SDG#1 and #13 No poverty and Climate Action by the year 2030 are interconnected and a good discus... more SDG#1 and #13 No poverty and Climate Action by the year 2030 are interconnected and a good discussion point at this conference. One priority action on poverty eradication is improving access to sustainable livelihoods, entrepreneurial opportunities and productive resources. Target 1.5 states that: "By 2030, build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations and reduce their exposure and vulnerability to climate-related extreme events and other economic, social and environmental shocks and disasters. Target 13.1: "Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate related disasters: Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters in all countries" and Target 13.3: "Build knowledge and capacity to meet climate change: improve education, awareness-raising and human and institutional capacity on climate change mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction and early warning." Agribusiness remains central to food security, job creation, and inclusive growth in many low-income countries. Targeting women and youth (the buttress of African population) for climate-smart agribusiness can help eradicate poverty and mitigate the climate challenge. We reflect on six ongoing projects at Maseno University that engage women and youth in agribusinesses by mitigating both poverty and climate challenge. The key lessons learnt can be replicated in other regions.
The International Journal of Business and Management, Aug 31, 2022
The term 'change management' refers to the planned, managed, or systematic implementation of chan... more The term 'change management' refers to the planned, managed, or systematic implementation of changes (Burns, 2018). The rate of change is so rapid, and the degree of obsolescence for organisations that resist change is so great that many individuals are forced to choose between embracing change and perishing. Due to technological, economic, political, and social upheavals, the business climate of the twenty-first century is characterised by rapid change (Lysons & Farrington, 2012). Resistance management is essential to effectively embrace new processes and systems in an ongoing organisation, which is the primary objective of this transformation. Consequently, managing change includes controlling its human impact (Carnall & Todnem, 2014). Researchers and practitioners differentiate a reactionary response from an anticipatory or proactive one. According to Senior and Swiles (2016), managers face resistance to change and respond to it differently depending on the circumstances and time period. Coercion is one of the methods used (Bremer & Lames, 2012). It involves employing force or threat to convince employees to accept or comply with a change that may be implicit or explicit. It includes harassment, bullying, and using direct or indirect threats to engender fear. Education and effective communication are further alternatives (Balogun, Gustafsson, and Hailey, 2015). This strategy can be useful when employees lack information or are only partially aware of the various facets of a change. Because knowledge is power, employees will resist change if they lack sufficient knowledge or have incorrect or insufficient information about the various components of the change. Partners who are convinced of the necessity of change are more inclined to contribute to its successful implementation. Participation and involvement are change formulation methods emphasising consultation and collaboration with change implementers. It is typically encouraged, particularly when the change's initiators lack sufficient information to make and implement the change or when the employees have significant authority to reject it. The alternative option is to achieve a compromise and negotiate (Burnes, 2018). This process includes negotiations, deals, and sacrifices between resistance and management. The technique focuses on exchanging something good for less resistance to change. Managers can also employ strategies of coercion and manipulation. The focus is on convincing or swaying the personnel to approve the change. To persuade staff members to embrace the change, they may subtly attempt to: Conceal information,
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Oct 5, 2022
Despite growth of research publications, various meaning of knowledge and interpretations of supp... more Despite growth of research publications, various meaning of knowledge and interpretations of supply chain risk management (SCRM) have evolved and considerable differences between its theory and practice, hence necessitating thorough review in SCRM by concentrating on the research gaps. The main objective of this study paper was to determine the main themes and gaps in literature in the field of SCRM. The study employed a systematic literature methodology on peer reviewed articles in SCRM on five major publishing sites, Emerald, Science Direct, Springer, Taylor & Francis and JSTOR from the period 2006 to 2020. Studies were mined and explored using the keyword "supply chain risk management" in the titles and abstracts with a view to consider all journal articles. A total of 135 articles in 48 journals from the period 2006-2020 were mined revealing SCRM gaps in research. A simple affinity diagram grouped research gaps into themes. Analysis was carried out by an excel database. Interpretivism research philosophy was used to guide the study. Exploratory design was further adopted in the study. Gaps were identified in literature in the field of SCRM and relevant themes revealed. The review was based on only 5 journal publishers. Excluded articles, but which focused on SCRM practices is also a limitation of the present systematic review. Further scholarly work can adopt findings of this study in contributing to the existing body of knowledge. The study diverts from the previous scholarly works by presenting research gaps systematically and thematically. 