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Compiler generation page Wed Nov 30 2016 14:57:01 GMT+0800 (CST)
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‎c/accept.html

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‎c/apt-get.html

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‎c/apt-key.html

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‎c/apt-sortpkgs.html

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‎c/aptitude.html

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‎c/arch.html

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<a class="edit_btn" href="https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/edit/master//command/arch.md">编辑</a>
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<h1 id="arch">arch</h1><p>显示当前主机的硬件架构类型</p>
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<h2 id="补充说明">补充说明</h2><p><strong>arch命</strong> 用于显示当前主机的硬件架构类型。arch命令等同于<code>命令name -m</code>在当前的Linux系统下,arch命令输出结果有:i386、i486、i586、alpha、sparc、arm、m68k、mips、ppc、i686等</p>
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<h2 id="补充说明">补充说明</h2><p><strong>arch命令</strong> 用于显示当前主机的硬件架构类型。arch命令等同于<code>命令name -m</code>在当前的Linux系统下,arch命令输出结果有:i386、i486、i586、alpha、sparc、arm、m68k、mips、ppc、i686等</p>
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<h3 id="语法">语法</h3><pre><code>arch
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</code></pre><h3 id="实例">实例</h3><pre><code>arch
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x86_64
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</code></pre>
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</code></pre><!-- Linux命令行搜索引擎：https://jaywcjlove.github.io/linux-command/ -->
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</div>
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<script type="text/javascript" src="../js/dt.js"></script>

‎c/as.html

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‎c/axel.html

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@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ <h3 id="安装">安装</h3><p>CentOS安装Axel：</p>
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--help ，-h 帮助
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--version ，-V 版本信息
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</code></pre><h3 id="实例">实例</h3><p>如下载lnmp安装包指定10个线程，存到/tmp/：</p>
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<pre><code>axel -n 10 -o /tmp/ http://www.linuxde.net/lnmp.tar.gz
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<pre><code>axel -n 10 -o /tmp/ http://www.jsdig.com/lnmp.tar.gz
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</code></pre><p>如果下载过程中下载中断可以再执行下载命令即可恢复上次的下载进度。</p>
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<!-- Linux命令行搜索引擎：https://jaywcjlove.github.io/linux-command/ -->
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</div>

‎c/bc.html

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‎c/cal.html

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‎c/cancel.html

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‎c/chsh.html

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@@ -53,14 +53,14 @@ <h3 id="实例">实例</h3><p> <strong>查看系统安装了哪些shell的两种
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/sbin/nologin
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/bin/zsh
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</code></pre><p>第二种：</p>
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<pre><code>rocrocket@localhost ~ /etc/shells
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<pre><code>[rocrocket@localhost ~]$ cat /etc/shells
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/bin/sh
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/bin/bash
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/sbin/nologin
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/bin/zsh
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</code></pre><p>其实<code>chsh -l</code>也是来查看这个文件。</p>
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<p> <strong>查看当前正在使用的shell：</strong> </p>
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<pre><code>rocrocket@localhost ~ <span class="hljs-variable">$SHELL</span>
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<pre><code>[rocrocket@localhost ~]$ <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> <span class="hljs-variable">$SHELL</span>
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/bin/bash
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</code></pre><p>注意SHELL一定要是大写。可以看到，目前使用的shell是<code>/bin/bash</code></p>
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<p> <strong>把我的shell改成zsh：</strong> </p>
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Shell changed.
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[rocrocket@localhost ~]$
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</code></pre><p>使用chsh加选项<code>-s</code>就可以修改登录的shell了！你会发现你现在执行<code>echo $SHELL</code>后仍然输出为<code>/bin/bash</code>，这是因为你需要重启你的shell才完全投入到zsh怀抱中去。<code>chsh -s</code>其实修改的就是<code>/etc/passwd</code>文件里和你的用户名相对应的那一行。现在来查看下：</p>
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<pre><code>rocrocket@localhost ~ ^rocrocket
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<pre><code>[rocrocket@localhost ~]$ cat /etc/passwd|grep ^rocrocket
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rocrocket:x:500:500:rocrocket,China:/rocrocket/PSB/home:/bin/zsh
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</code></pre><p>你可以发现输出内容的最后部分已经变成了<code>/bin/zsh</code>了，下次重启的时候，linux就会读取这一命令来启动shell了！</p>
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<p> <strong>把shell修改回/bin/bash：</strong> </p>

