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2 | | -kavita puri |
3 | | -i didn’t, sam, but japanese culture is certainly interested in blood. there’s even a word ‘burahara’ meaning ‘blood harassment’, which is used to describe hostility towards people from a certain blood group considered to be selfish – but which group? that’s my quiz question for today – which blood types may fall victim to ‘burahara’? is it: a) blood type a? b) blood type b? or c) blood type o? |
4 | | -according to japanese tradition, blood type as are perfectionists - people who want everything to be perfect and demand the highest standards possible. |
5 | | -Marnie Chesterton |
6 | | -dina newman |
7 | | -that’s all we have time for today. bye for now. |
8 | | -but apart from customs and traditions, is there actually any science behind these beliefs? |
9 | | -never mind, i’ll settle for being curious, stubborn and generous! in today’s programme we’ve been talking all about blood types and personalities. in japan, blood type a people are thought of as perfectionists - people who want everything to be perfect. |
10 | | -georgina |
11 | | -but it’s unfortunate blood type bs who have the least desirable personality – selfish and independent. “woe betide the type bs” remarks the presenter, marnie chesterton – an informal british expression said when there will be trouble ahead for someone – in this case, poor type bs! |
| 2 | +we do have a bit of a gender problem here because if this was a man in his sixties, seventies and even eighties, and he’s fathered a child, most people would pat him on the back. but they’d probably pat him on the back because he’s absolutely got a much younger partner. but if we’ve got a woman in her sixties, seventies or, god forbid, eighties having a child, then it does have a sort of shock reaction, and makes people feel uncomfortable. |
| 3 | +ten, twenty, thirty years ago, women were having children at a much younger age. now it’s become quite normal for women in their thirties, as we see with the world data, there’s many countries where women have their first birth over the age of 30. but this is quite a new phenomena… that’s why this term ‘geriatric mother’ unfortunately still lingers. |
| 4 | +phenomena describes any significant facts or events that we know exist, and can be observed and discussed. |
| 5 | +prof joyce harper |
| 6 | +well, unlike women, whose ability to naturally get pregnant declines sharply in their forties, men’s fertility lasts longer. rolling stone, mick jagger, famously had his eighth child with his 29-year-old partner at the age of 73. so, are older fathers. |
| 7 | +Beth |
| 8 | +but first i have a question for you, neil. in 2019, mangayamma yaramati gave birth to twins in the state of andhra pradesh, south india. but these were no ordinary twins because mangayamma was the oldest recorded woman ever to give birth. so how old was the oldest ever mum when she gave birth. was she: a) 53 years-old? b) 63 years old? or c) 73 years old? |
| 9 | +more socially acceptable than older mothers? ‘Yes’ thinks Professor Harper, as she |
| 10 | +and finally, the expression god forbid! is a way of saying that you hope something will not happen. once again our six minutes are up, but don’t forget to join us again soon for more trending topics and useful vocabulary, here at 6 minute english. goodbye for now! |
| 11 | +ok, neil, we’ll find out the correct answer at the end of the programme. professor of reproductive science at university college london, joyce harper, has been studying the trend of women choosing to have babies later in life. here she shares her discoveries with bbc world service programme, global story: |
| 12 | +beth |
| 13 | +on the other hand, says professor harper, god forbid a woman having a baby in her eighties! here, the phrase god forbid! is used as a way of saying you hope something will not happen. |
| 14 | +the verb to father means to make a woman pregnant who then gives birth to a child. |
| 15 | +hmm, i'm going to guess 63. |
| 16 | +right, and i guessed she was 63 years old at the time. |
| 17 | +there are many reasons behind the trend for older mums including better access to education and careers. but there are also health risks to having children later in life, so in this programme we’ll be asking: when are you too old to have a baby? and, as usual, we’ll be learning some useful new vocabulary as well. |
| 18 | +in more traditional countries meanwhile, a woman’s role is as a mother, and many pray to god to be blessed with a child. |
| 19 | +bye! |
12 | 20 | Neil |
13 | 21 | hello. this is 6 minute english from bbc learning english. i’m neil. |
14 | | -hmm, lots of westerners don’t know their blood type, but in parts of asia blood groups are a topic of daily conversation. people select romantic partners based on blood type and different blood groups are associated with different personalities. |
15 | | -which makes me wonder what exactly blood types are. |
16 | | -onora o’neill |
17 | | -and explain why the same blood type is needed for a successful blood transfusion – the procedure in which blood is transferred from one person’s body to another during an operation. |
18 | | -which explains why blood of the same type is needed in blood transfusions – medical procedures in which blood is taken from one person and put into another person’s body, often after an accident or during an operation. |
19 | | -and explains the high demand for type o blood which can be given to anyone. |
20 | | -david edmonds |
21 | | -ah, you mean the different groups used to classify humans by blood – types a, b, ab and o. i think i’m type o. how about you, neil? |
22 | | -what blood type are you, sam? |