1.0 INTRODUCTION The idea of SCRM has appeared to be among the key globally focused supply chain strategies over the last decade (Munir et al., 2020). Today manufacturing companies' supply chain operate under circumstances that are characterized by risks hence there is need for companies to investigate on the risks affecting the supply chain (Hamdi et al., (2018). SCRM has faced numerous predicaments given the difference in financial structures of economies, as well as globalization and this has l exposed supply chains to unprecedented risks (Gurtu and Johny, 2021). In order to mitigate these shorthauls, many organizations transform their traditional supply chain risk management styles (Gurtu and Johny, 2021) and come up with methods that drive improvements in an overall reduction of challenges, such as SCRM (Birkel & Hartmann, 2019). SCRM is an inter-organizational corrective responsibly geared towards managing risks in organizations by identifying, monitor and segmenting mitigation mechanisms against unexpected and unwanted happening which may heavily affect the operation ability of supply chain system and cause losses to organizations (Ho et al., 2015). In the same vein, Aqlan and Lam (2016) alludes that SCRM is a logical and organized mechanism of recognizing and alleviating happenings that may accrue to an organization and cause losses Carvalho Fagundes et al., (2020) agree that SCRM has received widespread attention and application. Specifically, the concept of SCRM has witnessed is a tremendous increase in the scholalry literature in. Due to an increase in the publications of research studies, systematic review articles on SCRM have also been documented (Prakash et al., 2017). Even though, diverse body of knowledge and interpretations of supply chain risk management have evolved (Munir et al, 2020) and the considerable differences between SCRM theory and practice (Bak, 2018) have caused confusion in their implementation (Heckmann, et al., 2015). Bak (2018) establish that there is need for a literature study reviewing extant literature in the field of SCRM focusing on research gaps, while similarly, Jüttner et al., (2010) agrees there is a growing importance to substantiate the foremost research agenda in SCRM that have not yet been explored. This systematic review study is different from preceding studies on SCRM which have been published. In detail, the preceding SCRM looked at study articles that concentrated on the following issues: the stages of SCRM and the main elements deviating from the previous
Resources like time, organizational efforts and materials require efficient management in order t... more Resources like time, organizational efforts and materials require efficient management in order to achieve greater outputs. Every organization need to reduce waste in these resources to the minimum possible so as to produce high quality services and products. The real estate industry has been evolving overtime from the traditional conventional bricks and mortar industry to be more dynamic and operational, focusing on access and outcomes rather than ownership. Investors who do not develop creative and cost-effective strategies of accessing operational experience and innovation are likely to have diminishing returns on their investments. This paper illustrates how efficiency in operations is influenced by how investors select a combination of their investment portfolio. The study reviews and analyses the concept of operational efficiency of real estate investment firms in Nairobi county and suggests ways in which it can be improved in future through strategic decision making. This article sought to establish the effect of strategic investment approaches on efficient performance of real estate investment firms in Kenya, the study period being 2018-2022. Strategic investment approaches were the independent variable and efficient performance the dependent variable thus analyzing the relationship between ESI Preprints September 2022 www.esipreprints.org 823 the two variables. Theoretical literature links strategic investment approaches to investment performance both positively and negatively with some scholars stating that there is a positive relationship between the two while other scholars contradicting. Correlational survey design and census sampling method were used to draw 231 registered real estate investment firms in Kenya's capital city of Nairobi. Primary data was gathered using structured questionnaires to collect data from 231 operations managers and analyzed by regression analysis. The findings of the study indicated that strategic investment approaches is positively correlated to efficient performance at (p<0.05) and R² of 60.3% indicating that 60.3% change in efficient performance is caused by strategic investment approaches while 39.7% will be explained by other factors. The study revealed that strategic investment approaches is a strong driver of operational efficiency thus recommends that the firm's strategic intelligence teams should proactively integrate strategic innovation and move away from the old ways of creating and managing real estate.
We define corruption and show how it is perpetrated by answering the question: Is Kenya a corrupt... more We define corruption and show how it is perpetrated by answering the question: Is Kenya a corrupt country. We provide evidence to show that in deed corruption is widespread in the country. We demonstrate that devolution has had positive effects in local communities, albeit, along with the corruption vice. We that Kenya has both legal and institutional frameworks to fight corruption.
