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Tutorial Make Border
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‎doc/tutorials/imgproc/imgtrans/copyMakeBorder/copyMakeBorder.markdown

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Adding borders to your images {#tutorial_copyMakeBorder}
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=============================
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@prev_tutorial{tutorial_filter_2d}
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@next_tutorial{tutorial_sobel_derivatives}
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Goal
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----
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In this tutorial you will learn how to:
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- Use the OpenCV function @ref cv::copyMakeBorder to set the borders (extra padding to your
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- Use the OpenCV function **copyMakeBorder()** to set the borders (extra padding to your
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image).
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Theory
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This will be seen more clearly in the Code section.
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Code
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----
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-# **What does this program do?**
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- **What does this program do?**
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- Load an image
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- Let the user choose what kind of padding use in the input image. There are two options:
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@@ -45,38 +45,153 @@ Code
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The user chooses either option by pressing 'c' (constant) or 'r' (replicate)
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- The program finishes when the user presses 'ESC'
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-# The tutorial code's is shown lines below. You can also download it from
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[here](https://github.com/opencv/opencv/tree/master/samples/cpp/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/copyMakeBorder_demo.cpp)
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@include samples/cpp/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/copyMakeBorder_demo.cpp
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Code
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----
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The tutorial code's is shown lines below.
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@add_toggle_cpp
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You can also download it from
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[here](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/opencv/opencv/master/samples/cpp/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/copyMakeBorder_demo.cpp)
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@include samples/cpp/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/copyMakeBorder_demo.cpp
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@end_toggle
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@add_toggle_java
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You can also download it from
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[here](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/opencv/opencv/master/samples/java/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/MakeBorder/CopyMakeBorder.java)
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@include samples/java/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/MakeBorder/CopyMakeBorder.java
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@end_toggle
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@add_toggle_python
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You can also download it from
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[here](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/opencv/opencv/master/samples/python/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/MakeBorder/copy_make_border.py)
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@include samples/python/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/MakeBorder/copy_make_border.py
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@end_toggle
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Explanation
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-----------
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-# First we declare the variables we are going to use:
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@snippet cpp/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/copyMakeBorder_demo.cpp variables
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#### Declare the variables
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First we declare the variables we are going to use:
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@add_toggle_cpp
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@snippet cpp/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/copyMakeBorder_demo.cpp variables
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@end_toggle
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@add_toggle_java
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@snippet java/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/MakeBorder/CopyMakeBorder.java variables
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@end_toggle
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@add_toggle_python
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@snippet python/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/MakeBorder/copy_make_border.py variables
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@end_toggle
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Especial attention deserves the variable *rng* which is a random number generator. We use it to
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generate the random border color, as we will see soon.
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#### Load an image
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As usual we load our source image *src*:
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@add_toggle_cpp
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@snippet cpp/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/copyMakeBorder_demo.cpp load
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@end_toggle
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@add_toggle_java
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@snippet java/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/MakeBorder/CopyMakeBorder.java load
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@end_toggle
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@add_toggle_python
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@snippet python/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/MakeBorder/copy_make_border.py load
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@end_toggle
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#### Create a window
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After giving a short intro of how to use the program, we create a window:
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@add_toggle_cpp
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@snippet cpp/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/copyMakeBorder_demo.cpp create_window
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@end_toggle
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@add_toggle_java
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@snippet java/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/MakeBorder/CopyMakeBorder.java create_window
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@end_toggle
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Especial attention deserves the variable *rng* which is a random number generator. We use it to
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generate the random border color, as we will see soon.
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@add_toggle_python
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@snippet python/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/MakeBorder/copy_make_border.py create_window
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@end_toggle
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-# As usual we load our source image *src*:
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@snippet cpp/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/copyMakeBorder_demo.cpp load