‎c/clear.html

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‎c/clockdiff.html

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‎c/comm.html

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@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ <h3 id="语法">语法</h3><pre><code>comm(选项)(参数)
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<li>文件1：指定要比较的第一个有序文件；</li>
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<li>文件2：指定要比较的第二个有序文件。</li>
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</ul>
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<h3 id="实例">实例</h3><pre><code>root@localhost text aaa.txt
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<h3 id="实例">实例</h3><pre><code>[root@localhost text]<span class="hljs-comment"># cat aaa.txt </span>
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aaa
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bbb
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ccc
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ccc
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</code></pre><p> <strong>求差</strong> </p>
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<p>打印出两个文件中不相同的行，需要删除第三列：</p>
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<pre><code>root@localhost text <span class="hljs-string">'s/^\t//'</span>
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<pre><code>[root@localhost text]<span class="hljs-comment"># comm aaa.txt bbb.txt -3 | sed 's/^\t//'</span>
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aaa
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aaa
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ddd

‎c/compress.html

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-V：显示指令版本及程序预设值。
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</code></pre><h3 id="参数">参数</h3><p>文件：指定要压缩的文件列表。</p>
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<h3 id="实例">实例</h3><p>将<code>/etc/man.config</code>复到<code>/tmp</code> ，并加以压缩</p>
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<pre><code>root@localhost ~ /tmp
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root@localhost tmp /etc/man.config .
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<pre><code>[root@localhost ~]<span class="hljs-comment"># cd /tmp</span>
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[root@localhost tmp]<span class="hljs-comment"># cp /etc/man.config .</span>
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[root@localhost tmp]<span class="hljs-comment"># compress man.config</span>
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root@localhost tmp <span class="hljs-_">-l</span>
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[root@localhost tmp]<span class="hljs-comment"># ls -l</span>
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</code></pre><pre><code>-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2605 Jul 27 11:43 man.config.Z
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</code></pre><p>将刚刚的压缩档解开</p>
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<pre><code>[root@localhost tmp]<span class="hljs-comment"># compress -d man.config.Z</span>

‎c/consoletype.html

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‎c/csplit.html

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[dis] 10.10.10.11 pen
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[con] 10.10.10.12 suc
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</code></pre><p>需要将server.log分割成server1.log、server2.log、server3.log，这些文件的内容分别取自原文件中不同的SERVER部分：</p>
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<pre><code>root@localhost split server00.log
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root@localhost split
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<pre><code>[root@localhost split]<span class="hljs-comment"># csplit server.log /SERVER/ -n2 -s {*} -f server -b "%02d.log"; rm server00.log</span>
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[root@localhost split]<span class="hljs-comment"># ls</span>
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server01.log server02.log server03.log server.log
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</code></pre><p> <strong>命令详细说明：</strong> </p>
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<pre><code>/[正则表达式]/ <span class="hljs-comment">#匹配文本样式，比如/SERVER/，从第一行到包含SERVER的匹配行。</span>

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‎c/cut.html

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@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ <h3 id="语法">语法</h3><pre><code>cut(选项)(参数)
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--version：显示指令的版本信息。
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</code></pre><h3 id="参数">参数</h3><p>文件：指定要进行内容过滤的文件。</p>
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<h3 id="实例">实例</h3><p>例如有一个学生报表信息，包含No、Name、Mark、Percent：</p>
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<pre><code>root@localhost text test.txt
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<pre><code>[root@localhost text]<span class="hljs-comment"># cat test.txt </span>
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No Name Mark Percent
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01 tom 69 91
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02 jack 71 87

‎c/dd.html

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1+0 records out
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1048576 bytes (1.0 MB) copied, 0.006107 seconds, 172 MB/s
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root@localhost text -sh sun.txt
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[root@localhost text]<span class="hljs-comment"># du -sh sun.txt </span>
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1.1M sun.txt
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</code></pre><p>该命令创建了一个1M大小的文件sun.txt，其中参数解释：</p>
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<ul>