European journal of management issues, Jun 25, 2022
The purpose of the study is to help firms use strategy as an important tool helping both manageme... more The purpose of the study is to help firms use strategy as an important tool helping both management and employees in control and evaluation of whether or not the institution's objectives are met. Design/Method/Approach: The researcher used an exploratory study design, and the data was collected through organised interviews via telephone to gather everything that is relevant for the study. Qualitative data collected was thereafter analysed by finding out similarities and differences among the responses collected from different institutions and conclusions made. Findings: The findings indicate that strategic management practices are useful predictor variables of performance. The composite R 2 value of .714 which indicates that 71.4% variation of performance in parastatals in Kenya is as a result of strategic management practices. Of these practices, strategy implementation had the highest impact on performance. The least was strategy evaluation. Theoretical Implications: Strategic fit theory was used to analyse the performance of each parastatal. The researcher then presented the data using a descriptive approach by the use of illustrative quotes. Practical Implications: The performance of parastatals is good with both employees and consumers reporting high levels of satisfaction. Originality/Value: To achieve any organizational goals, a parastatal needs to plan, formulate and implement. The document is to encourage top management in parastatals to practice strategic management as it will have a positive impact on performance in parastatals in Kenya. Research Limitations/Future Research: Like many research studies, a small group of 14 parastatals was examined, and conclusions were made basing on the findings from this sample. This brought about a generalization that was applied to all other subjects in the field. This generalization appeared somewhat unfair judgement about other parastatals from where participants were not selected because different institutions may have different cultures and levels of professionalism, practice and performance when it comes to matters of strategic management.
This study sought to determine the effect of the Youth Enterprise Development Fund (YEDF) on yout... more This study sought to determine the effect of the Youth Enterprise Development Fund (YEDF) on youth enterprises. The study location was in Siaya County, Kenya and stratified random sampling was used to select 28 financiers of YEDF and 202,897 youths in the County. The sample size constituted 128 respondents; 28 in the first stratum and 100 in the second stratum. The data was collected using survey questionnaires and analyzed through multiple linear regression analysis. The study concluded that the YEDF has not had a significant effect on youth enterprises. The study recommends an increase in the number of financial intermediaries (FIs) in partnership with the fund and an active involvement of all the stakeholders in mobilization of the youth on group formation and YEDF activities.
The study used the resource dependency theory to determine the strategic orientation that star-ra... more The study used the resource dependency theory to determine the strategic orientation that star-rated hotels in Ghana should adopt to realize both financial and non- financial performance. Out of a population of 680 star-rated hotel managers, a sample of 248 were chosen, using the stratified random sampling technique. Self- administered questionnaires were used to solicit the views of managers of the selected star-rated hotels. In all, a total of 178 responses were retrieved and analysed, using descriptive and partial least squares in structural equation modeling. Findings of the study indicate that none of the strategic orientation types influenced financial performance. However, aggressiveness, analytic, defensiveness, futuristic and riskiness were found to rather influence non-financial performance of star-rated hotels. The study, therefore, confirms the resource dependency theory and concludes that when star-rated hotels tend to be aggressive, analytic, futuristic and risky, it i...
Desk review of recently published articles on socioeconomic and environmental impacts of fall arm... more Desk review of recently published articles on socioeconomic and environmental impacts of fall armyworm and Striga weed at three stages of maize value chains in Kenya
Sustainable procurement sits under the umbrella of sustainability, which involves making decision... more Sustainable procurement sits under the umbrella of sustainability, which involves making decisions that maintain the right balance between the environment, society and economy to ensure long-term organizational success. Recent studies indicate that organizations have embraced sustainability in procurement processes however the balancing act is missing. Yet SP play key roles of minimal impact to environment, cost reduction, quality goods /services and service delivery to ensure organization achieve a competitive edge. The purpose of this study was to establish the best combination that organization can adapt to achieve sustainability. The objective of this study was to establish the balancing act of sustainability by finding out the best combination: (environmental and economic, social and economic, environmental and social or economic, environmental and social). Literature review was adopted as a method of the study. Six studies were reviewed and interpenetrated using aggregative me...
