gall.

Hereford: PS1045.50 Gall. British Blue: PS1003.20 Isle of Dalton.

The distinct stages of an individual, i.e., larva, pupa and adult of the holometabolous organisms usually inhabit solitary galls, while for the hemimetabolous, distinct generations may cohabit a colonial gall. Among the holometabolous, the Diptera: Cecidomyiidae and Hymenoptera: Cynipidae induce the most diverse galls (Espirito-Santo & Fernandes, 2007), which are histologically and histochemically peculiar (Wells, 1920; Rohfritsch, 1992; Harris, 1994; Stone & Schonrogge, 2003; Ferreira & Isaias, 2014).

On the other hand, cecidophages may coexist with inducers by feeding internally or externally on the gall, and are lethal only when feeding on too much gall tissue, killing the inducer by starvation, or inadvertently opening up the gall. Kleptoparasitism is the only interaction where there is no possibility of coexistence with the inducer (Luz et al.

The structural changes provoked by gall-induction deviate from the normal ontogenetical functions of the host leaves, although one of the primary functions of the leaves, photosynthesis, remains at low levels in this new organ, the gall.

For parasitism, another two variables were considered: parasitoid presence/absence inside galls and the percentage of parasitized cells in each gall. All five variables are binomial.

Biology, phenology and population trends: These parasitoids completed egg to adult development within host gall. After completing development adults emerged from the galls.

Gall coalescence causes great differences in size final gall. Before pupating, larva feeds on plant tissues, widening the chamber and opening an escape channel up to gall epidermis.

Although he claims to write a biography of Gall, more text and topical emphasis is devoted to the life of Sitting Bull and other Lakota leaders than to Gall. Granted, the focus on Sitting Bull and men such as John Grass and Red Cloud stems from the relative wealth of information on those leaders and the paucity of archival material on Gall.

Tip: Since these galls form early in the summer, they tend to be found low on the goldenrod stem and can also be identified by a small circular patch near the top end of the gall.

Gall, who has been formerly president/chief executive officer of Western Sierra Bancorp, succeeds Judy Hess, who remains with the bank as chief banking Officer working directly with Gall.

Around 70 people attended a 100th birthday celebration in July-for-former Seddon Memorial Hospital nurse Lily Gall. One of four birthday celebrations she attended, the party was organised by her-former NZNA colleagues.