wane

This may be justified for squares with small wanes, but not for the squares with excessive wanes that were present in this material.

The effect of wanes on bending strength and MOE was analyzed by multiple regression analyses using [DELTA][W.sub.z] as an independent variable for bending strength and [DELTA][I.sub.z] as an independent variable for MOE.

The effect of wanes on bending strength is presented in Model 1.

The effect of wanes on MOE is presented in Model 2.

Wanes reduce the moment capacity of squares in bending, but the effect is smaller than one should expect from the loss of section, and it is of minor importance compared with the effects of density and relative knot diameter.

The effect of wanes on the bending strength of solid timber beams.

The previous studies that have compared round timber strength with square or rectangular timber have not taken wane into account.

The aim was to get squares with 2/3 sawn surfaces and 1/3 wane at the midpoint.

Squares were visually graded according to requirements for knots, grain angle, and annual ring width in INSTA 142 (Standards Norway 1997), both with and without taking wane into account (Table 4).

The beams were placed with the most wane facing downward toward the side that was subjected to tension stress during bending.