sphingid

Patterns of richness, composition, and distribution of sphingid moths along an elevational gradient in the Andes-Amazon region of southeastern Peru.

Concentrations of lowland sphingid and noctuid moths at high mountain passes in eastern Mexico.

This non-ornithophilous species were further divided into mellitophilous (flowers adapted for bee pollination), sphingophilous (flowers adapted for sphingid pollination) and chiropterophilous (flowers adapted for bat pollination) species, according to the floral characteristics described by Faegri and Pijl (1980), and entomophilous, which is a species that can be pollinated by insects of two or more taxonomic groups.

Nocturnal floral visitors include many moth species (sphingid, noctuid, and geometrid moths), while diurnal pollinators include honeybees, bumblebees, butterflies, and some fly species (Altizer et al., 1998; Golonka, pers.

Hietz & Hietz-Seifert (1994) suggest sphingid moths as the most likely visitors, because of their long spreading stamina and pistil exerted from an open actinomorphic flower.

Beutelspacher (1972), e.g., recorded a decrease in >50% of the sphingid fauna during 1939-1969.

Likewise, sphingid caterpillars represent 70% of the biomass fed by trogons, Trogon elegans, to their nestlings, and 98% of the sphingid prey were the last (largest) instar (Janzen 1993).

After his death, a sphingid (Sphinx) moth with such a tongue was discovered.

Instantaneous measurements of oxygen consumption during pre-flight warm-up and post-flight cooling in sphingid and saturniid moths.

Mark Fleming, WMA Manager, reported to the authors that he found a single sphingid larva in his garden, and he identified the larva as Manduca quinquemaculata based on images he found on the World Wide Web.

SPHINGID BIODIVERSITY AT FIVE NORTHWEST MISSOURI PRAIRIES.

Although this appeared to be the sole host plant of most of the caterpillars, the sphingid Erinnyis ello was reported to feed upon three or more latex-rich tree species (Janzen, 1988).