‎c/dig.html

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<li>查询类：指定查询DNS的class；</li>
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<li>查询选项：指定查询选项。</li>
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</ul>
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<h3 id="实例">实例</h3><pre><code>[root@localhost ~]<span class="hljs-comment"># dig www.linuxde.net</span>
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<h3 id="实例">实例</h3><pre><code>[root@localhost ~]<span class="hljs-comment"># dig www.jsdig.com</span>
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; &lt;&lt;&gt;&gt; DiG 9.3.6-P1-RedHat-9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.1 &lt;&lt;&gt;&gt; www.linuxde.net
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; &lt;&lt;&gt;&gt; DiG 9.3.6-P1-RedHat-9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.1 &lt;&lt;&gt;&gt; www.jsdig.com
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;; global options: printcmd
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;; Got answer:
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;; -&gt;&gt;HEADER&lt;&lt;- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 2115
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;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 0
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;; QUESTION SECTION:
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;www.linuxde.net. IN A
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;www.jsdig.com. IN A
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;; ANSWER SECTION:
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www.linuxde.net. 0 IN CNAME host.1.linuxde.net.
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host.1.linuxde.net. 0 IN A 100.42.212.8
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www.jsdig.com. 0 IN CNAME host.1.jsdig.com.
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host.1.jsdig.com. 0 IN A 100.42.212.8
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;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
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linuxde.net. 8 IN NS f1g1ns2.dnspod.net.
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linuxde.net. 8 IN NS f1g1ns1.dnspod.net.
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jsdig.com. 8 IN NS f1g1ns2.dnspod.net.
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jsdig.com. 8 IN NS f1g1ns1.dnspod.net.
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;; Query time: 0 msec
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;; SERVER: 202.96.104.15<span class="hljs-comment">#53(202.96.104.15)</span>

‎c/dmesg.html

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</code></pre><h3 id="选项">选项</h3><pre><code>-c：显示信息后，清除ring buffer中的内容；
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<span class="hljs-_">-s</span>&lt;缓冲区大小&gt;：预设置为8196，刚好等于ring buffer的大小；
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-n：设置记录信息的层级。
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</code></pre><h3 id="实例">实例</h3><pre><code>root@localhost ~
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</code></pre><h3 id="实例">实例</h3><pre><code>[root@localhost ~]<span class="hljs-comment"># dmesg | head</span>
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Linux version 2.6.18-348.6.1.el5 (mockbuild@builder17.centos.org) (gcc version 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-54)) <span class="hljs-comment">#1 SMP Tue May 21 15:34:22 EDT 2013</span>
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BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
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BIOS<span class="hljs-_">-e</span>820: 0000000000010000 - 000000000009f400 (usable)

‎c/dnf.html

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‎c/domainname.html

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getdomainname()=`(none)<span class="hljs-string">'
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(none)
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[root@AY1307311912260196fcZ ~]# domainname
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www.linuxde.net
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www.jsdig.com
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[root@AY1307311912260196fcZ ~]# domainname -v
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getdomainname()=`www.linuxde.net'</span>
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www.linuxde.net
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getdomainname()=`www.jsdig.com'</span>
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www.jsdig.com
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</code></pre><!-- Linux命令行搜索引擎：https://jaywcjlove.github.io/linux-command/ -->
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</div>
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‎c/du.html

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</code></pre><p>显示多个文件所占空间：</p>
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<pre><code>root@localhost test.gz <span class="hljs-built_in">log</span>31.tar.gz
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<pre><code>[root@localhost <span class="hljs-built_in">test</span>]<span class="hljs-comment"># du log30.tar.gz log31.tar.gz</span>
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4 <span class="hljs-built_in">log</span>30.tar.gz
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4 <span class="hljs-built_in">log</span>31.tar.gz
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</code></pre><p>只显示总和的大小:</p>
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[root@localhost <span class="hljs-built_in">test</span>]<span class="hljs-comment"># du -s scf</span>
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32 scf
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root@localhost <span class="hljs-built_in">test</span> ..
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[root@localhost <span class="hljs-built_in">test</span>]<span class="hljs-comment"># cd ..</span>
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[root@localhost soft]<span class="hljs-comment"># du -s test</span>
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</code></pre><!-- Linux命令行搜索引擎：https://jaywcjlove.github.io/linux-command/ -->

