File:Map of Hephthalite Principalities circa, 557-625 CE.png

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Map of Hephthalite Principalities circa, 557-625 CE

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English: Map of Hephthalite Principalities circa, 557-625 CE

Hepthtalite principalities after 550: They are reported in the Zarafshan valley, Chaghaniyan, Khuttal, Termez, Balkh, Badghis, Herat and Kabul, in the geographical areas corresponding to Tokharistan and today's northern Afghanistan.[1][2][3] They also held a series of castles on the roads to Bamiyan.[4] Extensive Hephthalite kurghan necropoli have been excavated all over the region, as well as a possible one in the Bamiyan valley.[5]
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  1. ↑ (16 April 2015) The Cambridge World History: Volume 4, A World with States, Empires and Networks 1200 BCE–900 CE, Cambridge University Press, p. 484 ISBN: 978-1-316-29830-5.
  2. ↑ Baumer 2018 p.99}}
  3. ↑ Hyun Jin Kim (2015) The Huns, Routledge, p. 56 ISBN: 9781317340911.
  4. ↑ (in English) (19 November 2010) Early Buddhist Transmission and Trade Networks: Mobility and Exchange Within and Beyond the Northwestern Borderlands of South Asia, BRILL, p. 170 ISBN: 978-90-04-18159-5.
  5. ↑ (in English) (1996) Excavations at Kandahar 1974 and 1975: The First Two Seasons at Shahr-i Kohna (Old Kandahar) Conducted by the British Institute of Afghan Studies, British Archaeological Reports Limited ISBN: 978-0-86054-826-3. "Along with other Central Asian nomadic nations, the Hephthalites practices kurghan burial, and extensive Hephthalite necropoli have been excavated in Afghanistan at Sadiqabad near Charikar and Shakh Tepe near Qunduz. A kurghan necropolis has also been recorded in the Bamiyan Valley which, by association with the Bamiyan monuments, might also be Hephthalite ( or Yabghu ) (Note 25 See Levi 1972 69-70. It is surprising that in view of the importance of these tumulus burials and their possible association with Hephthalites in the Bamiyan Valley - they have gone unremarked in all the main authorities on Bamiyan, e.g., Klimburg - Salter 1989)."

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