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<noinclude><languages/></noinclude>
{{Translatable template|Infobox copyright rules
|Country = <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">the Russian Federation</span>
|Shortcut = Russia
|Flag = Flag of Russia.svg
|Map = Russia in Asia (only undisputed).svg
|Standard = <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Life + 70(74) years</span>
|Photograph =
|Anonymous = <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Publish + 70 years</span>
|Posthumous = <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Publish + 70(74) years</span>
|Year end = <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">yes</span>
|Tags = {{tl|PD-old-auto}}<br/>{{tl|PD-RusEmpire}}<br/>{{tl|PD-Russia-1923expired}}<br/>{{tl|PD-Russia-1996}}
|Berne date = {{TrDate|1995-3-13}} March 1995
|WTO date = {{TrDate|2012-8-22}} August 2012
|WIPO treaty = 5{{TrDate|2009-2-9}} February 2009
|UCC date = {{TrDate|1973-5-27}} May 1973
|URAA date = {{TrDate|1996-1-1}} January 1996
}}
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
This page provides an overview of '''copyright rules of the Russian Federation''' relevant to uploading works into Wikimedia Commons.
Note that any work originating in {{wp-Russia|Russia}} must be in the public domain, or available under a free license, in both the Russian Federation and the United States before it can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. If there is any doubt about the copyright status of a work from Russia, refer to the relevant laws for clarification.
</div>
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
==Governing laws==
</div>
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
The Russian Federation has been a member of the [[:en:Berne Convention|Berne Convention]] since 13 March 1995, the [[:en:WIPO Copyright Treaty|WIPO Copyright Treaty]] since 5 February 2009 and the [[:en:World Trade Organization|World Trade Organization]] since 22 August 2012.<ref name=Russia-WIPO/>
The Russian Federation has been a member of the {{wp-Berne Convention|Berne Convention}} since 13 March 1995, the {{wp-WIPO Copyright Treaty|WIPO Copyright Treaty}} since 5 February 2009 and the {{wp-World Trade Organization|World Trade Organization}} since 22 August 2012.
</div><ref name=Russia-WIPO/>
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Copyrights of works created in Russia was based on the Russian copyright law of 1993 and its amendments of 1995 and 2004.<ref name=Law1993/>
Since January 1, 2008, intellectual property rights are regulated by ''Part IV of the Civil Code'' and the ''Implementation act for Part IV of the Civil Code''.
</div><ref name=Law2006/><ref name=Law2006imp/>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
This new law replaced all previous IP laws in Russia.
The same law applies to the works from the former Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR, 1917-1991, the main republic of the Soviet Union, since1922-1991), Russiabecause isthe recognizedRussian asFederation one ofis the twelve (12)direct legal successorssuccessor of the USSRRSFSR since 1991 (aswhen athe federationRSFSR ofwas republicsrenamed to the Russian Federation).
Copyrights of works originating from other 14 former Soviet republics may be claimed by the corresponding [[:w:post{{wp-Post-Soviet states|post-Soviet states]] too}}.
</div>
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
==Durations==
</div>
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
According to article 1256 of Book IV of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation No. 230-FZ of December 18, 2006, a work is in the public domain in Russia if it was published on territory of the [[w:Russian Empire|Russian Empire]] ([[w:Russian Republic|Russian Republic]]) except for territories of the [[w:Grand Duchy of Finland|Grand Duchy of Finland]] and [[w:Congress Poland|Congress Poland]] before 7 November 1917 and was not re-published for 30 days following initial publications on the territory of Soviet Russia or any other states.
According to article 1256 of Book IV of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation No. 230-FZ of December 18, 2006, a work is non-copyrighted in Russia if it was published on territory of the {{wp-Russian Empire|Russian Empire}} ({{wp-Russian Republic|Russian Republic}}) except for territories of the {{wp-Grand Duchy of Finland|Grand Duchy of Finland}} and {{wp-Congress Poland|Congress Poland}} before 7 November 1917 and was not re-published for 30 days following initial publications on the territory of Soviet Russia or any other states.