SDG#1 and #13 No poverty and Climate Action by the year 2030 are interconnected and a good discus... more SDG#1 and #13 No poverty and Climate Action by the year 2030 are interconnected and a good discussion point at this conference. One priority action on poverty eradication is improving access to sustainable livelihoods, entrepreneurial opportunities and productive resources. Target 1.5 states that: "By 2030, build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations and reduce their exposure and vulnerability to climate-related extreme events and other economic, social and environmental shocks and disasters. Target 13.1: "Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate related disasters: Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters in all countries" and Target 13.3: "Build knowledge and capacity to meet climate change: improve education, awareness-raising and human and institutional capacity on climate change mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction and early warning." Agribusiness remains central to food security, job creation, and inclusive growth in many low-income countries. Targeting women and youth (the buttress of African population) for climate-smart agribusiness can help eradicate poverty and mitigate the climate challenge. We reflect on six ongoing projects at Maseno University that engage women and youth in agribusinesses by mitigating both poverty and climate challenge. The key lessons learnt can be replicated in other regions.
The International Journal of Business and Management, Aug 31, 2022
The term 'change management' refers to the planned, managed, or systematic implementation of chan... more The term 'change management' refers to the planned, managed, or systematic implementation of changes (Burns, 2018). The rate of change is so rapid, and the degree of obsolescence for organisations that resist change is so great that many individuals are forced to choose between embracing change and perishing. Due to technological, economic, political, and social upheavals, the business climate of the twenty-first century is characterised by rapid change (Lysons & Farrington, 2012). Resistance management is essential to effectively embrace new processes and systems in an ongoing organisation, which is the primary objective of this transformation. Consequently, managing change includes controlling its human impact (Carnall & Todnem, 2014). Researchers and practitioners differentiate a reactionary response from an anticipatory or proactive one. According to Senior and Swiles (2016), managers face resistance to change and respond to it differently depending on the circumstances and time period. Coercion is one of the methods used (Bremer & Lames, 2012). It involves employing force or threat to convince employees to accept or comply with a change that may be implicit or explicit. It includes harassment, bullying, and using direct or indirect threats to engender fear. Education and effective communication are further alternatives (Balogun, Gustafsson, and Hailey, 2015). This strategy can be useful when employees lack information or are only partially aware of the various facets of a change. Because knowledge is power, employees will resist change if they lack sufficient knowledge or have incorrect or insufficient information about the various components of the change. Partners who are convinced of the necessity of change are more inclined to contribute to its successful implementation. Participation and involvement are change formulation methods emphasising consultation and collaboration with change implementers. It is typically encouraged, particularly when the change's initiators lack sufficient information to make and implement the change or when the employees have significant authority to reject it. The alternative option is to achieve a compromise and negotiate (Burnes, 2018). This process includes negotiations, deals, and sacrifices between resistance and management. The technique focuses on exchanging something good for less resistance to change. Managers can also employ strategies of coercion and manipulation. The focus is on convincing or swaying the personnel to approve the change. To persuade staff members to embrace the change, they may subtly attempt to: Conceal information,
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Oct 5, 2022
Despite growth of research publications, various meaning of knowledge and interpretations of supp... more Despite growth of research publications, various meaning of knowledge and interpretations of supply chain risk management (SCRM) have evolved and considerable differences between its theory and practice, hence necessitating thorough review in SCRM by concentrating on the research gaps. The main objective of this study paper was to determine the main themes and gaps in literature in the field of SCRM. The study employed a systematic literature methodology on peer reviewed articles in SCRM on five major publishing sites, Emerald, Science Direct, Springer, Taylor & Francis and JSTOR from the period 2006 to 2020. Studies were mined and explored using the keyword "supply chain risk management" in the titles and abstracts with a view to consider all journal articles. A total of 135 articles in 48 journals from the period 2006-2020 were mined revealing SCRM gaps in research. A simple affinity diagram grouped research gaps into themes. Analysis was carried out by an excel database. Interpretivism research philosophy was used to guide the study. Exploratory design was further adopted in the study. Gaps were identified in literature in the field of SCRM and relevant themes revealed. The review was based on only 5 journal publishers. Excluded articles, but which focused on SCRM practices is also a limitation of the present systematic review. Further scholarly work can adopt findings of this study in contributing to the existing body of knowledge. The study diverts from the previous scholarly works by presenting research gaps systematically and thematically. 