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#### Initialize arguments
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-# After giving a short intro of how to use the program, we create a window:
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@snippet cpp/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/copyMakeBorder_demo.cpp create_window
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-# Now we initialize the argument that defines the size of the borders (*top*, *bottom*, *left* and
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*right*). We give them a value of 5% the size of *src*.
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@snippet cpp/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/copyMakeBorder_demo.cpp init_arguments
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-# The program runs in a **for** loop. If the user presses 'c' or 'r', the *borderType* variable
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takes the value of *BORDER_CONSTANT* or *BORDER_REPLICATE* respectively:
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@snippet cpp/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/copyMakeBorder_demo.cpp check_keypress
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-# In each iteration (after 0.5 seconds), the variable *value* is updated...
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@snippet cpp/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/copyMakeBorder_demo.cpp update_value
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with a random value generated by the **RNG** variable *rng*. This value is a number picked
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randomly in the range \f$[0,255]\f$
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Now we initialize the argument that defines the size of the borders (*top*, *bottom*, *left* and
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*right*). We give them a value of 5% the size of *src*.
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-# Finally, we call the function @ref cv::copyMakeBorder to apply the respective padding:
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@snippet cpp/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/copyMakeBorder_demo.cpp copymakeborder
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The arguments are:
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@add_toggle_cpp
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@snippet cpp/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/copyMakeBorder_demo.cpp init_arguments
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@end_toggle
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@add_toggle_java
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@snippet java/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/MakeBorder/CopyMakeBorder.java init_arguments
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@end_toggle
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@add_toggle_python
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@snippet python/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/MakeBorder/copy_make_border.py init_arguments
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@end_toggle
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#### Loop
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The program runs in an infinite loop while the key **ESC** isn't pressed.
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If the user presses '**c**' or '**r**', the *borderType* variable
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takes the value of *BORDER_CONSTANT* or *BORDER_REPLICATE* respectively:
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@add_toggle_cpp
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@snippet cpp/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/copyMakeBorder_demo.cpp check_keypress
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@end_toggle
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@add_toggle_java
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@snippet java/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/MakeBorder/CopyMakeBorder.java check_keypress
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@end_toggle
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@add_toggle_python
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@snippet python/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/MakeBorder/copy_make_border.py check_keypress
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@end_toggle
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#### Random color
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In each iteration (after 0.5 seconds), the random border color (*value*) is updated...
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@add_toggle_cpp
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@snippet cpp/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/copyMakeBorder_demo.cpp update_value
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@end_toggle
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@add_toggle_java
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@snippet java/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/MakeBorder/CopyMakeBorder.java update_value
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@end_toggle
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@add_toggle_python
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@snippet python/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/MakeBorder/copy_make_border.py update_value
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@end_toggle
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This value is a set of three numbers picked randomly in the range \f$[0,255]\f$.
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#### Form a border around the image
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Finally, we call the function **copyMakeBorder()** to apply the respective padding:
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@add_toggle_cpp
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@snippet cpp/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/copyMakeBorder_demo.cpp copymakeborder
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@end_toggle
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@add_toggle_java
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@snippet java/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/MakeBorder/CopyMakeBorder.java copymakeborder
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@end_toggle
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@add_toggle_python
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@snippet python/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/MakeBorder/copy_make_border.py copymakeborder
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@end_toggle
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- The arguments are:
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-# *src*: Source image
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-# *dst*: Destination image
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-# *value*: If *borderType* is *BORDER_CONSTANT*, this is the value used to fill the border
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pixels.
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-# We display our output image in the image created previously
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@snippet cpp/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/copyMakeBorder_demo.cpp display
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#### Display the results
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We display our output image in the image created previously
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@add_toggle_cpp
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@snippet cpp/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/copyMakeBorder_demo.cpp display
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@end_toggle
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@add_toggle_java
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@snippet java/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/MakeBorder/CopyMakeBorder.java display
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@end_toggle
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@add_toggle_python
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@snippet python/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/MakeBorder/copy_make_border.py display
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@end_toggle
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Results
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-------

