So far, the mechanism of why higher body temperature increases the risk of SIDS is unknown but neuronal noise and brief arousals could be a key.
"We think that SIDS can occur when as a result of higher temperature, neuronal noise levels and the associated probability for arousals are low," said Dvir.
Yue et al .[sup][3] observed that EEG
arousals fragment sleep and affect sleep quality, causing daytime sleepiness, restlessness, inattention, poor school performance, and development of aggressive personality traits.
Based on the above mentioned data we can assume that, in ADNFLE, the hyper functioning mesopontine cholinergic pathway chronically overactivate the LDT and consequently the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, by initiating
arousals, activate different epileptic and non epileptic events.
Bats lose 2-3.2% of their body weight during one
arousal (Daan 1972, Boyles & Brack 2009), so additional, externally induced,
arousals are an unwelcome burden on their energy budget.
These are disorders of
arousal, partial
arousal, and sleep-stage transition.
Sleepwalking may be preceded by confusional
arousals or sleep terrors (2,3).
In both the subjects with GERD and the healthy control subjects who had taken placebo, a nocturnal acid reflux event caused
arousal or awakening 89% of the time.
Further, it was determined that while living in a smoking household did not increase the chances that an infant would snore, it did increase the risk of that snoring causing
arousals. Among the infants who snored, but did not have
arousals, 50% lived in a household were either parent smoked.
Another alternative definition for hypopnea is a drop in the flow excursion by ≥50% of baseline for at least 10 s, associated with ≥3% desaturation from pre-event baseline and/or
arousal. Microarousal was scored according to the criteria of cortical EEG
arousal >3 s and <15 s; awake was defined as a cortical EEG
arousal ≥15 s.
"Those babies whose mothers smoked did not have as many
arousals overall and the progression of the
arousal response through the brain was also impaired.
Non-REM parasomnias, also termed "
arousal disorders", such as Confusional
Arousals, Sleep Terrors, or Sleep Walking can be considered "primary sleep disorders" or "secondary" when associated with an identifiable cause such as a seizure disorder, obstructive sleep apnea, nocturnal cardiac ischemia, or nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia, for example.
Definitions of hypopnea have varied, but all are based on the same parameters: a variably diminished airflow that results in a drop in oxygen saturation of a pre-established degree, a transient
arousal, or both.
"When bats are awakened from hibernation, they use up their store of winter fat needed to sustain them until their insect food source is available in the spring." One
arousal costs a bat as much energy as it would need for two or three weeks of hibernation.
