-ακός

See also: -άκος, ἄκος, and Appendix:Variations of "akos"

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From -κός (-kós) with an added α from ā-stems and later extended to other nouns. Cognate with Proto-Celtic *-ākos (whence Old Irish -ach and Welsh -og) and Proto-Germanic *-agaz (whence Old Norse -agr and Gothic -𐌰𐌲𐍃 (-ags)).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /a.kós/ → /aˈkos/ → /aˈkos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /a.kós/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /aˈkos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /aˈkos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /aˈkos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /aˈkos/

Suffix

-ᾰκός • (-akós) m (feminine -ᾰκή, neuter -ᾰκόν); first/second declension

1. Added to noun stems to form adjectives: of or pertaining to, in the manner of; -ac

   ‎καρδίᾱ (kardíā) + ‎-ακός (-akós) → ‎καρδιακός (kardiakós)

   ‎Αἰγύπτιος (Aigúptios) + ‎-ακός (-akós) → ‎Αἰγυπτιακός (Aiguptiakós)

Inflection

First and second declension of -ᾰκός; -ᾰκή; -ᾰκόν (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		-ᾰκός -akós	-ᾰκή -akḗ	-ᾰκόν -akón		-ᾰκώ -akṓ	-ᾰκᾱ́ -akā́	-ᾰκώ -akṓ		-ᾰκοί -akoí	-ᾰκαί -akaí	-ᾰκᾰ́ -aká
Genitive		-ᾰκοῦ -akoû	-ᾰκῆς -akês	-ᾰκοῦ -akoû		-ᾰκοῖν -akoîn	-ᾰκαῖν -akaîn	-ᾰκοῖν -akoîn		-ᾰκῶν -akôn	-ᾰκῶν -akôn	-ᾰκῶν -akôn
Dative		-ᾰκῷ -akôi	-ᾰκῇ -akêi	-ᾰκῷ -akôi		-ᾰκοῖν -akoîn	-ᾰκαῖν -akaîn	-ᾰκοῖν -akoîn		-ᾰκοῖς -akoîs	-ᾰκαῖς -akaîs	-ᾰκοῖς -akoîs
Accusative		-ᾰκόν -akón	-ᾰκήν -akḗn	-ᾰκόν -akón		-ᾰκώ -akṓ	-ᾰκᾱ́ -akā́	-ᾰκώ -akṓ		-ᾰκούς -akoús	-ᾰκᾱ́ς -akā́s	-ᾰκᾰ́ -aká
Vocative		-ᾰκέ -aké	-ᾰκή -akḗ	-ᾰκόν -akón		-ᾰκώ -akṓ	-ᾰκᾱ́ -akā́	-ᾰκώ -akṓ		-ᾰκοί -akoí	-ᾰκαί -akaí	-ᾰκᾰ́ -aká
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		-ᾰκῶς -akôs				-ᾰκώτερος -akṓteros				-ᾰκώτᾰτος -akṓtatos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

Ancient Greek terms suffixed with -ακός

Descendants

• Greek: -ακός (-akós)
• → Latin: -acus
  • → English: -ac

Further reading

• Smyth, Herbert Weir (1920) “Part III: Formation of Words”, in A Greek grammar for colleges, Cambridge: American Book Company, § 858