</div>
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
According to article 1281 of ''Book IV of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation No. 230-FZ of December 18, 2006'' and article 6 of ''Law No. 231-FZ of the Russian Federation of December 18, 2006'' (the ''Implementation Act for Book IV of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation''), a work is in the public domain in Russia if:
According to article 1281 of ''Book IV of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation No. 230-FZ of December 18, 2006'' and articles 5 and 6 of ''Law No. 231-FZ of the Russian Federation of December 18, 2006'' (the ''Implementation Act for Book IV of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation''), a work is in the public domain in Russia if:
*The author died before January 1, 1942.
*The author died:
*The author died between January 1, 1942 and January 1, 1946, did not work during the [[w:Great Patriotic War (term)|Great Patriotic War]] ([[w:Eastern Front (World War II)|Eastern Front of World War II]]) and did not participate in it.
**(a) before January 1, {{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-74}} or
*The work was originally published anonymously or under a pseudonym before January 1, 1943 and the name of the author did not become known during 50 years after publication.
**(b) between January 1, {{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-74}} and January 1, {{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-70}}, did not work during the {{wp-Great Patriotic War (term)|Great Patriotic War}} (1941-1945) and did not participate in it.
*The work was originally published anonymously or under a pseudonym between January 1, 1943 and January 1, 1946, and the name of the author did not become known during 70 years after publication.
</div>
*The work is non-amateur cinema or television film (or shot, or fragment from it), which was first shown between January 1, 1929 and January 1, 1946.
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
*The work was originally published anonymously or under a pseudonym:
**(a) before January 1, 1943 and the name of the author did not become known during 50 years after publication, counted from January 1 of the year following the year of publication, or
**(b) between January 1, 1943 and January 1, {{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-70}}, and the name of the author did not become known during 70 years after publication, counted from January 1 of the year following the year of publication.
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
*The work is a film (a video fragment or a single shot from it):
**(a) which was first shown before January 1, 1943 or
**(b) which was created by ''legal entity'' between January 1, 1929 and January 1, {{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-70}}, provided that it was first shown in the stated period or was not shown until August 3, 1993.
*The work is an information report (including photo report), which was created by an employee of ''[[:en:TASS|TASS]]'', ''[[:en:ROSTA|ROSTA]]'', or ''[[:ru:КарелфинТАГ|KarelfinTAG]]'' as part of that person’s official duties between July 10, 1925 and January 1, {{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-70}}, provided that it was first released in the stated period or was not released until August 3, 1993.
</div>
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Works of authors who worked during the [[:en:Great Patriotic War|Great Patriotic War]] (World War II) or participated in it are extended for 4 years, so they become public domain 74 years after the author's death. (Part 5 of article 1281 of the Russian civil code}.
If the author was subjected to repression and [[:en:{{wp-Rehabilitation (Soviet)|rehabilitated]]}} posthumously, countdown of copyright protection beganis to begin not from the death date, but from the rehabilitation date. If the work was first published posthumously, the copyright term is counted from the date of that first publication, unless the author was later rehabilitated, in which case it runs again from that later rehabilitation date.
</div>
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
There was a discussion whether '''pre-1973''' works from the Soviet Union are copyright-free, originating in the period of uncertainty after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. It was concluded that this theory is incorrect; see discussions in [[Template talk:PD-Soviet]].
Before 2008 Russian copyright legislation was based on ''the Law on Copyright and Neighbouring Rights'' (1993)<ref name=Law1993/> and copyright term was 50(54) years. In 2004 copyright term was extended to 70(74) years non-retroactively, and then in 2008 70(74) years term became retroactive (if 50 years term had not been expired till January 1, 1993).
