Accounting for the formation of the Ethiopian National Liberation Front (ENLF) in 1971 and the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF) in 1974, Holcomb and Ibssa (1990: 299) note that "intellectuals who had survived the banning of Macha-Tulama had gone underground to find a new approach.
The ENLF's main objectives were to reform Ethiopia, introduce democracy, and bring civil equality for all peoples by removing Ethiopia's imperial character (Jalata, 1994: 5-7).