Content deleted Content added
stop deleting you have nothing to say Tags: Manual revert Reverted |
|||
Line 91:
Determining the origins and nature of the Khazars is closely bound with theories of [[Turkic languages|their languages]], but it is a matter of intricate difficulty since no indigenous records in the Khazar language survived, and the state was [[polyglot]] and [[polyethnicity|polyethnic]]. The native religion of the Khazars is thought to have been [[Tengrism]], like that of the [[North Caucasian Huns]] and other [[Turkic peoples]].{{sfn|Golden|2007a|p=131}} The polyethnic populace of the Khazar Khaganate appears to have been a multiconfessional mosaic of pagan, Tengrist, Jewish, Christian and Muslim worshippers.{{sfn|Golden|2007a|p=28}} Some of the Khazars (namely the [[Kabar]]s) joined the ancient Hungarians in the 9th century. The ruling elite of the Khazars was said by [[Judah Halevi]] and [[Abraham ibn Daud]] to have converted to [[Rabbinic Judaism]] in the 8th century,{{sfn|Golden|2007a|p=149}} but the scope of the [[conversion to Judaism]] within the Khazar Khanate remains uncertain.{{sfn|Behar|Metspalu|Baran|Kopelman|2013|pp=859–900}}
Where the Khazars dispersed after the fall of the Empire is subject to many conjectures. Proposals have been made regarding the possibility of a Khazar factor in the ethnogenesis of numerous peoples, such as the [[Hazaras]], [[Hungarians]], the [[Kazakhs]], the [[Don Cossacks|Cossacks of the Don]] region and of [[Ukraine]], [[Bukharan Jews]], the Muslim [[Kumyks]], the Turkic-speaking [[Krymchaks]] and their Crimean neighbours the [[Crimean Karaites]], the [[Csangos|Moldavian Csángós]], the [[Mountain Jews]], even some [[Subbotniks]] (on the basis of their Ukrainian and Cossack origin and others).{{sfn|Kizilov|2009|p=335}}{{sfn|Patai|Patai|1989|p=73}}{{sfn|Wexler|1987|p=70}} The late 19th century saw the [[Khazar theory of Ashkenazi ancestry#History|emergence of the theory]] that the core of today's [[Ashkenazi Jews]] are descended from a hypothetical Khazarian Jewish diaspora which migrated westward from modern-day Russia and Ukraine into modern-day France and Germany. Linguistic and genetic studies have not supported the theory of a Khazar connection to [[Ashkenazi Jewry]]. The theory still finds occasional support, but most scholars view it with considerable scepticism.{{sfn|Wexler|2002|p=536}}{{sfn|Behar|Metspalu|Baran|Kopelman|2013|pp=859–900}} The theory is sometimes associated with [[antisemitism]]{{sfn|Davies|1992|p=242}} and [[anti-Zionism]].{{sfn|Vogt|1975}}
In [[Oghuz languages|Oghuz]] [[Turkic languages]], the [[Caspian Sea]] is still named the "[[Caspian Sea#Etymology|Khazar Sea]]", an enduring legacy of the medieval Khazar state.
Line 258:
== Claims of Khazar ancestry ==
Claims of Khazar origins of peoples, or suggestions that the Khazars were absorbed by them, have been made with regard to the [[Kazakhs]], the [[Hungarians]], the [[Judaizers|Judaizing]] [[Slavs|Slavic]] [[Subbotniks]], the Muslim [[Karachays]], the [[Kumyks]], the [[Avars (Caucasus)|Avars]], the [[Don Cossacks|Cossacks of the Don]] and the [[Ukrainian Cossacks]] (see [[Khazar hypothesis of Cossack ancestry]]), the Turkic-speaking [[Krymchaks]] and their Crimean neighbours the [[Crimean Karaites|Karaites]], the Moldavian [[Csángós]], the [[Mountain Jews]] and others.{{sfn|Kizilov|2009|p=335}}{{sfn|Brook|2018|pp=145, 149–151, 162–163, 164}}{{sfn|Patai|Patai|1989|p=73}}{{sfn|Wexler|1987|p=70}} [[Turkic languages|Turkic]]-speaking [[Crimean Karaites]] (known in the [[Crimean Tatar language]] as ''Qaraylar''), some of whom migrated in the 19th century from the [[Crimea]] to Poland and Lithuania have claimed Khazar origins. Specialists in Khazar history question the connection.{{sfn|Brook|2018|pp=210–216}}{{sfn|Golden|2007a|p=9}}{{efn|group=note|name=Rabinnic|Rabbinic Judaism rather than Qaraism was the form adopted. Small [[Karaite Judaism|Karaim]] communities may have existed, but the linguistic and historical evidence suggests that the [[Crimean Karaites|Turkic-speaking Karaim Jews]] in Poland and Lithuania, of which one branch also existed in the Crimea, descend from the Khazars. "At most, it is conceivable that the smaller Karaite community which lived in Khazaria gained the Kipchak type Turkic language, that they speak today, through an exchange of language." Khazars probably converted to [[Rabbinic Judaism]], whereas in [[Karaism]] only the [[Torah]] is accepted, the [[Talmud]] being ignored {{harv|Róna-Tas|1999|p=232}}.}} Scholarship is likewise sceptical of claims that the [[Crimean Tatar language|Tatar-speaking Krymchak Jews]] of the Crimea descend from Khazars.{{sfn|Brook|2018|pp=208–209}}
=== Crimean Karaites and Krymchaks ===
| |||