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MLT 02 _Python Basics

Das Dokument bietet eine umfassende Einführung in die Grundlagen der Python-Programmierung, einschließlich der Installation, Syntax, Datentypen, Kontrollstrukturen und Funktionen. Es beschreibt die wichtigsten Programmierkonzepte wie Variablen, Schleifen und Kommentare sowie die Verwendung von Python für Datenanalysen. Zudem werden die Voraussetzungen für die Schulung und die Lernziele umrissen.

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MLT 02 _Python Basics

Das Dokument bietet eine umfassende Einführung in die Grundlagen der Python-Programmierung, einschließlich der Installation, Syntax, Datentypen, Kontrollstrukturen und Funktionen. Es beschreibt die wichtigsten Programmierkonzepte wie Variablen, Schleifen und Kommentare sowie die Verwendung von Python für Datenanalysen. Zudem werden die Voraussetzungen für die Schulung und die Lernziele umrissen.

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Overview of Al: ML & DL 2 Training TWO Basics of python programming Training Hrs. 24 hrs. Training - Basics of Python Programming Python is a general-purpose programming language that is becoming ever more popular for data ience. Companies worldwide are using Python to harvest insights from their data and gain a competitive edge. Python’s sim- ple, easy to learn syntax emphasizes readability and therefore reduces the cost of program maintenance. Python supports modules and packages, which encourages program modularity and code reuse. The Python interpreter and the extensive standard library are avaiTrainingle in source or binary form without charge for all major platforms, and can be freely distributed. In this, training, you'll learn about powerful ways to store and manipulate data, and helpful data science tools to begin conducting your own analyses. Training —2 Objectives In this Training, trainees will learn: ¥ Computer programming with Python v Fundamentals of how programming works v Data Types, Operators and Strings Y Collection Types: Tuple, List, Dictionary to store data v Function and Lambda to reuse code Y Object Oriented Programming with Classes VY Modules, namespace and libraries ¥ Test Driven Development by Unit Test Y Files Input and Output including JSON, CSV and Binary ¥ Web Scraping Y SQLite Database Connectivity Copyright 2023 FC, BiT e Basics of Python Programming Training—2 Prerequisite Trainees need to have basic skills in computer programming, script pro- gramming and Java. Training—2 Outlines and duration No. | Training items Training mode Duration | Remark 1 |Int. to python programming| Theoretical Thr Noiellink & Installation of python 2 [Python basics Practical Shs Noteshands-on exercise 3 [Looping & Control state-|Practical Shes hands-on exer- ments ose 4 |Python, tuples, lists and|Practical Shs Tpands-on exer- dictionaries one 3 [Functions and packages __ | Practical 3 bis Thands-on exer- cise 6 |Self-exercise Practical Thrs | Trainees own example Total duration 24 hrs 2.1. Installing python on windows On Windows machin a Python installation is usually placed in C:\Users\ UserName\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python(Version), although you can change this while running the installer. To install Python on a Windows machine, follow these steps @ @ Download Python for Windows (check the property of your windows) Run the Python installer Here you will see the Python wizard, which is very easy to use. Just ac- cept the default recommended settings and click on the Next button, wait until the install is complete and you are done. Copyright 2023 FC, BiT (a0) Basics of Python Programming iB Python 3.80 (68-bit Setup 7 x Install Python 3.8.0 (64-bit) Select Install Now to install Python with defauit settings, or choose Customize to enable or disable features. @ Install Now C\Users eB app ata\Lo Customize installation Choose location and feetures thon ps install launcher forall users (recommencled) windows ClAd¢ Python 3.8 to PATH [Cancel 2.2. Python GUI There are various GUI based Python IDE that python programmers can use for better coding experience. Some of Python interpreters are: © Python IDLE PyCharm ® © The Python Bundle ® pyGUI ® Sublime Text etc. Copyright 2023 FC, BiT Gp Bi of Python Programming 2.3. Basics of Python programming Python is an interpreted programming language. Python source code is com- piled to bytecode as a .py or .pye file, and this bytecode can be interpreted There are two modes for using the Python interpreter: 1. Interactive Mode 2. Script Mode © Interactive mode Without passing the python script file to the interpreter, directly execute code to Python prompt Example: D>>24+6 Output: ® Script mode Alternatively, programmers can store Python script source code in a file with the .py extension, and use the interpreter to execute the contents of the file. To execute the script by the interpreter, you have to tell the interpreter the name of the file. For example, if you have a script name MyFile.py and youre working on Unix, to run the script you have to type: python MyFile.py Copyright 2023 FC, BiT (2) Basics of Python Programming 2.3.1. The first python program Example print(“Hello, World!”) Output Hello, World! 