The Oriental Anthropologist: A Bi-annual International Journal of the Science of Man
Tribes belong to earliest form of society at the same time they are keen to using modern techniqu... more Tribes belong to earliest form of society at the same time they are keen to using modern techniques in their day to day life. They willingly come forward to adopt some of techniques, whereas some of the techniques are imposed on them. The present investigation was carried out among a primitive tribe of Mandla district of Madhya Pradesh known as Baiga. Findings are based on a sample of 300 women and WO male (husbands). Samples were drawn randomly so that proper representation of population and area could be ensured. It was found thai the Baiga women are quite aware regarding modern technique of contraception and sterilization. 46 per cent of the couples were found users and 54 per cent were non-users. Further, among current users 92.8 per cent adopted Tubectomy, only 4.6 per cent couples underwent vasectomy. The finding of present study shows that they hardly use spacing methods (2.8 percent). Among spacing methods only condom and oral pills are being used in equal proportion. There ...
Objectives: We aimed to test whether birth season is associated with age at menarche in the subtr... more Objectives: We aimed to test whether birth season is associated with age at menarche in the subtropical climate of Central India where temperature and photoperiod differences between seasons are very small. Methods: Date of birth and age at menarche were collected for 330 female students of Central University, Sagar. The impact of birth month and birth season on age at menarche was analyzed using ANOVA and time-to-event analysis with the use of the Kaplan-Meier curve. Results: ANOVA, Kaplan-Meier estimation and Cox Proportional Hazard did not show statistically significant differences in age at menarche according to birth month and birth season. Conclusions: Constant sun exposure during the whole year, related to a stable vitamin D amount and to equal access to fruits and vegetables, may translate into a lack of association between seasons and age at menarche.
The Oriental Anthropologist: A Bi-annual International Journal of the Science of Man, 2017
The objective of present study was to find out the pubertal age from adolescent symptoms, and cor... more The objective of present study was to find out the pubertal age from adolescent symptoms, and correlation with nutritional status. To achieve the goal a cross sectional study was conducted on sub sample of241 boys and girls (108 girls and 133 boys) of12to18 years of age of district Sagar of Madhya Pradesh. Adolescent symptoms namely age at menarche in girls and hair at auxilian;, moustache and beard were recorded for boys. Beside that anthropometric measurementsheight and weight were also taken following standard procedure. It was found that the underweight boys and girls were on an average 1 year delayed in appearance of adolescent symptom than normal subjects. It is surprising that the stunted girls have on average 6 month early menarche; whereas stunted boys have on an average 8 month delayed appearance of adolescent symptoms. Undernourished girls were found to have an average 2 years 6 month delayed menarche than normal girls.
Background: Body mass index (BMI) represents a normalization of weight to height and is used to c... more Background: Body mass index (BMI) represents a normalization of weight to height and is used to classify adiposity. While the capacity of BMI as an adiposity index has been experimentally validated in Caucasians, but there has been little testing Asian populations. Methods: To determine whether weight scales to height squared in Asian Indians across the general population and in Asian Indian tribes an allometric analysis on the power law model, W = αH β , where W is weight (kg) and H is height (m) was performed on cross-sectional weight and height data from India (N = 43,880) collected through the Anthropological Survey of India. The database contained males 18-84 years of age spanning 161 districts of 14 states and including 33 different tribes (N = 5,549). Models were developed that were unadjusted and adjusted for tribe membership. The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) was used to compare to height-weight data from the Anthropological Survey of India and to calculate BMI thresholds for obesity status using a receiver operating characteristic. Results: The unadjusted power was β = 2.08 (s = 0.02). The power for the general population (non-tribal) was β = 2.11 (s = 0.02). Powers when adjusted for tribe ranged from 1.87 to 2.35 with 24 of the 33 tribes resulting in statistically significant (p < 0.05) differences in powers from the general population. The coefficients of the adjusted terms ranged from −0.22 to 0.26 and therefore the scaling exponent does not deviate far from 2. Thresholds for BMI classification of overweight in the KNHANES database were BMI = 21 kg/m 2 (AUC = 0.89) for males 18 kg/m 2 (AUC = 0.97) for females. Obesity classification was calculated as BMI = 26 kg/m 2 (AUC = 0.81) and 23 kg/m 2 (AUC = 0.83) for females. Conclusions: Our study confirms that weight scales to height squared in Asian Indian males even after adjusting for tribe membership. We also demonstrate that optimal BMI thresholds are lower in a Korean population in comparison to currently used BMI thresholds. These results support the application of BMI in Asian populations with potentially lower thresholds.
