medium

The accounts of mediumism offered by Schrenck-Notzing and Mann

Mediumism; a philosophical reconstruction of modernism for existential learning.

Treitel finds the "application" of occultism to halt spiritual entropy in diverse areas of Weimar Germany's cultural, intellectual, and social life: for example, in modern art and literature's concern with the expression of "intuitive experience" (Kandinsky and Rilke); in the "self-help" of psychological healing through understanding of "character" (astrology); in criminology ("criminal mediumism"); and in healing and restoring the body (alternative medicine).

A brief look at some ethnographical accounts of spirit-mediums [tang-ki] in Hokkien dialect areas will suffice to sketch this standard view of Chinese mediumism. Writing about late nineteenth century Amoy, Jan Jakob Maria de Groot states: It is generally asserted, that the capacity to be an animated medium for gods and spirits is no acquisition, but a gift which manifests itself spontaneously.

Peter Gorsen considers "The Entrance of Mediumism into the History of Art." His is the longest of the contemporary articles in the book, analyzing the relationship between psychoanalysis, parapsychological research, and mediumistic art, including how Breton's ideas on automatic productions shifted from purely psychological considerations to the proposal of a sacred realm.