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In Romano-British worship, the local god Antenociticus, also recorded as "Anociticus" at the same temple site in Benwell, was possibly worshipped as source of inspiration and intercession in military affairs.
Centres of worship
editCondercum
editAntenociticus appears at only one site in Britain, the fort of Condercum, on Hadrian's Wall, where three altars to the god were found within the ruins of a small temple. This god is not mentioned on any known Roman altar stones from the continent, and is therefore thought to be a native British deity. The fact that the god is revered at Benwell (1327 [et Num Aug], 1328, 1329 [c.AD175-7]) by a legionary legate, the tribune of an auxiliary infantry cohort and the prefect[broken anchor] of an auxiliary cavalry ala, lends credence to this assumption, and perhaps proves that the god was not transferred here as the patron deity of an auxiliary regiment.[1]
The sandstone head of the statue of Antenociticus was discovered in 1862 at the temple in Benwell. A torc can be seen around the neck, and the hair on the head curls forward so as to resemble two horns. Parts of the lower leg and forearm of the statue were also found, indicating that a life-sized statue of the god once stood in the temple.
The small temple of Antenociticus stands in the vicus (civilian settlement) outside Benwell (Condercum) Fort, one of 13 permanent forts added to the line of Hadrian's Wall during its construction. The temple was built in about AD 178-80, probably to mark the promotion of the Roman cavalry prefect who dedicated one of three altars in the temple to Antenociticus. It is thought Antenociticus was possibly worshipped as a source of inspiration and intercession in military matters. Antenociticus is not mentioned at any other Romano-British site or on any inscriptions from the Continent, hence his identification as a local deity.[2]
The head of Antenociticus and the temple altars, formerly displayed at the Museum of Antiquities at Newcastle University, can now be seen at the Great North Museum in the same city of Newcastle.[3]
Binchester
editArchaeologists have speculated that a similar sandstone head, unearthed at Binchester Roman Fort near Bishop Auckland in 2013, may also be of Antenociticus.[4][5]
Sources
edit
- Museum of Antiquities, Newcastle Upon Tyne, England [1] Dead link, Current main link for same museum: http://www.newcastle-antiquaries.org.uk - An archived version of the old page from April 2009 can be seen here: [2]
- "CONDERCVM Hadrian's Wall Fort and Settlement".
- Ross, A (1967): Pagan Celtic Britain: Studies in Iconography and Tradition. [Academy Chicago Publishers; New edition of Revised edition (15 Jan 1996)]
- "BBC News "Head of 'Geordie Roman god' found at Binchester"". BBC. 2013. Retrieved 4 July 2013.
References
edit- ^ Paul Bidwell. "HISTORY OF BENWELL ROMAN TEMPLE: THE TEMPLE AND ITS DEDICATIONS". Archived from the original on 3 December 2016. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
- ^ Archaeologists unearth carved head of Roman god in ancient rubbish dump Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Durham University Press Release.
- ^ West End Stories: West End Stories: The Roman God of Benwell - Antenociticus[permanent dead link] Andrew Parkin from the Great North Museum talks about the Roman God of Benwell, Antenociticus. Accessed online May 14, 2015
- ^ Archaeologists Unearth Carved Head of Roman God in Ancient Rubbish Dump Archived 7 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Science Daily, July 4, 2013
- ^ Archaeologists find ancient stone head which could be Roman Geordie god: Discovery at Roman fort near Bishop Auckland, County Durham, thought to be a local war god from 1,800 years ago Archived 22 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine Published online Wednesday 3 July 2013 19.01 EDT by Guardian News and Media Limited. Accessed online April 3, 2015