| 22 | +if something lingers, it continues to exist longer than usual or expected. |
| 23 | +yes, in some cultures older mothers are still disapproved of. but wait a minute, neil - it takes two to make a baby! what’s the man’s role in all this? |
| 24 | +and i’m beth. women today are having fewer babies. more women are delaying having children until their forties - the period of ten years in life between 40 and 49. and some women are giving birth in their fifties, their sixties, even their seventies! |
23 | 25 | neil |
24 | | -this contrasts with type os who are considered to be stubborn – people who are determined to do what they want and refuse to change their mind. |
25 | | -and woe betide selfish type bs – an informal expression said when there will be trouble for someone or if they will be punished for doing a particular thing. |
26 | | -they also help identify foreign pathogens - small organisms, such a virus or bacteria, that can cause a disease. |
27 | | -Sam |
28 | | -blood types are kinds of stickers or chemical markers which support our immune system - the organs, cells and processes which protect the human body from infection and illness. |
29 | | -doug kirkpatrick |
30 | | -rob |
31 | | -well, not according to dr emma pomeroy of cambridge university’s archaeology department. she thinks that - like horoscopes – there’s no scientific basis for a connection between blood types and personalities. |
32 | | -chie kobayashi |
33 | | -scientifically speaking, blood types help support our immune system - the organs and cellular processes which protect the human body from infection. |
34 | | -but as we’ve heard, it’s actually b) blood type b. |
35 | | -in this programme we’ll be finding out all about blood – why humans have different blood types and whether blood is something more than just a way of pumping oxygen around your body. |
36 | | -and of course we’ll be learning some new vocabulary as well. now, neil, i have an interesting fact for you - did you know that many japanese popstars’ websites will feature their blood type alongside information like their age and hobbies? |
37 | | -ok, sam, we’ll find out the answer later. as we’ve heard, blood is a big deal in japan. marnie chesterton, from bbc world service programme, crowdscience, travelled to tokyo where she asked japanese translator, chie kobayashi, to explain more: |
38 | | -ah, generous type os – like me. i always knew i was special… and curious and stubborn, wasn’t that the type o personality? |
39 | | -oh yes, today’s quiz question was about blood type personalities. i asked you which undesirable blood type is considered selfish in japan. |
40 | | -bye! |
41 | | -sam |
42 | | -those chemical markers can identify foreign bodies like pathogens - small organisms, such a virus or bacteria, that can cause disease. the variety of blood types seems to be a result of different bodily responses to different disease- causing pathogens. |
43 | | -for blood type a, generally it is thought they are perfectionists, more detail- oriented, pretty much good at precise type jobs, and that makes them good at helping others and good at teamwork and respecting rules and customs. that’s a typical blood a type. |
44 | | -i said a) blood type a. |
45 | | -i’ll say a) blood type a. |
46 | | -dr vaidehi tandel |
47 | | -marnie chesterton |
48 | | -Chie Kobayashi |
49 | | -40 percent of japan’s population are sensitive, anxious type as. 30 percent are curious and stubborn, generous type os. ten percent are creative abs. but woe betide the twenty percent type bs because they have a far less desirable personality, apparently. |
50 | | -and i’m sam. |
51 | | -professor colomina |
52 | | -unlike type os who are considered stubborn – determined to get their own way and unwilling to change. |
53 | | -well, it may sound strange but actually i don’t know. |
| 26 | +the concept of older mothers is still quite a new phenomenon, and attitudes towards them are changing. mothers over the age of 35 used to be called ‘geriatric’, a word many found offensive. fortunately, this term is no longer used, but social disapproval of older mothers still lingers. if something lingers it continues to exist longer than usual or expected. |
| 27 | +explained to bbc world service’s, global story: |
| 28 | +which is exactly what happened to mangayamma yaramati, the south indian woman i asked you about in my question. in 2019, she became the oldest recorded woman ever to give birth. |
| 29 | +which was… the wrong answer i’m afraid. in fact she was even older – 73. ok, let’s recap the vocabulary we’ve learned in this programme, starting with the phrase in your forties which describes the period of ten years in someone’s life when they’re aged between 40 and 49. |
| 30 | +professor harper uses the word phenomena to describe the trend for older mothers. phenomena are unusual or significant facts and events that exist and are talked about. people often get this wrong, but the plural form is phenomena and the singular is phenomenon. |
| 31 | +the idiom pat someone on the back is used to describe giving someone praise, congratulations or encouragement. |
| 32 | +Prof Joyce Harper |
| 33 | +more socially acceptable than older mothers? ‘yes’ thinks professor harper, as she |
| 34 | +professor harper thinks that society is more accepting of older fathers than older mothers. a 70-year-old man can still father a child – he can make a woman pregnant who then gives birth, and most people would pat him on the back, an idiom meaning give someone praise or congratulations. |
| 35 | +there’s another side to this story, though. in the west, young women from gen z, the generation born since the year 2000, are saying they won’t have children at all. |
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