Links of Noltland is a large prehistoric settlement located on the north coast of the island of Westray in Orkney, Scotland. The extensive ruins includes several late Neolithic and early Bronze Age dwellings and is place of discovery of the Westray Wife figurine, uncovered during an excavation in 2009. Historic Environment Scotland established the site as a scheduled monument in 1993.
Location
editLinks of Noltland is located south of the Bay of Grobust on the island of Westray in Orkney, Scotland. Close to the site is the Knowe of Queen o' Howe broch and further south is Noltland Castle.[1] The site is threatened by erosion of the sand dunes.
Description
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The ancient settlement, dating from around 3300 BCE to 800 BCE, contains late Neolithic and Bronze Age structural ruins, now buried beneath sand dunes.[2] Excavations have revealed over 30 buildings of Neolithic and Bronze Age date,[3] the earliest of which overlaps in use with the Knap of Howar on the neighbouring island of Papa Westray, the oldest standing structure in NW Europe. During excavations between 1978 and 1981, large midden deposits, structural remains, and field walls, which indicated evidence of prehistoric cultivation and field boundaries, were uncovered. Among the finds in the western area of the site was a hearth and several red deer skeletons. In the eastern section of the archaeological site, was a large building which had survived to roof height. The structure included several separate rooms and compartments joined by passages.[4][5] In 2015, a substantial subterranean building dating from the Bronze Age was uncovered; this was very well preserved and is interpreted as a sweat-house or sauna.[6]
In 2009, archaeological excavation uncovered a large building described as a "village hall". The structure overlooks the main settlement and would have been about 20 metres (66 ft) wide and had walls 3 metres (9.8 ft) thick. During this excavation, a 4 cm lozenge-shaped figurine that is believed to be the earliest representation of a human face ever found in Scotland, now known as the Westray Wife (or Orkney Venus) was discovered. [7] The face has two dots for eyes, heavy brows and an oblong nose and a pattern of hatches on the body could represent clothing. Archaeologist Richard Strachan described it at the time as a find of "astonishing rarity".[8][9] This is the oldest carving of a human found in the British Isles.[10] Further figurines were subsequently found at the site, in 2010 and in 2012, a situation described as "unprecedented" by Culture Minister Fiona Hyslop.[11][12] Four figurines have been found, together with other artefacts.
Later excavations, along with geophysical and topographical surveys, have revealed additional structural remains, increasing the number of probable Neolithic buildings to six and the number of Bronze Age buildings to eight. Many Neolithic artefacts have been found, including polished stone axes, worked bone objects, and grooved ware pottery. [8]
Historic Environment Scotland established the site as a scheduled monument in 1993.[5] The site is in the care of Historic Scotland.[13] The excavations won 'Best Rescue Dig' of the year in the 2014 Current Archaeology awards.[14]
Several of the figurines and other artefacts from the site can be seen at Westray Heritage Centre and the excavation is open seasonally (free of charge).[15]
See also
editFootnotes
edit- ^ "Knowe of Queen o'Howe, broch, Westray". Ancient Monuments. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
- ^ "Links of Notland: On the Island of Westray, Orkney". Historic Environment Scotland. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
- ^ "Sands of Time: Domestic Rituals at the Links of Noltland". Current Archaeology. Retrieved 16 November 2015.
- ^ "Westray, Links of Noltland". Canmore: National Record of the Historic Environment. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
- ^ a b "Links of Noltland, settlements". Historic Environment Scotland. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
- ^ "News Article". www.historic-scotland.gov.uk. Retrieved 16 November 2015.
- ^ "Orkney Venus closes in on key prize 5,000 years after Neolithic creation". The Scotsman. 16 June 2010. Retrieved 16 June 2010.
- ^ a b Sweeney, Charlene. "Orkney Dig Finds 5000 year old village hall". The Financial Times. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
- ^ Urquhart, Frank (21 August 2009). "Face to face with the 5,000-year-old 'first Scot'". Edinburgh: The Scotsman. Retrieved 22 August 2009.
- ^ "Orkney Venus". Historic Scotland. Retrieved 16 June 2010.
- ^ "Third 5,000-year-old figurine found at Orkney dig". BBC News. 28 August 2012. Retrieved 28 August 2012.
- ^ "Second Orkney Venus found at Orkney dig". BBC. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
- ^ Lewis, Caroline (December 2007) "Archaeologists Find Mysterious Neolithic Structure in Orkney Links of Noltland Dig" culture24.org.uk. Retrieved 23 November 2009
- ^ "Current Archaeology in the Press". Current Archaeology. Retrieved 16 November 2015.
- ^ "Links of Noltland". www.facebook.com. Retrieved 16 November 2015.