‎doc/tutorials/imgproc/table_of_content_imgproc.markdown

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@@ -87,6 +87,8 @@ In this section you will learn about the image processing (manipulation) functio
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- @subpage tutorial_copyMakeBorder
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*Languages:* C++, Java, Python
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*Compatibility:* \> OpenCV 2.0
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*Author:* Ana Huamán

‎samples/cpp/tutorial_code/ImgTrans/copyMakeBorder_demo.cpp

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
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using namespace cv;
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//![variables]
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// Declare the variables
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Mat src, dst;
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int top, bottom, left, right;
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int borderType;
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int borderType = BORDER_CONSTANT;
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const char* window_name = "copyMakeBorder Demo";
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RNG rng(12345);
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//![variables]
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*/
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int main( int argc, char** argv )
2526
{
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//![load]
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String imageName("../data/lena.jpg"); // by default
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if (argc > 1)
29-
{
30-
imageName = argv[1];
31-
}
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src = imread( imageName, IMREAD_COLOR ); // Load an image
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//![load]
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const char* imageName = argc >=2 ? argv[1] : "../data/lena.jpg";
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34-
if( src.empty() )
35-
{
36-
printf(" No data entered, please enter the path to an image file \n");
37-
return -1;
38-
}
39-
//![load]
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// Loads an image
31+
src = imread( imageName, IMREAD_COLOR ); // Load an image
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/// Brief how-to for this program
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printf( "\n \t copyMakeBorder Demo: \n" );
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printf( "\t -------------------- \n" );
44-
printf( " ** Press 'c' to set the border to a random constant value \n");
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printf( " ** Press 'r' to set the border to be replicated \n");
46-
printf( " ** Press 'ESC' to exit the program \n");
33+
// Check if image is loaded fine
34+
if( src.empty()) {
35+
printf(" Error opening image\n");
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printf(" Program Arguments: [image_name -- default ../data/lena.jpg] \n");
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return -1;
38+
}
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//![load]
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//![create_window]
49-
namedWindow( window_name, WINDOW_AUTOSIZE );
50-
//![create_window]
41+
// Brief how-to for this program
42+
printf( "\n \t copyMakeBorder Demo: \n" );
43+
printf( "\t -------------------- \n" );
44+
printf( " ** Press 'c' to set the border to a random constant value \n");
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printf( " ** Press 'r' to set the border to be replicated \n");
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printf( " ** Press 'ESC' to exit the program \n");
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//![init_arguments]
53-
/// Initialize arguments for the filter
54-
top = (int) (0.05*src.rows); bottom = (int) (0.05*src.rows);
55-
left = (int) (0.05*src.cols); right = (int) (0.05*src.cols);
56-
//![init_arguments]
48+
//![create_window]
49+
namedWindow( window_name, WINDOW_AUTOSIZE );
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//![create_window]
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dst = src;
59-
imshow( window_name, dst );
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//![init_arguments]
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// Initialize arguments for the filter
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top = (int) (0.05*src.rows); bottom = top;
55+
left = (int) (0.05*src.cols); right = left;
56+
//![init_arguments]
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for(;;)
62-
{
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//![check_keypress]
64-
char c = (char)waitKey(500);
65-
if( c == 27 )
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{ break; }
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else if( c == 'c' )
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{ borderType = BORDER_CONSTANT; }
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else if( c == 'r' )
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{ borderType = BORDER_REPLICATE; }
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//![check_keypress]
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for(;;)
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{
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//![update_value]
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Scalar value( rng.uniform(0, 255), rng.uniform(0, 255), rng.uniform(0, 255) );
62+
//![update_value]
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//![update_value]
74-
Scalar value( rng.uniform(0, 255), rng.uniform(0, 255), rng.uniform(0, 255) );
75-
//![update_value]
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//![copymakeborder]
65+
copyMakeBorder( src, dst, top, bottom, left, right, borderType, value );
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//![copymakeborder]
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//![copymakeborder]
78-
copyMakeBorder( src, dst, top, bottom, left, right, borderType, value );
79-
//![copymakeborder]
68+
//![display]
69+
imshow( window_name, dst );
70+
//![display]
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81-
//![display]
82-
imshow( window_name, dst );
83-
//![display]
84-
}
72+
//![check_keypress]
73+
char c = (char)waitKey(500);
74+
if( c == 27 )
75+
{ break; }
76+
else if( c == 'c' )
77+
{ borderType = BORDER_CONSTANT; }
78+
else if( c == 'r' )
79+
{ borderType = BORDER_REPLICATE; }
80+
//![check_keypress]
81+
}
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return 0;
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return 0;
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}

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