1.0 INTRODUCTION The idea of SCRM has appeared to be among the key globally focused supply chain strategies over the last decade (Munir et al., 2020). Today manufacturing companies' supply chain operate under circumstances that are characterized by risks hence there is need for companies to investigate on the risks affecting the supply chain (Hamdi et al., (2018). SCRM has faced numerous predicaments given the difference in financial structures of economies, as well as globalization and this has l exposed supply chains to unprecedented risks (Gurtu and Johny, 2021). In order to mitigate these shorthauls, many organizations transform their traditional supply chain risk management styles (Gurtu and Johny, 2021) and come up with methods that drive improvements in an overall reduction of challenges, such as SCRM (Birkel & Hartmann, 2019). SCRM is an inter-organizational corrective responsibly geared towards managing risks in organizations by identifying, monitor and segmenting mitigation mechanisms against unexpected and unwanted happening which may heavily affect the operation ability of supply chain system and cause losses to organizations (Ho et al., 2015). In the same vein, Aqlan and Lam (2016) alludes that SCRM is a logical and organized mechanism of recognizing and alleviating happenings that may accrue to an organization and cause losses Carvalho Fagundes et al., (2020) agree that SCRM has received widespread attention and application. Specifically, the concept of SCRM has witnessed is a tremendous increase in the scholalry literature in. Due to an increase in the publications of research studies, systematic review articles on SCRM have also been documented (Prakash et al., 2017). Even though, diverse body of knowledge and interpretations of supply chain risk management have evolved (Munir et al, 2020) and the considerable differences between SCRM theory and practice (Bak, 2018) have caused confusion in their implementation (Heckmann, et al., 2015). Bak (2018) establish that there is need for a literature study reviewing extant literature in the field of SCRM focusing on research gaps, while similarly, Jüttner et al., (2010) agrees there is a growing importance to substantiate the foremost research agenda in SCRM that have not yet been explored. This systematic review study is different from preceding studies on SCRM which have been published. In detail, the preceding SCRM looked at study articles that concentrated on the following issues: the stages of SCRM and the main elements deviating from the previous
Resources like time, organizational efforts and materials require efficient management in order t... more Resources like time, organizational efforts and materials require efficient management in order to achieve greater outputs. Every organization need to reduce waste in these resources to the minimum possible so as to produce high quality services and products. The real estate industry has been evolving overtime from the traditional conventional bricks and mortar industry to be more dynamic and operational, focusing on access and outcomes rather than ownership. Investors who do not develop creative and cost-effective strategies of accessing operational experience and innovation are likely to have diminishing returns on their investments. This paper illustrates how efficiency in operations is influenced by how investors select a combination of their investment portfolio. The study reviews and analyses the concept of operational efficiency of real estate investment firms in Nairobi county and suggests ways in which it can be improved in future through strategic decision making. This article sought to establish the effect of strategic investment approaches on efficient performance of real estate investment firms in Kenya, the study period being 2018-2022. Strategic investment approaches were the independent variable and efficient performance the dependent variable thus analyzing the relationship between ESI Preprints September 2022 www.esipreprints.org 823 the two variables. Theoretical literature links strategic investment approaches to investment performance both positively and negatively with some scholars stating that there is a positive relationship between the two while other scholars contradicting. Correlational survey design and census sampling method were used to draw 231 registered real estate investment firms in Kenya's capital city of Nairobi. Primary data was gathered using structured questionnaires to collect data from 231 operations managers and analyzed by regression analysis. The findings of the study indicated that strategic investment approaches is positively correlated to efficient performance at (p<0.05) and R² of 60.3% indicating that 60.3% change in efficient performance is caused by strategic investment approaches while 39.7% will be explained by other factors. The study revealed that strategic investment approaches is a strong driver of operational efficiency thus recommends that the firm's strategic intelligence teams should proactively integrate strategic innovation and move away from the old ways of creating and managing real estate.
We define corruption and show how it is perpetrated by answering the question: Is Kenya a corrupt... more We define corruption and show how it is perpetrated by answering the question: Is Kenya a corrupt country. We provide evidence to show that in deed corruption is widespread in the country. We demonstrate that devolution has had positive effects in local communities, albeit, along with the corruption vice. We that Kenya has both legal and institutional frameworks to fight corruption.
