**Opens a file and returns a corresponding file object.**

* **`'newline=None'` means all different end of line combinations are converted to '\n' on read, while on write all '\n' characters are converted to system's default line separator.**

<list> = listdir('<path>') # List of filenames located at path.

<list> = glob('<pattern>') # Filenames matching the wildcard pattern.

<iter> = <Path>.iterdir() # Returns dir contents as Path objects.

<iter> = <Path>.glob('<pattern>') # Returns Paths matching the wildcard pattern.

<str> = str(<Path>) # Path as a string.

<str> = <Path>.name # Final component.

<str> = <Path>.stem # Final component without extension.

<str> = <Path>.suffix # Final component's extension.

<tup.> = <Path>.parts # All components as strings.

<Path> = <Path>.resolve() # Returns absolute path without symlinks.

<Path> = <Path>.parent # Returns path without final component.

<file> = open(<Path>) # Opens the file and returns a file object.

os.chdir(<path>) # Changes current working directory.

os.mkdir(<path>, mode=0o777) # Creates a directory.

os.rename(from, to) # Renames the file or directory.

os.replace(from, to) # Same, but overwrites 'to' if it exists.

os.remove(<path>) # Deletes the file.

os.rmdir(<path>) # Deletes empty directory.

shutil.rmtree(<path>) # Deletes the entire directory tree.

shutil.copy(from, to) # Copies the file.

shutil.copytree(from, to) # Copies the entire directory tree.

<str> = os.getcwd() # Returns the current working directory.

<iter> = os.scandir(path='.') # Returns os.DirEntry objects located at path.

<str> = <DirEntry>.path # Path as a string.

<str> = <DirEntry>.name # Final component.

<Path> = Path(<DirEntry>) # Path object.

<file> = open(<DirEntry>) # File object.

<div><h2 id="open"><a href="#open" name="open">#</a>Open</h2><p><strong>Opens a file and returns a corresponding file object.</strong></p><pre><code class="python language-python hljs">&lt;file&gt; = open(<span class="hljs-string">'&lt;path&gt;'</span>, mode=<span class="hljs-string">'r'</span>, encoding=<span class="hljs-keyword">None</span>, newline=<span class="hljs-keyword">None</span>)

<li><strong><code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'newline=None'</span></code> means all different end of line combinations are converted to '\n' on read, while on write all '\n' characters are converted to system's default line separator.</strong></li>

<pre><code class="python language-python hljs">&lt;list&gt; = listdir(<span class="hljs-string">'&lt;path&gt;'</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># List of filenames located at path.</span>

&lt;list&gt; = glob(<span class="hljs-string">'&lt;pattern&gt;'</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># Filenames matching the wildcard pattern.</span>

<pre><code class="python language-python hljs">&lt;iter&gt; = &lt;Path&gt;.iterdir() <span class="hljs-comment"># Returns dir contents as Path objects.</span>

&lt;iter&gt; = &lt;Path&gt;.glob(<span class="hljs-string">'&lt;pattern&gt;'</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># Returns Paths matching the wildcard pattern.</span>

<pre><code class="python language-python hljs">&lt;str&gt; = str(&lt;Path&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># Path as a string.</span>

&lt;str&gt; = &lt;Path&gt;.name <span class="hljs-comment"># Final component.</span>

&lt;str&gt; = &lt;Path&gt;.stem <span class="hljs-comment"># Final component without extension.</span>

&lt;str&gt; = &lt;Path&gt;.suffix <span class="hljs-comment"># Final component's extension.</span>

&lt;tup.&gt; = &lt;Path&gt;.parts <span class="hljs-comment"># All components as strings.</span>

<pre><code class="python language-python hljs">&lt;Path&gt; = &lt;Path&gt;.resolve() <span class="hljs-comment"># Returns absolute path without symlinks.</span>

&lt;Path&gt; = &lt;Path&gt;.parent <span class="hljs-comment"># Returns path without final component.</span>

&lt;file&gt; = open(&lt;Path&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># Opens the file and returns a file object.</span>

<pre><code class="python language-python hljs">os.chdir(&lt;path&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># Changes current working directory.</span>

os.mkdir(&lt;path&gt;, mode=<span class="hljs-number">0o777</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># Creates a directory.</span>

<pre><code class="python language-python hljs">os.rename(from, to) <span class="hljs-comment"># Renames the file or directory.</span>

os.replace(from, to) <span class="hljs-comment"># Same, but overwrites 'to' if it exists.</span>

<pre><code class="python language-python hljs">os.remove(&lt;path&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># Deletes the file.</span>

os.rmdir(&lt;path&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># Deletes empty directory.</span>

shutil.rmtree(&lt;path&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># Deletes the entire directory tree.</span>

<pre><code class="python language-python hljs">shutil.copy(from, to) <span class="hljs-comment"># Copies the file.</span>

shutil.copytree(from, to) <span class="hljs-comment"># Copies the entire directory tree.</span>

<pre><code class="python language-python hljs">&lt;str&gt; = os.getcwd() <span class="hljs-comment"># Returns the current working directory.</span>

&lt;iter&gt; = os.scandir(path=<span class="hljs-string">'.'</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># Returns os.DirEntry objects located at path.</span>

<pre><code class="python language-python hljs">&lt;str&gt; = &lt;DirEntry&gt;.path <span class="hljs-comment"># Path as a string.</span>

&lt;str&gt; = &lt;DirEntry&gt;.name <span class="hljs-comment"># Final component.</span>

<pre><code class="python language-python hljs">&lt;Path&gt; = Path(&lt;DirEntry&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># Path object.</span>

&lt;file&gt; = open(&lt;DirEntry&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># File object.</span>

'os.rename(from, to) <span class="hljs-comment"># Renames the file or directory.</span>\n' +

'os.replace(from, to) <span class="hljs-comment"># Same, but overwrites \'to\' if it exists.</span>\n';

'shutil.copy(from, to) <span class="hljs-comment"># Copies the file.</span>\n' +

'shutil.copytree(from, to) <span class="hljs-comment"># Copies the entire directory tree.</span>\n';