A code for the growth form of each species is given immediately after its name (T = large tree, M = mediumsized tree, U = treelet, and S = shrub), followed by a dash, then zero to three codes indicating slope specialists (S), swamp specialists (W), and colonizers (C).
Variaton in pollinator assemblages in a fragmented landscape and its effects on reproductive stages of a self-incompatible treelet, Psychotria suterella (Rubiaceae).
Opler PA, Frankie GW, Baker HG (1980) Comparative phenological studies of treelet and shrub species in tropical wet and dry forests in the lowlands of Costa Rica.
Miconia albicans (Triana) is a treelet that reaches even 3 m in height, occurring in cerrado secondary vegetation, rocky outcrops and coastal formations (Goldenberg, 2004).
Animals disperse the seeds of most plant species in Neotropical wet forests, especially in the understory where about 98% of treelet and shrub species have fleshy fruits (e.g., Gentry 1982).
Medium to low values of reproductive synchrony (Z), presented by most of the Rubiaccae species studied, are usually described for treelet and shrubs from the understory of tropical forests (Opler et al.
The understory shrub or treelet Palicourea lasiorrachis Oersted (Rubiaceae), which is distylous and self-incompatible, relies almost exclusively on Lampornis for pollination (details in Feinsinger and Busby 1987, Feinsinger et al.
The life-form, or physiognamy, of the species was assigned to one of two categories: (1) tree (tree, treelet, and shrub) or (2) liana (woody climber, hemi-epiphyte, creeper).
For the stems, branches were analyzed from the apex to thickened regions corresponding to the woody portion of the branches (in the case of subshrubs, shrubs, treelets and trees), or stem axes were analyzed in their entire extension (in plants with caulirosula habit).