2.3.2. Comments in python Comments are non-executable statements in Python. It means neither the python compiler nor the python Virtual Machine (PVM) will execute them. Comments are intended for human understanding, not for the compiler or PVM. Therefore they are called non-executable statements. There are two types of commenting features avaiTrainingle in Python: These are sin- gle-line comments and multi-line comments. 2.3.3. ingle-Line Comment A single-line comment begins with a hash (#) symbol and is useful in men- tioning that the whole line should be considered as a comment until the end of the line. Example: #Defining a variable to store number. n = 50 #Store 50 as value into variable n. © In the above example program, the first line starts with the hash symbol, so the entire line is considered a comment. © In the second line of code, “N = 50” is a statement, and after the state- ment, the comment begins with the # symbol. From the # symbol to the end of this line, the line will be treated as a comment. Copyright 2023 FC, BiT as Basics of Python Programming 2.3.4. Multi-Line Comment Multi-line comment is useful when we need to comment on many lines. In Python Triple double quote (“””) and single quote (*’) are used for Multi- line commenting. It is used at the beginning and end of the block to com- ment on the entire block. Hence it is also called block comments. Example: Author: www.w3schools.in Description: Writes the words Hello World on the screen. Author: www.w3schools.in Description: Writes the words Hello World on the screen 2.3.5. Indentation in Python Indentation in Python refers to the (spaces and tabs) that are used at the be- ginning of a statement. The statements with the same indentation belong to the same group called a suite. Consider the example of a correctly indented Python code statement mentioned below. Copyright 2023 FC, BiT aa Basics of Python Programming Example: if print(a) if b=: print(») print(‘end’) In the above code, the first and last line of the statement is related to the same suite because there is no indentation in front of them. So after ex- ecuting first “if statement”, the Python interpreter will go into the next statement. If the condition is not true, it will execute the last line of the statement. By default, Python uses four spaces for indentation, and the programmer can manage it. 2.3.6. Python keywords Keywords are reserved words in Python and used to perform an internal op- cration. All the keywords of Python contain lower-case letters only. and assert in del else Taise from if continue not pass finally while yield is as break return clit cxcept der global import __|for oF print Tambda with class try exer Copyright 2023 FC, BiT Gas) Bi 2.3.7. Operators In python of Python Programming Python programming language is rich with built-in operators Python supports the following types of operators: v Arithmetic Operators Y Assignment Operators Y Comparison (Relational) Operators Y Logical Operators ¥ Membership operators © Arithmetic Operators Symbol | Operator Name Description Adds the values on either side of the op- + Addition erator and calculate a result. Subiracts values of right side operand| - Subtraction from left side operand. _ Multiplies the values on both sides of * Multiplication the operator. oe Divides left side operand with right side if Division operand. Tt returns the remainder by dividing the| % Modulus : : left side operand with right side operand| + Exponent Calculates the exponential power Here the result is the quotient in which a Floor Division |the digits after decimal points are not taken into account. ‘Copyright 2023 FC, BiT Basics of Python Programming © Assignment Operators Symbol | Operator Name Description = Equal Assigns the values of the right side operand to the left side operand. += Add AND Adds right-side operand value to the left side operand value and assigns the results to the left operand. Subtract AND Subtracts right-side operand value to the left side operand value and assigns the results to the left operand. Multiply AND Division AND Modulus AND Exponent AND Similarly does their respective operations and assigns the operator value to the left operand. © Comparison operators Symbol Operator Name |Description Double Equa 1 If the two value of its operands are equal, then the condition becomes true, other- wise false or=> Not Equal To {If two operand’s values are not equal, then the condition becomes true. Both the operators define the same meaning and function Equal To > Greater Than If the value of the left-hand operand is greater than the value