Boris Alekseyevich Golitsyn

This article is about politician. For other uses, see Boris Golitsyn.

Boyar Boris Alexeyevich Golitsyn (surname sometimes transcribed Galitzin, Russian: Голи́цын, romanized: Golitsyn, IPA: [ɡɐˈlʲitsɨn]; 1654–1714) was a Russian politician of the noble Golitsyn family. His chief political opponent was his own cousin Prince Vasily Vasilyevich Golitsyn.

Boyar Boris Alekseyevich Golitsyn
Russian: Борис Алексеевич Голицын
Portrait by Stepan Alexandrovsky
Head of the Kazan Prikaz
In office 1683–1708
Preceded by	Yakov Nikitich Odoevsky
Succeeded by	Prikaz was abolished in 1708
Personal details
Born	30 July [O.S. 20 July] 1654 Tsardom of Russia
Died	29 October [O.S. 18 October] 1714 (aged 60) Monastery "Florishcheva Pustyn", Kazan province, Tsardom of Russia
Children	10

Life

Boris was a court chamberlain since 1676. He was the young tsar Peter the Great's tutor and chief supporter when, in 1689, Peter resisted the usurpations of his elder half sister Sophia, and the head of the loyal council which assembled at the Trinity monastery during the crisis of the struggle. It was Golitsyn who suggested taking refuge in that strong fortress and won over the boyars of the opposite party.

The church in Dubrovitsy. The political views of Prince Boris Golitsyn were reflected in the pro-Western architecture of his estate Dubrovitsy

Astrakhan Cathedral, built at the urging of Boris Golitsyn in 1700–1710

In 1690 he was created a boyar and shared with Lev Naryshkin, Peter's uncle, the conduct of home affairs. After the death of the tsaritsa Natalia, Peter's mother, in 1694, his influence increased still further. The estate Bolshiye Vyazyomy was given to him; since then Vyazyomy remained the ancestral estate of the Golitsyns, although Boris rarely came to Vyazyomy preferring to live at the Dubrovitsy estate (near Podolsk), which came from his wife's family. From 1690 to 1704, in the Dubrovitsy estate, he led the construction of a stone Church of the Theotokos of the Sign. His son Vasily (1681-1710) inherited the estate.

He accompanied Peter to the White Sea (1694–1695); he took part in the Azov campaign (1695); and was one of the triumvirate who ruled Russia during Peters first foreign tour (1697–1698) to Holland and England. The Astrakhan rebellion (1706), which affected all the districts under his government, shook Peter's confidence in him, and seriously impaired his position. In 1707 he was superseded in the Volgan provinces by Andrei Matveev. A year before his death he entered a monastery.

Golitsyn was a typical representative of Russian society of the end of the 17th century leaning towards Westernism. In many respects he was far in advance of his time. He was highly educated, spoke Latin with graceful fluency, frequented the society of scholars and had his children carefully educated according to the best European models. Yet this eminent, superior personage was an habitual drunkard, an uncouth savage who intruded upon the hospitality of wealthy foreigners, and was not ashamed to seize upon any dish he took a fancy to, and send it home to his wife. It was his reckless drunkenness which ultimately ruined him in the estimation of Peter the Great, despite his previous inestimable services.

The Polish diplomat Foy de la Neuville visited Moscow at the end of 1689 and hosted a banquet for two Russian nobles, Golitsyn and Matveev, who had long wanted to try French roast. Both nobles were so pleased with this meal that they sent several plates to their wives. Three days after this banquet, Matveev invited Foy de la Neuville to dine at his house, where Neuville was received with great dignity.

References

Attribution

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Bain, Robert Nisbet (1911). "Golitsuin, Boris Aleksyeevich". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 225.