The following is a list of countries which Croatia has established diplomatic relations with since the declaration of independence by the Croatian Parliament on 25 June 1991.[1]
History
editCroatia and Slovenia declared independence from the SFR Yugoslavia on 25 June 1991. On the next day, the newly independent countries mutually recognised each other.
At the time of dissolution of Yugoslavia, dissolution of the Soviet Union was happening as well. Ukraine and Baltic states, first of them being Lithuania, recognised Croatia in 1991. However, Ukraine was at the time only partially recognised. Despite that, Ukraine has been the first UN member state to recognise Croatia.
The international community did not immediately recognise the dissolution of Yugoslavia or the independence of its constituent republics, and during 1991 the Croatian War of Independence started.
Two countries that prevailed in diplomatic efforts for the international recognition of Croatia were the Holy See and Germany. Vatican diplomacy, as the world's first, announced on October 3, 1991 that it was working on the Croatian international recognition.[2]
Iceland recognised Croatian independence on 19 December 1991.[3] On the same day, Germany announced its intention to recognise Croatia which was to come into effect on 15 January 1992. Italy, Sweden and the Holy See also announced their intention of recognition. Holy See recognised Croatia on 13 January, and San Marino on 14 January 1992.
On 15 January 1992, Croatia was recognised by all 12 members of the European Economic Community (the predecessor of the European Union) as well as by Austria, Canada, Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Malta, Norway and Switzerland. By the end of January 1992, Croatia was recognised by 44 countries. Therefore, 15 January is celebrated in Croatia as the Day of International Recognition.
Russia recognised Croatia in February, Japan in March, the United States in April, and India in May 1992.
At the session of the United Nations General Assembly held on 22 May 1992, which was chaired by Saudi ambassador Sinan Shihabi, Croatia was, alongside Slovenia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, admitted to the membership of the United Nations. Croatia's UN delegation was led by the Croatian President Franjo Tuđman. After a solemn session, United Nations Secretary-General Boutros Boutros Ghali sent delegations from the new UN members states to the main entrance of the UN headquarters, where Croatian, Slovenian and Bosnian-Herzegovinian flags were erected on the masts. Many diplomats and thousands of Croatian emigrants attended flag hoisting ceremony.[4]
By 31 December 1995, Croatia was recognised by 124 countries.[5] On 9 September 1995, Croatia and FR Yugoslavia concluded a Mutual Reconciliation Agreement which included mutual recognition, and established diplomatic relations on 23 August 1996.[6] Among them are all G20 member states that recognized Croatia.
Chronology
editChronological review of countries having established diplomatic relations with Croatia:[7]
| Country | Date | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 |  Germany |
15 January 1992 |
| 2 |  Austria |
15 January 1992 |
| 3 |  Italy |
17 January 1992 |
| 4 |  Hungary |
18 January 1992 |
| 5 |  Sweden |
29 January 1992 |
| 6 |  Switzerland |
30 January 1992 |
| 7 |  Denmark |
1 February 1992 |
| 8 |  Portugal |
3 February 1992 |
| 9 |  Liechtenstein |
4 February 1992 |
| 10 |  Slovenia |
6 February 1992 |
| – |  Holy See
|
8 February 1992 |
| 11 |  Netherlands |
11 February 1992 |
| 12 |  Australia |
13 February 1992 |
| 13 |  Latvia |
14 February 1992 |
| 14 |  Ukraine |
18 February 1992 |
| 15 |  Finland |
19 February 1992 |
| 16 |  Norway |
20 February 1992 |
| 17 |  New Zealand |
25 February 1992 |
| 18 |  Estonia |
2 March 1992 |
| 19 |  Spain |
9 March 1992 |
| 20 |  Belgium |
10 March 1992 |
| 21 |  Paraguay |