The prevalence of undernutrition is a significant area of concern in many developing countries, w... more The prevalence of undernutrition is a significant area of concern in many developing countries, where it is a major public health problem. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of undernutrition among school-going boys and girls of central Indian city Sagar, MP. A total of 612 individuals (312 girls and 300 boys) aged 5–18 years were examined and compared to the NCHS reference data. The nutritional status was assessed using following anthropometric indicators: body height and weight, body mass index (BMI) and composite index of anthropometric failure (CIAF). It was found that girls were heavier (1 kg) and taller (2–5 cm) than boys up to 15 and 13 years of age, respectively. After that, boys became taller with 1 to 13 cm. The mean BMI of boys was higher to girls up to 10 year of age after that the trend was reversed. Comparison of the present findings with NCHS reference data revealed that Indian girls and boys were lagging behind. The difference in body weight between th...
Successful existence and perpetuation of any species depend on its reproductive success. In case ... more Successful existence and perpetuation of any species depend on its reproductive success. In case of humans, the theoretical proportion of males and females should be 1 : 1, but this equilibrium was disturbed in many parts of the world. What are the determinants of sex imbalance in human should be found out to combat the problem. The data were gathered for 227 countries. The sex ratio for human population of the world was found 101 males for 100 females, but it varies from 74 to 219 among the countries. The number of countries having higher number of females as compared to males is 132, as they have 99 or less males per 100 females, whereas in 71 countries the total population of males is greater than the females. And only 24 countries have balanced sex ratio. Regression analysis shows that fertility, rate of natural increase, mortality, and gender inequality index have inverse effect, and they account for 24.4%, 23.1%, 18.8%, 18.9%, 16.3%, 16.1%, and 5.1% of variability, respectivel...
Background: Variation in human height around the globe as well as within a specific region or pop... more Background: Variation in human height around the globe as well as within a specific region or population is considered as reflection of health, wellbeing and long and short term adaptations. Human height is determined by a combination of genetic and environmental factors particularly diet and healthcare plays a significant role. Undernutrition during early childhood leads to stunting and poverty is one of the important causes of undernutrition. Still, it was reported that human height has steadily increased over the past two centuries across the globe. This trend is in line with general improvements in health and nutrition during this period. Historical data on heights tends to come from soldiers (conscripts), convicted criminals, slaves and servants. It is for this reason much of the historical data focuses on men. Recent data on heights uses additional sources including surveys and medical records. Here, the primary objective is to understand the variation of height around the glo...
The present cross-sectional study assesses the prevalence of undernutrition among school-going gi... more The present cross-sectional study assesses the prevalence of undernutrition among school-going girls of central Indian town-Sagar of Madhya Pradesh. A total of 312 girls of age cohort of 5-18 years were included. Height-forage , weight-forage and body mass index for age were used to evaluate their nutritional status and these were compared with the NCHS (2005) reference data. There were wide variations in stunting, underweight and undernourished among the girls. In the present investigation z-score and composite index of anthropometric failure were also computed. The study reveals that highest mean BMI was found 19.2 Kgm-2 for girls of 17 year of age; whereas lowest mean BMI was 13.7 K gm-2 for girls of 5 year of age. Present studied girls have low mean body weight, short stature and low mean BMI than the reference population (NCHS). It was found that 5.4% girls were stunted, 5.7% girls were underweight and 4.1% girls were undernourished. As per composite index of anthropometric fai...
In developing countries, nutritional transition is going on, and because of it, dual burden of ma... more In developing countries, nutritional transition is going on, and because of it, dual burden of malnutrition is common phenomenon; which can be defined as coexistence of under and over nutrition. The aim of the present study was to assess the level and extent of undernutrition and obesity among the boys and girls of Hathin block, district Palwal, Haryana. A cross sectional study was conducted on a total of 2558 individuals; consisting of 1284 boys and 1274 girls aged 0 to 20 years. The nutritional status was assessed using anthropometric indicators viz. body weight, height and body mass index (BMI), Z score for weight, Z score for height and Z score for BMI. It was found that 4.8% boys and 4.6% girls were underweight, 6.8% boys and 6.3% girls were stunting, 3.5% girls and boys were undernourished whereas 1.5% boys and 1.9% girls were overweight, 2.2 % girls and boys were obese. During early childhood underweight (5.6% boys and 7% girls) and stunting (6.9% boys 7% girls) was higher th...