</div>
 
<span id="Copyright_tags"></span>
==Ознаки за слики==
<noinclude>{{CRT shortcut|TAG|Russia}}
</noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-translatecontent-fuzzyltr">
==== PD tags ====
Автрорските права за дела создадени во Русија подлежат на законот за авторски права од 1993 г. и неговите амандмани од 1995 и 2004 г. ([http://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D1%82_9.07.1993_%E2%84%96_5351-1 Федеральный закон от 9.07.1993 № 5351-1]). Од 1 јануари, 2008, правата на интелектуална сопственост се регулирани со [http://www.consultant.ru/popular/gkrf4/ Russian law 230-FL of 2006: Дел IV од Граѓанскиот законик], заедно со [http://www.rg.ru/2006/12/22/kodeks-vvedenie-dok.html Законот 231-ФЛ од 2006: Закон за примена на Дел IV од Граѓанскиот законик]. Новиот закон ги заменува сите претходни закони за интелектуална сопственост во Русија.
</div>
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
See also: {{c|PD Russia license tags}}
</div>
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Since January 1, 2008, intellectual property rights are regulated by [http://www.consultant.ru/popular/gkrf4/ Russian law 230-FL of 2006: Part IV of the Civil Code], together with the Russian law 231-FL of 2006: Implementation act for Part IV of the Civil Code. This new law replaced all previous IP laws in Russia.
</div>
 
Line 56 ⟶ 92:
* {{tl|PD-Russia}} '''Оваа ознака е исфрлена од употреба.''' Објавено пред 1 јануари, 1954, со создавачот (ако е познат) починат пред тој датум (или, ако е првоборец во Големата Татковинска војна, починат пред 1 јануари, 1950). Или ако делото било во сопственост на поранешната советска влада или друг советско правено лице и е издадено пред 1 јануари, 1954. Од 1 јануари, 2008, ова повеќе не важи.
* {{tl|PD-RusEmpire}} for works that was published on territory of the Russian Empire (Russian Republic) except for territories of the Grand Duchy of Finland and Congress Poland before 7 November 1917 and wasn't re-published for 30 days following initial publications on the territory of Soviet Russia or any other states.
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
*{{tl|PD-Russia-1996}} - This work is in the public domain both in Russia and USA because:
**The author died before January 1, 1942.
**The author died between January 1, 1942 and January 1, 1946, did not work during the Great Patriotic War (Eastern Front of World War II) and did not participate in it.
**The work was originally published anonymously or under a pseudonym before January 1, 1943 and the name of the author did not become known during 50 years after publication.
**The work was originally published anonymously or under a pseudonym between January 1, 1943 and January 1, 1946, and the name of the author did not become known during 70 years after publication.
**The work is non-amateur cinema or television film (or shot, or fragment from it), which was first shown between January 1, 1929 and January 1, 1946.
</div>
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==== Creative Commons tags ====
</div>
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
* {{c|License tags of Russia}}
</div>
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
==Currency==
</div>
<noinclude>{{CRT shortcut|CUR|Russia}}
</noinclude><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
</noinclude>{{OkMark}} Russian currency is not copyrighted. Monetary items, together with other state symbols, are explicitly excluded from copyright by article 1259(6) of Part IV of the Civil Code of Russia (which covers intellectual property rights). ''Drafts'' for such items, however, are copyrighted by their authors. When a public body adopts such a draft and turns it into an official symbol, the resulting official symbol is not copyrighted and may be reproduced without mentioning the original author(s) of the draft. (See article 1264.)
{{OkMark}} Russian currency is not copyrighted. Monetary items, together with other state symbols, are explicitly excluded from copyright by article 1259(6) of Part IV of the Civil Code of Russia (which covers intellectual property rights). ''Drafts'' for such items, however, are copyrighted by their authors. When a public body adopts such a draft and turns it into an official symbol, the resulting official symbol is not copyrighted and may be reproduced without mentioning the original author(s) of the draft. (See article 1264.)
</div>
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Monetary items were already excluded from copyright in the 1993 legislation, which was in effect until the end of 2007. See article 8 of the 1993 law, as amended in 2004.
</div>
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Please use {{tl|PD-RU-exempt}} for images of Russian currency.