European journal of management issues, Jun 25, 2022
The purpose of the study is to help firms use strategy as an important tool helping both manageme... more The purpose of the study is to help firms use strategy as an important tool helping both management and employees in control and evaluation of whether or not the institution's objectives are met. Design/Method/Approach: The researcher used an exploratory study design, and the data was collected through organised interviews via telephone to gather everything that is relevant for the study. Qualitative data collected was thereafter analysed by finding out similarities and differences among the responses collected from different institutions and conclusions made. Findings: The findings indicate that strategic management practices are useful predictor variables of performance. The composite R 2 value of .714 which indicates that 71.4% variation of performance in parastatals in Kenya is as a result of strategic management practices. Of these practices, strategy implementation had the highest impact on performance. The least was strategy evaluation. Theoretical Implications: Strategic fit theory was used to analyse the performance of each parastatal. The researcher then presented the data using a descriptive approach by the use of illustrative quotes. Practical Implications: The performance of parastatals is good with both employees and consumers reporting high levels of satisfaction. Originality/Value: To achieve any organizational goals, a parastatal needs to plan, formulate and implement. The document is to encourage top management in parastatals to practice strategic management as it will have a positive impact on performance in parastatals in Kenya. Research Limitations/Future Research: Like many research studies, a small group of 14 parastatals was examined, and conclusions were made basing on the findings from this sample. This brought about a generalization that was applied to all other subjects in the field. This generalization appeared somewhat unfair judgement about other parastatals from where participants were not selected because different institutions may have different cultures and levels of professionalism, practice and performance when it comes to matters of strategic management.
This study sought to determine the effect of the Youth Enterprise Development Fund (YEDF) on yout... more This study sought to determine the effect of the Youth Enterprise Development Fund (YEDF) on youth enterprises. The study location was in Siaya County, Kenya and stratified random sampling was used to select 28 financiers of YEDF and 202,897 youths in the County. The sample size constituted 128 respondents; 28 in the first stratum and 100 in the second stratum. The data was collected using survey questionnaires and analyzed through multiple linear regression analysis. The study concluded that the YEDF has not had a significant effect on youth enterprises. The study recommends an increase in the number of financial intermediaries (FIs) in partnership with the fund and an active involvement of all the stakeholders in mobilization of the youth on group formation and YEDF activities.
The study used the resource dependency theory to determine the strategic orientation that star-ra... more The study used the resource dependency theory to determine the strategic orientation that star-rated hotels in Ghana should adopt to realize both financial and non- financial performance. Out of a population of 680 star-rated hotel managers, a sample of 248 were chosen, using the stratified random sampling technique. Self- administered questionnaires were used to solicit the views of managers of the selected star-rated hotels. In all, a total of 178 responses were retrieved and analysed, using descriptive and partial least squares in structural equation modeling. Findings of the study indicate that none of the strategic orientation types influenced financial performance. However, aggressiveness, analytic, defensiveness, futuristic and riskiness were found to rather influence non-financial performance of star-rated hotels. The study, therefore, confirms the resource dependency theory and concludes that when star-rated hotels tend to be aggressive, analytic, futuristic and risky, it i...
Desk review of recently published articles on socioeconomic and environmental impacts of fall arm... more Desk review of recently published articles on socioeconomic and environmental impacts of fall armyworm and Striga weed at three stages of maize value chains in Kenya
Sustainable procurement sits under the umbrella of sustainability, which involves making decision... more Sustainable procurement sits under the umbrella of sustainability, which involves making decisions that maintain the right balance between the environment, society and economy to ensure long-term organizational success. Recent studies indicate that organizations have embraced sustainability in procurement processes however the balancing act is missing. Yet SP play key roles of minimal impact to environment, cost reduction, quality goods /services and service delivery to ensure organization achieve a competitive edge. The purpose of this study was to establish the best combination that organization can adapt to achieve sustainability. The objective of this study was to establish the balancing act of sustainability by finding out the best combination: (environmental and economic, social and economic, environmental and social or economic, environmental and social). Literature review was adopted as a method of the study. Six studies were reviewed and interpenetrated using aggregative me...
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Papers by Fredrick Aila