The present study was conducted among the Bidi workers of a village named Pathaiya Jat of Sagar d... more The present study was conducted among the Bidi workers of a village named Pathaiya Jat of Sagar district of Madhya Pradesh. The data were collected on 254 individuals belonging to a total of 119 households. Anthropometric measurement viz. stature (height), body weight, acromian height and sitting height were measured and body mass index (BMI) and cormic index (CI) were com puted for each individual. The average body weight among males was found 56.6±11.0 kg and among females wer 50.6±9.86 kg. The average stature among males were 163.4±8.1 cm and among females 161.0±12 cm. The av erage body mass index among males was 21±4.1 kg m2 which is lower than females (22.6±4.4 kg m ). The mean cormic index among males was 0.507±0.052 which is similar to females 0.507±0.044. A total of 46. 3% Bidi workers were found malnourished out of which the proportion of chronic energy deficient was higher as compared to obese. Further the proportions of obese were higher in females as compared to males. A...
Background: There has been little research conducted within developing nations examining the link... more Background: There has been little research conducted within developing nations examining the link between knowledge and diet-related perceptions and behaviors. In addition, prior investigations have rarely examined interrelationships between knowledge and other nutrition-related factors. Purpose: This study explored the relationship between nutrition knowledge, social/ informational factors, and diet-related outcomes among Indian adults with multiple chronic conditions. Methods: A snowball sampling technique was employed to recruit individuals. Hierarchical regression analysis was employed to examine mediating and moderating relationships. Results: Results from a cross-sectional survey indicated that knowledge only predicted use among those reporting greater pressure/concern from close others. Furthermore, social support and social trust were found to moderate the relationship between knowledge and diet-related perceptions and behaviors. Discussion: Results suggest that social factors may play a critical role in moderating the impact of nutrition knowledge on diet-related perceptions and behaviors. Translation to Health Education Practice: Public Health Education interventions targeting developing nations should aim to maximize consumers' nutrition knowledge while identifying valued close others who can help encourage positive health action. Furthermore, Health Educators as well as government and local communities must engage in outreach efforts to reinforce or, if necessary, change public perceptions regarding the food industry.
The present cross sectional study was conducted among Schedule castes populations of District "Ba... more The present cross sectional study was conducted among Schedule castes populations of District "Banda" Uttar Pradesh. Here is an attempt to find out the mortality profile and its association with biosocial determinants. For present study data was collected from 1050 households of 35 villages of district Banda (UP). The villages were selected using stratified sampling and respondent were selected randomly. Demographic information was collected on a total of 5527 individuals. To understand embryonic mortality pregnancy enumeration of 998 mothers were recorded. These mothers were experienced 5922 numbers of pregnancies out of which 5026 were termed as live birth. Out of 5026 live births, 1120 children were died before achieving maturity or adulthood. The average foetal loss per mother was computed 0.90±1.18, whereas the mean of child loss was found 1.12±1.50. The mortality measure like CDR, IMR and CMR were higher among Chamar (respectively CDR=25.1, IMR= 186.4 and CMR= 57.81) than Kori, Dhobi and Domar. The Mortality measurements like CDR and IMR of present study is higher than district, state and national level estimation. The regression analysis indicate that there is significant correlation (P<0.05) between child mortality and demographic, socioeconomic, and health & nutritional determinants except BMI.
Data on 8 anthropometric characters of 6663 adult males belonging to 22 caste groups, distributed... more Data on 8 anthropometric characters of 6663 adult males belonging to 22 caste groups, distributed in 38 districts of Central India were taken for present investigation, to study the morphometric variation. Cephalic index, nasal Index, Generalized Mahalanobis distances and its size and shape components were computed and dendrograms were drawn. Comparison of coefficient of variations shows that there exists variation in nasal breadth, nasal length, weight and hence in nasal index. But no marked variation was seen in respect of other anthropometric variables. Comparison of Mahalanobis distances leads to some close clusters among the caste groups, but many of the caste groups remained separated from other caste groups keeping their identities.