of right-hand oper- and, the condition becomes true. =z Less Than Tf the value of the left-hand operand is less than the value of the right operand, then the condition becomes true. = Less Than Equall[f the value of the left-hand operand is To less than or equal to the value of right- hand operand, the condition becomes true. — Greater Than|If the value of the left-hand operand is greater than or equal to the value of right- hand operand, the condition becomes true. ‘Copyright 2023 FC, BiT Basics of Python Programming © Logical operators Symbol [Operator Name |Description or Logical OR Tf any of the two operands are non-ze- ro, then the condition is true and Logical AND _|If both the operands are true, then the condition is true. not Logical NOT _|It is used to reverse the logical state of its operand. © Membership operators Symbol | Operator Name] Description in in The result of this operation becomes True if it finds a value in a specified sequence & False otherwise not in not in result of this operation becomes True if] it doesn’t find a value in a specified se- quence and False otherwise 2.3.8. Python data types Python data types are different in some aspects from other programming languages. It is simple to understand and easy to use. Because Python is interpreted programming language and Python interpreter can determine which type of data is storing, so no need to define the data type of memory location. Everything in Python programming is an object, and each object has its own unique identity (a type and a value). There are many native(built-in) data types avaiTrainingle in Python. Some important data types in python are: © Numbers: An are integers (such as 1, 2, 3...), floats (such as 2.6, 4.8, ete.), fractions (such as ¥. %, ete.), or even complex numbers. Y int (signed integer) Y float Copyright 2023 FC, BiT Gs) @ ®@ ©9008 O©8@ Basics of Python Programming Y long Y complex Sequences: Y Strings: Sequence of Unicode characters, like an HTML document. Vv Bytes/Byte array: Any type of file. Y Lists: An ordered sequence of values. V Tuples: An ordered, immutable sequence of values. Boolean: Holds either true or false values. Sets: An unordered container of values. Dictionaries: A key-paired values set in an unordered way. Module Function Class Method File 2.3.9. Variables in python In Python, like many other programming languages, there is no need to de- fine variables in advance. As soon as a value is assigned to a variable, it is automatically declared. This is why Python is called a dynamically typed language Example: nane = “Packing box” # A string neignt = 10 # An integer assignment width = 20.5 #A floating point print (name) print (neigne) print («iatn) Copyright 2023 FC, BiT a of Python Programming Output: Packing box 10 20.5 2.4. Control statements in python Python provides various types of conditional statements: if statement, If Else statement and nested statements 2.4.1. If statement Syntax: if expression! #execute your code Example: a=15 ifa>10: print(“a is greater”) Output: a is greater 2.4.2. if else Statements if expression: #execute your code else: #execute your code Copyright 2023 FC, BiT (20) Basics of Python Programming Example: a=15 b=20 ifa>b: print(“a is greater”) else: print(“b is greater”) Output: b is greater 2.4.3. elif statements elif - is a keyword used in Python replacement of else if to place another condition in the program. This is called chained conditional. Syntax: if expression: #execute your code elif expression: #execute your code else: #execute your code Example: a=15 b=15 ifa>b: print(“a is greater”) elif a == b: print(“both are equal”) else: print(“b is greater”) Output: both are equal Copyright 2023 FC, BiT (a) Basics of Python Programming 2.5. Loops in python Python provides three types of looping techniques: for loop, while loop and nested loops 2.5.1. For loop Synta’ for iterating_var in sequence: #execute your code Example for letter in ‘Python’: print (‘Current letter is:’, letter) Outpu Current letter is : P Current letter is : y Current letter is: t Current letter is: h Current letter is : 0 Current letter is : n 5.2. While loop while expression: #execute your code Example: “initialize count variable to 1 count =1 while count < 6 : print (count) count+=1 Copyright 2023 FC, BiT (22) Output: Basics of Python Programming 2.5.3. Nested loop for iterating_var in sequence: for iterating_var in sequence: #execute your code #execute your code 2.6. Arrays and Strings in python A string played to users. It is known to Python when you want to display a string. This is because programmers use either double quote « or single quote « to is usually a bit of text in programming that is written to be dis- enclose a word or group of words to express a string Example: ch = “Hello Python” strl = “String Chapter” print (“First value is: “, ch) print (“Second value is: “, strl) print (“First single sub-string is: “, ch[0]) print (“Set of sub-string is: “, str1[2:5]) ‘Copyright 2023 FC, BiT of Python Programming Output: First value is: Hello Python Second value is: String Chapter First single sub-string is: H Set of sub-string is: rin 2.7. Functions in python Using a ‘def’ statement for defining a function is the corner store of a ma- jority of programs in Python. To group a set of statements, programmers use functions, and they can be run more than once in a program. They act like a pack of instructions that is invoked by a name Example 1: def avrg(cizst, *rests return (first + sum(sests)) / (1 + len(cests)) # calling functions print (avra(1, 2) print (avra(1, 2, 3)) print (avro(1,2,3,4)) Output: 15 2.0 2.5 Copyright 2023 FC, BiT Basics of Python Programming Example 2: def karlos(): return 1, 2, 3 a, b, ¢ = karlos() print (a) print (b) print (c) Output: 2.8. Lists in python Dealing with data in a structured format is quite generous, and this is pos- sible if those data are set accordingly in a specific manner. So, Python provides these data structures named ‘lists’ and ‘tuples’ that are used to organize data in a single set. Python has six built-in sequences, and among them, the most famous is “lists and tuples”. To build a list, just put some expressions in square brackets. The syntax is: Syntax: isti = [] # stl is the name of the list ist2 = [expressionl , ... , expression N] Example: istl = [‘computerse’, ‘IT’, ‘CSE"]; 1st2 = [1993, 20161; 1st3 = [2, 4, 6, “9%, “k", "s"]7 Copyright 2023 FC, BiT (@s) Basics of Python Programming 2.8.1. Accessing list values List apply the standard interface sequence in which len(L) returns the num- ber of items present in the list, and L[i] represents the item at index i. Also L[i:j] returns new list containing objects within ‘i’ and ‘j’. Example: asti = [‘computerse’, ‘IT’, ‘CSE”]; ast2 = [1993, 2016]; [2, 4, 6, “g”, “Kk”, “s”]; print (“Ist1[0]”, 1¢2[0]) 1st3 print (“Ist3[2:4]”, 1s:3[2:4]) Output: Ist1 [0] computerse 1st3[2:4] [6, ‘g’] 2.8.2. Updating Lists Program to show how to add/update single or multiple elements in a list: Example: isti = [‘computerse’, ‘IT’, ‘CSE’]; print (“Second value of the list is:”) print (1s¢i[1]) isti[l] = ‘Robotics’ print (“Updated value in the second index of list is:”) print (1st2[1]) Output: Second value of the list is: 11 Updated value in the second index of list is: Robotics Copyright 2023 FC, BiT 8) Basics of Python Programming 2.8.3. Delete Elements from Lists To remove an element from the list, we can use the del-statement. The syn- tax for deleting an clement from a list is: Syntax: del List_name[index_va1]; 2.9. Tuples in python Tuples are immutable lists and cannot be changed in any way once it is cre- ated. Tuples are defined in the same way as lists. They are enclosed within parenthesis and not within square braces. 2.9.1. Accessing values from tuple Example tupl1 = (‘computerse’, ‘IT’, ‘CSE”); tupl2 = (1993, 2016); tupl3 = (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16); print (“tupl1[0]”, tupl1[0]) print (“tupl3[2:4]”, tupl3[2:4]) Output: tupl1[0] computerse tupl3[2:4] (6, 8) 2.9.2. Updating Tuples They are immutable, i.e., the values can’t be changed directly. So we can just update by joining tuples. Let’s demonstrate this with an example: Copyright 2023 FC, BiT ® of Python Programming Example: tupll = (2, 3, 4); tupl2 = (‘ab’, ‘ed”); tupl3 = tupl1 + tupl2 print (tupl3) This code snippet will execute a combination of two tuples using the “+” operator, Output: (2, 3, 4, ‘ab’, ‘ed’) 2.9.3. Delete Elements from Tuples To delete a tuple, we can use the del-statement. syntax: del tuple_name; Example: tupl3 = (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16); del tup|3; 2.10. Dictionary in python Dictionary is like a list but in a general form. It can think like this; a dic- tionary is a mapping between a set of indexes or keys with a set of values, where each key maps to a value. A combination of a key and its value is called a key-value pair or item. in the Python dictionary, each key is sepa- rated by a colon (:) from its values. Commas separate all the items, and the whole dictionary is enclosed within ‘{* and ‘}’. In the dictionary, all the keys should have to be unique with data type as strings, tuples, or numbers, and the values can be of any of these three types. Copyright 2023 FC, BiT e@ Basics of Python Programming 2.10.1. Defining a dictionary dicto = {‘Bookname’ : ‘Python’, ‘Price’ : 210} 2.10.2. Accessing Dictionary Values Dictionaries’ values can be accessed by using the square braces, i.e. [ ], along with the key name to obtain the value. This are multiple item decla- ration procedures used to declare keys along with their values in Python’s dictionary. Example: dicto = {‘Bookname’ : ‘Python’, ‘Price’ : 210} print (dicto[ ‘Bookname’]) print (dicto[‘Price’]) Output: Python 260 ‘Copyright 2023 FC, BiT os

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