</div>
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
==Freedom of panorama==
</div>
<noinclude>{{CRT shortcut|FOP|Russia}}
</noinclude>*<div {{OkMark}}lang="en" fordir="ltr" buildings: {{tl|FoPclass="mw-content-Russia}}ltr">
* {{OkMark}} for buildings: {{tl|FoP-Russia}}
* {{OkMark}} for works of garden design: {{tl|FoP-Russia}}
* {{NotMark}} for artwork, including sculptures: {{tl|NoFoP-Russia}}
</div>
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Article 1276 of Part IV of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation states:<ref name=CodeIV-1276/>
*Free Use of Work Permanently Situated in Places Open for Free Attendance<br/>1. Reproduction,It broadcastingis toallowed without the airconsent orof viathe cableauthor shallor beother allowed,right holder and without thepaying author'sa orfee otherto copyrightreproduce holder'sand consentdistribute produced copies, to transmit on air or paymentthrough ofa royaltiescable, to bring to public knowledge works of visualfine art,arts or photographic work,works thatwhich are permanently standlocated in placesa openpublic for free attendanceplace, ''except whereif portrayalthe image of the work by such method is the basicmain object of that reproduction,use or wherethe portrayalimage of thea work is used infor commercialthe purposespurpose of deriving profit''.<br/>2. It shall beis allowed to freely use, toby reproduce,way orof toreproduction broadcastand todistribution theof produced copies, transmission on air or viathrough a cable, worksbringing ofto architecture,public ofknowledge urbanin development,the andform of images the works of gardenarchitecture, town-planning and landscape design,arts which are situatedlocated in places open fora freepublic attendanceplace or visible from that placesplace.
</div>
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
The FoP exceptions for works of architecture, urban development, and garden and landscape design, which were added under consultation with Wikimedia Russia, have taken effect with the Civil Code amendments as of October 1, 2014.<ref name=CCAmend2014/>
The FoP exceptions for works of architecture, urban development, and garden and landscape design, which were added under consultation with Wikimedia Russia, have taken effect with the Civil Code amendments as of October 1, 2014.
</div><ref name=CCAmend2014/>
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Concerning non-architectural artwork, there is still a copyright exception for non-commercial use, but non-commercial use only [[COM:L|is not allowed on Commons]] and [[COM:PRP|unfortunately, we don't have sufficient number of court decisions for clarifying situation]]. An important court decision states that the copying of a showcase photo is not a creation of a 3D-object in 2 dimensions.
Concerning non-architectural artwork, there is still a copyright exception for non-commercial use, but non-commercial use only {{pg|Commons:Licensing|is not allowed on Commons}} and {{pg|Commons:Project scope/Precautionary principle|unfortunately, we don't have sufficient number of court decisions to clarify the situation}}.
See discussion at [[Commons:Форум/Архив/2010#Судебное решение о фотографиях трёхмерных объектов]].
</div>
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Before January 1 2008, freedom of panorama was regulated by the similar (but not the same) article 21 of Copyright Law of Russia.<ref name=WS199353511/>
*An important court decision states that the copying of a showcase photo is not a creation of a 3D-object in 2 dimensions. See discussion at [[Commons:Форум/Архив/2010#Судебное решение о фотографиях трёхмерных объектов]].
*A recent court case (2019–21) regarding a Yekaterinburg sculpture used commercially by a postcard company concluded in the Supreme Court, which overturned the decisions of the lower courts and returned the case to the court of first instance that denied the sculptor's copyright infringement claim. The latter court ruled that the monument was only reproduced in one of the postcards in a set, making it not the main subject of the entire postcard set.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://66.ru/news/society/243784/ |title=Фирма, связанная с Никитой Михалковым, проиграла суд за права на памятник Татищеву и де Геннину |date=2021-08-26 |website=66.ru}}</ref>
</div>
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Before January 1 2008, freedom of panorama was regulated by the similar (but not the same) article 21 of Copyright Law of Russia.
</div><ref name=WS199353511/>
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Copyright protection expires 70 years after the death of the original author (who is defined as the creator or designer) here.
On January 1st of the following year (ie. January 1 of the 71st Year), freely licensed images of the author's 3D works such as sculptures, or monuments are now free and can be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons.
The lack of Freedom of Panorama is no longer relevant here for states with no formal FOP since the author's works are now copyright free."