13 March 1992 |
| 22 |  Lithuania |
18 March 1992 |
| 23 |  Macedonia |
30 March 1992 |
| 24 |  Poland |
11 April 1992 |
| 25 |  Argentina |
13 April 1992 |
| 26 |  Chile |
15 April 1992 |
| 27 |  Iran |
18 April 1992 |
| 28 |  France |
24 April 1992 |
| 29 |  Luxembourg |
29 April 1992 |
| 30 |  Malaysia |
4 May 1992 |
| 31 |  People's Republic of China |
13 May 1992 |
| 32 |  Russia |
25 May 1992 |
| 33 |  United Arab Emirates |
23 June 1992 |
| 34 |  United Kingdom |
24 June 1992 |
| 35 |  Morocco |
26 June 1992 |
| 36 |  Iceland |
30 June 1992 |
| 37 |  Malta |
30 June 1992 |
| 38 |  India
|
9 July 1992 |
| 39 |  Sudan
|
17 July 1992 |
| 40 |  Greece
|
20 July 1992 |
| 41 |  Moldova |
20 July 1992 |
| 42 |  Bosnia and Herzegovina |
21 July 1992 |
| 43 |  United States |
11 August 1992 |
| 44 |  Bulgaria |
13 August 1992 |
| 45 |  Albania |
25 August 1992 |
| 46 |  Turkey |
26 August 1992 |
| 47 |  Romania |
29 August 1992 |
| 48 |  Indonesia |
3 September 1992 |
| 49 |  Thailand |
9 September 1992 |
| 50 |  Cuba |
23 September 1992 |
| 51 |  Belarus |
25 September 1992 |
| 52 |  Egypt |
1 October 1992 |
| 53 |  Algeria |
15 October 1992 |
| 54 |  Kazakhstan |
20 October 1992 |
| 55 |  South Korea |
18 November 1992 |
| 56 |  South Africa |
19 November 1992 |
| 57 |  Singapore |
23 November 1992 |
| 58 |  Bolivia |
26 November 1992 |
| 59 |  North Korea |
30 November 1992 |
| 60 |  Qatar |
5 December 1992 |
| 61 |  Mexico |
6 December 1992 |
| 62 |  Guatemala |
22 December 1992 |
| – |  Sovereign Military Order of Malta |
22 December 1992[8] |
| 63 |  Brazil
|
23 December 1992 |
| 64 |  Czech Republic |
1 January 1993[a] |
| 65 |  Slovakia |
1 January 1993[a] |
| 66 |  Nigeria |
7 January 1993 |
| 67 |  Peru |
12 January 1993 |
| 68 |  Yemen |
17 January 1993 |
| 69 |  Bahrain |
18 January 1993 |
| 70 |  Tunisia |
18 January 1993 |
| 71 |  Georgia |
1 February 1993 |
| 72 |  Cyprus |
4 February 1993 |
| 73 |  Venezuela |
8 February 1993 |
| 74 |  San Marino |
11 February 1993 |
| 75 |  Ghana |
17 February 1993 |
| 76 |  Philippines |
25 February 1993 |
| 77 |  Japan |
5 March 1993 |
| 78 |  Mongolia |
10 March 1993 |
| 79 |  Canada |
14 April 1993 |
| 80 |  Uruguay |
4 May 1993 |
| 81 |  Sao Tome and Principe |
23 May 1993 |
| 82 |  Tanzania |
2 July 1993 |
| 83 |  Togo |
20 December 1993 |
| 84 |  Western Samoa |
8 March 1994 |
| 85 |  Jordan |
29 June 1994 |
| 86 |  Vietnam |
1 July 1994 |
| 87 |  Pakistan |
20 July 1994 |
| 88 |  Cape Verde |
19 August 1994 |
| 89 |  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines |
7 October 1994 |
| 90 |  Kuwait |
8 October 1994 |
| 91 |  Angola |
16 November 1994 |
| 92 |  Lebanon |
5 December 1994 |
| 93 |  Azerbaijan |
26 January 1995 |
| 94 |  Ireland |
27 January 1995 |
| 95 |  Uzbekistan |
6 February 1995 |
| 96 |  Colombia |
25 April 1995 |
| 97 |  Andorra |
28 April 1995 |
| 98 |  Burkina Faso |
18 May 1995 |
| 99 |  Saudi Arabia |
8 June 1995 |
| 100 |  Zambia |
20 September 1995 |
| 101 |  Ethiopia |
17 October 1995 |
| 102 |  Ivory Coast |
17 October 1995 |
| 103 |  Costa Rica |
19 October 1995 |
| 104 |  Guinea-Bissau |
19 October 1995 |
| 105 |  Afghanistan |
3 January 1996 |
| 106 |  Belize |
23 January 1996 |
| 107 |  Ecuador |
22 February 1996 |
| 108 |  Laos |
4 March 1996 |
| 109 |  Nicaragua |
29 March 1996 |
| 110 |  Panama |
12 June 1996 |
| 111 |  Turkmenistan |
2 July 1996 |
| 112 |  Armenia |
8 July 1996 |
| 113 |  Mozambique |
23 August 1996 |
| 114 |  FR Yugoslavia |
9 September 1996 |
| 115 |  Cambodia |
10 September 1996 |
| 116 |  Jamaica |
9 October 1996 |
| 117 |  Kyrgyzstan |
23 December 1996 |
| 118 |  Sri Lanka |
14 February 1997 |
| 119 |  Maldives |
8 April 1997 |
| 120 |  Oman |
30 June 1997 |
| 121 |  Barbados |
11 July 1997 |
| 122 |  Fiji |
14 July 1997 |
| 123 |  El Salvador |
24 July 1997 |
| 124 |  Syria |
29 August 1997 |
| 125 |  Mauritius |
3 September 1997 |