‎c/enable.html

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<pre><code>[root@localhost ~]<span class="hljs-comment"># enable -a</span>
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<span class="hljs-built_in">enable</span> .
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<span class="hljs-built_in">enable</span> :
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<span class="hljs-built_in">enable</span> [
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<span class="hljs-built_in">enable</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">alias</span>
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<span class="hljs-built_in">enable</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">bg</span>
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<span class="hljs-built_in">enable</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">bind</span>

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‎c/fdisk.html

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Syncing disks.
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</code></pre><p>建立好分区之后我们还需要对分区进行格式化才能在系统中使用磁盘。</p>
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<p>在sdb1上建立ext2分区：</p>
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<pre><code>root@localhost ~.ext2 /dev/sdb1
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<pre><code>[root@localhost ~]<span class="hljs-comment"># mkfs.ext2 /dev/sdb1</span>
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mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
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Filesystem label=
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180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
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[root@localhost ~]<span class="hljs-comment">#</span>
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</code></pre><p>建立两个目录<code>/oracle</code>和<code>/web</code>，将新建好的两个分区挂载到系统：</p>
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<pre><code>root@localhost ~ /oracle
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<pre><code>[root@localhost ~]<span class="hljs-comment"># mkdir /oracle</span>
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[root@localhost ~]<span class="hljs-comment"># mkdir /web</span>
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root@localhost ~ /dev/sdb1 /oracle
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[root@localhost ~]<span class="hljs-comment"># mount /dev/sdb1 /oracle</span>
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[root@localhost ~]<span class="hljs-comment"># mount /dev/sdb6 /web</span>
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</code></pre><p>查看分区挂载情况：</p>
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<pre><code>root@localhost ~ -h
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<pre><code>[root@localhost ~]<span class="hljs-comment"># df -h</span>
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文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
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/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
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6.7G 2.8G 3.6G 44% /

‎c/file.html

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-z：尝试去解读压缩文件的内容。
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</code></pre><h3 id="参数">参数</h3><p>文件：要确定类型的文件列表，多个文件之间使用空格分开，可以使用shell通配符匹配多个文件。</p>
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<h3 id="实例">实例</h3><p>显示文件类型</p>
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<pre><code>root@localhost ~.log
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<pre><code>[root@localhost ~]<span class="hljs-comment"># file install.log</span>
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install.log: UTF-8 Unicode text
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[root@localhost ~]<span class="hljs-comment"># file -b install.log &lt;== 不显示文件名称</span>
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[root@localhost ~]<span class="hljs-comment"># file -b -i install.log</span>
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text/plain; charset=utf-8
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</code></pre><p>显示符号链接的文件类型</p>
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<pre><code>root@localhost ~ <span class="hljs-_">-l</span> /var/mail
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<pre><code>[root@localhost ~]<span class="hljs-comment"># ls -l /var/mail</span>
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lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 08-13 00:11 /var/mail -&gt; spool/mail
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[root@localhost ~]<span class="hljs-comment"># file /var/mail</span>

‎c/ftp.html

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@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ <h3 id="实例">实例</h3><pre><code>FTP&gt;ascii: 设定以ASCII方式传送
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FTP&gt;chmod: 改变远端主机的文件权限.
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FTP&gt;close: 终止远端的FTP进程,返回到FTP命令状态, 所有的宏定义都被删除.
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FTP&gt;delete: 删除远端主机中的文件.
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FTP&gt;dir remote-directory] 列出当前远端主机目录中的文件.如果有本地文件,就将结果写至本地文件.
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FTP&gt;dir [remote-directory] <span class="hljs-built_in">local</span>-[file] 列出当前远端主机目录中的文件.如果有本地文件,就将结果写至本地文件.
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FTP&gt;get [remote-file] [<span class="hljs-built_in">local</span>-file] 从远端主机中传送至本地主机中.
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FTP&gt;<span class="hljs-built_in">help</span> [<span class="hljs-built_in">command</span>] 输出命令的解释.
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FTP&gt;lcd: 改变当前本地主机的工作目录,如果缺省,就转到当前用户的HOME目录.