</div>
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
It is not clear if copyrighted buildings in Crimea are subject to the Russian or the more restrictive Ukrainian law.
It is not clear if copyrighted buildings in Crimea are subject to the Russian or the more restrictive Ukrainian law. Following the [[COM{{pg|Commons:PRPProject scope/Precautionary principle|Commons precautionary principle]]}}, images of knowingly unfree Crimean buildings should not be uploaded to Commons. See [[Commons:Village_pump/Copyright/Archive/2014/09#Buildings_in_Crimea]]. Nevertheless, photographic work created in Crimea before February 19, 1954 is the subject of the Russian law.
</div>
See [[Commons:Village_pump/Copyright/Archive/2014/09#Buildings_in_Crimea]].
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
==Stamps==
</div>
<noinclude>{{Comseealso|Commons:Stamps/Public domain}}
</noinclude>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
[[File:PD-icon.svg|25px|link=|Public domain]] use {{tlx|PD-RU-exempt|stamps}}
</div>
pursuant to Article 1259.6 of Part IV of the Civil Code (No. 230-FZ) of the Russian Federation dated 8 December 2006, official symbols and signs (flags, emblems, orders, banknotes, and the like), as well as symbols and signs of municipal formations are not copyrighted. Pursuant to Article 2 of Federal Law No. 176-FZ of the Russian Federation ''On Postal Service'' dated July 17, 1999, official signs of postage include "postage stamps and other signs put on mail that give evidence that postage has been paid".
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Article 1.1 of ''Official Postage Signs and Special Postmarks Regulations'', put into force on 26 May 1994 by Order 115 of the Ministry of Communication of the Russian Federation, defines the official postage signs concretely and labels postage stamps, souvenir and miniature sheets, stamped envelopes, and postal stationery cards as the postage signs. Even works still under copyright can be used by the Russian post, without altering the copyright status of the work used.<ref name=RF115/>
Pursuant to Article 1259.6 of Part IV of the Civil Code (No. 230-FZ) of the Russian Federation dated 8 December 2006, official symbols and signs (flags, emblems, orders, banknotes, and the like), as well as symbols and signs of municipal formations are not copyrighted. Pursuant to Article 2 of Federal Law No. 176-FZ of the Russian Federation ''On Postal Service'' dated July 17, 1999, official signs of postage include "postage stamps and other signs put on mail that give evidence that postage has been paid".
</div>
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Article 1.1 of ''Official Postage Signs and Special Postmarks Regulations'', put into force on 26 May 1994 by Order 115 of the Ministry of Communication of the Russian Federation, defines the official postage signs concretely and labels postage stamps, souvenir and miniature sheets, stamped envelopes, and postal stationery cards as the postage signs. Even works still under copyright can be used by the Russian post, without altering the copyright status of the work used.
</div><ref name=RF115/>
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
A copyrighted painting can be used on an envelope or such and {{tl|PD-RU-exempt}} will apply, without turning the painting into a Public Domain work. Prerequisite is that the Russian post acquired permission from the copyright-holder. We can safely assume that the Russian post has come to an agreement with the copyright-holder of such work.
</div>
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===Tuva stamps===
</div>
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
[[File:PD-icon.svg|25px|link=|Public domain]] use {{tl|PD-RU-exempt}}.
</div>
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
From 1921 to 1944, Tuva constituted a sovereign, independent nation under the name of Tannu Tuva, officially, the Tuvan People's Republic, or the People's Republic of Tannu Tuva. The independence of Tannu Tuva, however, was recognized only by its neighbors: the Soviet Union and Mongolia.<ref name=Tuva1992/>
From 1921 to 1944, Tuva constituted a sovereign, independent nation under the name of Tannu Tuva, officially, the Tuvan People's Republic, or the People's Republic of Tannu Tuva. The independence of Tannu Tuva, however, was recognized only by its neighbors: the Soviet Union and Mongolia.
Since 1944 Tuva has been part of the Russian Federation.
</div><ref name=Tuva1992/>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Since 1944 Tuva has been part of the Russian Federation.