| 126 |  Israel |
4 September 1997 |
| 127 |  Seychelles |
30 September 1997 |
| 128 |  Senegal |
1 October 1997 |
| 129 |  Papua New Guinea |
5 December 1997 |
| 130 |  Guinea |
8 December 1997 |
| 131 |  Saint Lucia |
10 December 1997 |
| 132 |  Suriname |
17 December 1997 |
| 133 |  Bangladesh |
18 December 1997 |
| 134 |  Nepal |
6 February 1998 |
| 135 |  Brunei |
1 May 1998 |
| 136 |  Namibia |
22 June 1998 |
| 137 |  Gambia |
16 October 1998 |
| 138 |  Lesotho |
6 November 1998 |
| 139 |  Malawi |
13 November 1998 |
| 140 |  Zimbabwe |
12 February 1999 |
| 141 |  Uganda |
10 March 1999 |
| 142 |  Tajikistan |
1 April 1999 |
| 143 |  Eritrea |
4 June 1999 |
| 144 |  Antigua and Barbuda |
15 June 1999 |
| 145 |  Comoros |
29 June 1999 |
| 146 |  Myanmar |
3 September 1999 |
| 147 |  Chad |
17 September 1999 |
| 148 |  Honduras |
20 September 1999 |
| 149 |  Federated States of Micronesia |
29 September 1999 |
| 150 |  Haiti |
15 October 1999 |
| 151 |  Libya |
30 March 2000 |
| 152 |  Vanuatu |
18 April 2000 |
| 153 |  Grenada |
19 May 2000 |
| 154 |  Nauru |
4 December 2000 |
| 155 |  Dominican Republic |
5 February 2001 |
| 156 |  Benin |
26 March 2001 |
| 157 |  Mali |
13 September 2001 |
| 158 |  Gabon |
22 October 2001 |
| 159 |  Cameroon |
18 October 2002 |
| 160 |  Timor-Leste |
5 February 2003 |
| 161 |  Guyana |
25 February 2003 |
| 162 |  Sierra Leone |
23 July 2003 |
| 163 |  Mauritania |
24 November 2004 |
| 164 |  Kenya |
1 December 2004 |
| 165 |  Iraq |
4 January 2005 |
| 166 |  Botswana |
9 September 2005 |
| 167 |  Montenegro |
7 July 2006 |
| 168 |  Madagascar |
27 September 2006 |
| 169 |  Republic of the Congo |
10 May 2007 |
| 170 |  Democratic Republic of the Congo |
18 October 2007 |
| 171 |  Equatorial Guinea
|
19 October 2007 |
| 172 |  Monaco |
14 December 2007 |
| – |  Kosovo |
30 June 2008 |
| 173 |  Trinidad and Tobago |
14 December 2011 |
| 174 |  Solomon Islands |
18 April 2012 |
| 175 |  Dominica |
30 April 2013 |
| 176 |  Palau |
26 September 2015 |
| 177 |  Saint Kitts and Nevis |
27 May 2016 |
| 178 |  Kiribati |
26 August 2016 |
| 179 |  Bahamas |
31 January 2017 |
| 180 |  Djibouti |
22 May 2017 |
| 181 |  Rwanda |
15 February 2018 |
| 182 |  Eswatini |
5 April 2019 |
| 183 |  Marshall Islands |
24 September 2019 |
| 184 |  Tuvalu |
2 November 2020 |
| 185 |  Burundi |
14 May 2021 |
| 186 |  South Sudan |
16 November 2021[9] |
| 187 |  Somalia |
4 February 2022 |
| 188 |  Central African Republic |
18 September 2023 |
| 189 |  Liberia |
26 September 2024 |
- ^ a b Predecessor state Czechoslovakia recognized Croatia on 16 January 1992.
No relations
editSovereign states which do not maintain diplomatic relations with Croatia:
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Hrvatski sabor". www.sabor.hr. Archived from the original on 2015-11-17. Retrieved 2017-10-10.
- ^ "Tri rođendana: Svaki datum ima povijesno značenje za Hrvatsku".
- ^ Erceg, Artur. "Pravni fakultet Split - Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta u Splitu". www.pravst.unist.hr. Faculty of Law, University of Split.
- ^ "Hrvatska primljena u punopravno članstvo UN-a".
- ^ "Hrvatski memorijalno-dokumentacijski centar Domovinskog rata". www.centardomovinskograta.hr. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2017-10-10.
- ^ Zlatko (2010-10-04). "ZAKON | O POTVRĐIVANJU SPORAZUMA O NORMALIZACIJI ODNOSA IZMEĐU REPUBLIKE HRVATSKE I SAVEZNE REPUBLIKE JUGOSLAVIJE" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2017-10-10.
- ^ "Bilateral relations - Date of Recognition and Establishment of Diplomatic Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Croatia. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
- ^ "MVPEI". Archived from the original on 2010-08-13. Retrieved 2011-12-18.
- ^ Sudan, South (16 November 2021). "Diplomatic Relations Between Croatia and South Sudan as of 16 Nov. 2021". Retrieved 1 December 2021.