DUSP1, also known as MALIK phosphatase 1 (
MKP1), can dephosphorylate p38, which is considered to be an effective anti-inflammatory kinase that is controlled by GR.
It has been found that CTB induces MAPK phosphatase-1 (
MKP1) expression and significantly inhibits Janus kinase and p38 activation, thereby leading to a substantial attenuation of TNF[alpha] and IL-6 production by LPS-stimulated macrophages (61).
MKP1, a phosphatase, was induced in p[53.sup.(+)] cells and may serve a protective role as it opposes the activation of SAPK/JNK (Li et al.