</div>
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
==Threshold of originality==
</div>
 
<noinclude>{{CRT shortcut|TOO|Russia}}</noinclude>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
;Automatic camera works
</div>
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
[[File:PD-icon.svg|25px|link=|Public domain]] use {{tlx|PD-RU-exempt-autocam}}
</div>
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{okMark}} A photowork or a videowork made by '''automatic''' camera (Russian: ''автоматическая камера'', not to be confused with automated camera: ''автоматизированная камера'') is not the subject of copyright, because such work is made by technical tool without creative human activity. The Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, Part 80 of Session Resolution No. 10 of April 23, 2019 on Application of Part IV of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation
</div>
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
'''Examples'''
* Any photowork or videowork made by '''automatic''' camera for administrative violation record (for example, by '''automatic''' camera for driving offense record<ref name=FineCamera/>). The Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, Part 80 of Session Resolution No. 10 of April 23, 2019 on Application of Part IV of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation
</div>
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
;Simple creative works
</div>
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{NotMark}} Simple result of creative work (creative human activity) is copyrightable. The Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, Part 80 of Session Resolution No. 10 of April 23, 2019 on Application of Part IV of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation
</div>
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
'''Examples'''
* Simple black square as geometric shape is uncopyrightable as itself. However [[:Category:Black Square (Malevich)|''Black Square'']] by ''Kazimir Malevich'' was copyrightable because this painting was the result of creative work in recognized art style - ''[[:en:suprematism|suprematism]]'', and it is in Public Domain because of copyright term expiry, not because of result simplicity.
</div>
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
;Logos
</div>
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{neutral|In doubt}} There is no clear precedent in Russian courts for the threshold of originality for simple logos.
</div>
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
==Signatures==
</div>
 
<noinclude>{{CRT shortcut|SIG|Russia}}</noinclude>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{OkMark}}. Signature used for expression of will, for identification, or in similar cases is a legal or technical tool, it is not work of science, literature, or art, so it is not copyrightable.<br>
{{neutral|Depend on case}}. Signature used for other purposes can be protected depending on its creativity.
</div>
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
==See also==
</div>
 
*{{pg|[[Russia}}]]
*[[:Category:License tags of Russia]]
*[[:Category:Russian FOP cases]]
Line 123 ⟶ 276:
*{{pg|Commons:Copyright rules by territory/Soviet Union}}
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
==Citations==
</div>
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name=CCAmend2014>[http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_160073/?frame=2 Civil Code amendments as of October 1, 2014]</ref>
<ref name=CodeIV-1276>Civil Code of the Russian Federation, Part IV, [[:wikisources:ru:Гражданский кодекс Российской Федерации. Часть четвёртая. РФ/Глава 70. Авторское право#Статья 1276. Свободное использование произведения, постоянно находящегося в месте, открытом для свободного посещения|Article 1276]]</ref>
<ref name=Law1993>[http[s://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D1%82_9:Закон РФ от 09.07.1993_%E2%84%96_53511993 № 5351-1 |Федеральный закон от 9.07.1993 № 5351-1]]</ref>
<ref name=RF115>[[s:ru:Приказ Минсвязи от 26.05.1994 № 115|Положение о знаках почтовой оплаты и специальных почтовых штемпелях]]</ref>
<ref name=Law2006>{{cite web |url=http://www.consultant.ru/popular/gkrf4/
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<ref name=Tuva1992>{{cite journal|jstor=152275|title=Tuva. A State Reawakens|first=Toomas|last=Alatalu|date=January 1, 1992
|journal=Soviet Studies|volume=44|issue=5|pages=881–95|doi=10.2307/152275}}</ref>
<ref name=FineCamera>[https://www.zr.ru/content/articles/914729-9-narushenij-za-kotorye-uzhe-shtrafuyut-kamery/ 9 нарушений, за которые уже штрафуют камеры] (9 Driving Offenses Fined by Cameras) // За рулём, 12 ноября 20218 года</ref>
}}
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[[Category:Copyright lawrules of Russia]]
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