‎c/gcc.html

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‎c/htpasswd.html

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@@ -52,8 +52,8 @@ <h3 id="语法">语法</h3><h3 id="htpasswd(选项)(参数)">htpasswd(选项)(
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<li>密码：用户的新密码。</li>
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</ul>
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<h3 id="实例">实例</h3><p> <strong>利用htpasswd命令添加用户</strong> </p>
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<pre><code>htpasswd -bc .passwd www.linuxde.net php
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</code></pre><p>在bin目录下生成一个.passwd文件，用户名www.linuxde.net，密码：php，默认采用MD5加密方式。</p>
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<pre><code>htpasswd -bc .passwd www.jsdig.com php
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</code></pre><p>在bin目录下生成一个.passwd文件，用户名www.jsdig.com，密码：php，默认采用MD5加密方式。</p>
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<p> <strong>在原有密码文件中增加下一个用户</strong> </p>
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<pre><code>htpasswd -b .passwd Jack 123456
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</code></pre><p>去掉<code>-c</code>选项，即可在第一个用户之后添加第二个用户，依此类推。</p>

‎c/id.html

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<h1 id="id">id</h1><p>显示用户的ID以及所属群组的ID</p>
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<h2 id="补充说明">补充说明</h2><p><strong>id命令</strong> 可以显示真实有效的用户ID(UID)和组ID(GID)。UID 是对一个用户的单一身份标识。组ID（GID）则对应多个UID。id命令已经默认预装在大多数Linux系统中。要使用它，只需要在你的控制台输入id。不带选项输入id会显示如下。结果会使用活跃用户。</p>
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<p>当我们想知道某个用户的UID和GID时id命令是非常有用的。一些程序可能需要UID/GID来运行。id使我们更加容易地找出用户的UID以GID而不必在<code>/etc/group</code>文件中搜寻。如往常一样，你可以在控制台输入<code>man id</code>进入id的手册页来获取更多的详情。</p>
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<h3 id="语法">语法</h3><pre><code>id -gGnru][--version][用户名称]
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<h3 id="语法">语法</h3><pre><code>id [-gGnru]--[<span class="hljs-built_in">help</span>][--version][用户名称]
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</code></pre><h3 id="选项">选项</h3><pre><code>-g或--group 　 显示用户所属群组的ID。
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-G或--groups 显示用户所属附加群组的ID。
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-n或--name 　 显示用户，所属群组或附加群组的名称。

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‎c/insmod.html

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<pre><code>[root@localhost boot]<span class="hljs-comment"># insmod /lib/modules/2.6.</span>
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18-8.el5/kernel/drivers/md/raid1.ko
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root@localhost boot | grep raid1
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[root@localhost boot]<span class="hljs-comment"># lsmod | grep raid1</span>
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raid1 25153 0
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</code></pre><p>从以上显示结果可知，RAID1模块已加载成功。只是在使用insmod命令加载模块时，需要使用绝对路径方能加载，且加载时无法自动解决依赖关系。</p>
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‎c/losetup.html

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<h1 id="losetup">losetup</h1><p>设定与控制循环（loop）设备</p>
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<h2 id="补充说明">补充说明</h2><p><strong>losetup命令</strong> 用来设置循环设备。循环设备可把文件虚拟成块设备，籍此来模拟整个文件系统，让用户得以将其视为硬盘驱动器，光驱或软驱等设备，并挂入当作目录来使用。</p>
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<h3 id="语法">语法</h3><pre><code>losetup <span class="hljs-_">-e</span> encryption
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<h3 id="语法">语法</h3><pre><code>losetup [ <span class="hljs-_">-e</span> encryption ] [ -o offset ] loop_device file
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losetup [ <span class="hljs-_">-d</span> ] loop_device
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</code></pre><h3 id="选项">选项</h3><pre><code><span class="hljs-_">-a</span> 显示所有循环设备的状态。
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<span class="hljs-_">-d</span> 卸除设备。

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