);
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}
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for (auto range : USetRanges(uset.getAlias())) {
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for (UChar32 c : range) {
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printf("uset.range.c U+%04lx\n", (long)c);
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}
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}
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```
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(Implementation note: On most platforms, when compiling ICU itself,
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the `U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE` is `icu::internal`,
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so that any such symbols that get exported differ from the ones that calling code sees.
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On Windows, where DLL exports are explicit,
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the namespace is always the same, but these header-only APIs are not marked for export.)
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### Migration Issues Related to CLDR
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* See [CLDR 46 migration issues](https://cldr.unicode.org/downloads/cldr-46#migration)
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## ICU4C Platform Support
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We accept patches for other platforms.
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For ICU 76, we have received a contribution to make ICU4C work again on z/OS,
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using a newer (clang-based) compiler. ([ICU-22714](https://unicode-org.atlassian.net/browse/ICU-22714) [icu/pull/3008](https://github.com/unicode-org/icu/pull/3008) + [ICU-22916](https://unicode-org.atlassian.net/browse/ICU-22916) [icu/pull/3208](https://github.com/unicode-org/icu/pull/3208))
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Windows: The minimum supported version is Windows 7. (See [How To Build And Install On Windows](../userguide/icu4c/build.html#how-to-build-and-install-on-windows) for more details.)
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## ICU4J Platform Support
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ICU4J works on Java 8..17 (at least).
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ICU4J works on Java 8..21 (at least).
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ICU4J should work on Android API level 21 and later but may require “[library desugaring](https://developer.android.com/studio/write/java8-support#library-desugaring)”.
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## Download
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Source and binary downloads are available on the git/GitHub tag page: TODO: https://github.com/unicode-org/icu/releases/tag/release-76-1
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Source and binary downloads are available on the git/GitHub tag page: https://github.com/unicode-org/icu/releases/tag/release-76-rc
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See the [Source Code Setup](../devsetup/source/) page for how to download the ICU file tree directly from GitHub.
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ICU locale data was generated from CLDR data equivalent to:
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* TODO: fix/update
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* https://github.com/unicode-org/cldr/releases/tag/release-46-beta4
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* https://github.com/unicode-org/cldr-staging/releases/tag/release-46-beta4
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* https://github.com/unicode-org/cldr/releases/tag/release-46-beta3
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* https://github.com/unicode-org/cldr-staging/releases/tag/release-46-beta3
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TODO: Maven dependency:
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[Maven dependency](https://central.sonatype.com/artifact/com.ibm.icu/icu4j):
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TODO
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```
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<dependency>
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<groupId>com.ibm.icu</groupId>

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