The paper aims to draw out biosocial correlates of nutrition through body mass index (BMI) and ch... more The paper aims to draw out biosocial correlates of nutrition through body mass index (BMI) and chronic energy deficiency (CED). The findings are based on cross-sectional data of 446 women aged 18-60 years from six different endogamous groups of two ecological zones. The mean age of studied women varied from 31 to 36 years. The mean age at menarche was found to be 14.50±1.32 years. Similarly mean age at menopause was found to be 46.22±4.00 years. The mean of reproductive life span varied from 27 to 35 years. Average number of pregnancies per women was 4.44±2.52, average foetal loss was 0.11, children surviving per women was 3.61, whereas average child loss per women was found to be 0.62 and average family size was 9.51. Variations in mean BMI kg/m2 between populations ranged between 18.56 and 20.71. Prevalence of CED was highest among the Brahmin women of Uttarakhand (58.3%) followed by Ahirwar of Madhya Pradesh (47.1%). Incidence of CED was found lowest among Brahmin women of Madhya...
FoodSciRN: New Trends in Healthy Eating (Topic), 1995
Iodine Deficiency Disorders are one of the biggest worldwide public health problem of today. Thei... more Iodine Deficiency Disorders are one of the biggest worldwide public health problem of today. Their effect is hidden and profound affecting the quality of human life. An attempt has been made to describe the various aspects of the National Iodine Deficiency Disorders control Programme (NIDDCP) being implemented in the country. The paper also focuses about the problems associated in implementing this national programme.
We assessed the impact of socio-economic factors on age at menarche among the adolescent female p... more We assessed the impact of socio-economic factors on age at menarche among the adolescent female population from the state of Madhya Pradesh, Central India. Records such as date of birth, chronological age, caste affiliation, size of place of residence, parents’ level of education and occupation, number of siblings, body height and weight, and age at menarche were collected for 330 students of A Central University, Sagar. The impact of socio-economic factors on age at menarche was analysed using analysis of variance. To establish the probability of menarche occurrence at a given age, time-to-event analysis was carried out using Kaplan-Meier curves and the log-rank test for curve comparison. The association between probability of attaining menarche and the independent variables was investigated using Cox proportional-hazard model. ANOVA and the Kaplan-Meier curves showed statistically significant differences in age at menarche according to size of the place of residence, number of sib...
We assessed the impact of socioeconomic factors on age at menarche among the adolescent female po... more We assessed the impact of socioeconomic factors on age at menarche among the adolescent female population from the state of Madhya Pradesh, Central India. Records such as date of birth, chronological age, caste affiliation, size of place of residence, parents' level of education and occupation, number of siblings, body height and weight, and age at menarche were collected for 330 students of A Central University, Sagar. The impact of socioeconomic factors on age at menarche was analysed using analysis of variance. To establish the probability of menarche occurrence at a given age, time-to-event analysis was carried out using Kaplan-Meier curves and the log-rank test for curve comparison. The association between probability of attaining menarche and the independent variables was investigated using Cox proportional hazard model. ANOVA and the Kaplan-Meier curves showed statistically significant differences in age at menarche according to size of the place of residence, number of s...
International Journal of Innovation and Scientific Research, Dec 25, 2014
Introduction: Fertility is generally used to indicate the actual reproductive performance of wome... more Introduction: Fertility is generally used to indicate the actual reproductive performance of women or group of female individuals. But generally fertility indicates the number of children, which were produced by women. In every society fertility is very essential to find out the birth rate and other factors which influenced this rate. Fertility is very important indicators of any society and family structure have its own important in demographic studies and planning the many of programs. Methods: In a cross sectional study, study the unit for anthropological demographical date was ever married women. A socioeconomic demographical house to house survey method used for collection of data was conducted by interview 112 females belong to 119 household of district Sagar of Madhya Pradesh. by using a pretested semi structure interview schedule. In semi structure interview schedule collected demographical data viz. age, sex, age at first birth, fertility detail such as total numbers of live births, numbers of children died, number of child surviving pregnancy experienced by mothers, reproductive wastage. The fertility history was arranged and developed for Bidi workers via. using the demographical and fertility measurements. By using these variable and measurements to estimate the fertility rates and ratio such as Child women ratio. Crude birth rate, general fertility rate, age specific fertility rate, general marital fertility rate, gross reproduction rat, total fertility rate. Results: That a largest proportion of mothers 66.2% were given births at 15-19 years of age and 33.03% at the age of 20-24 years of age. It is indicated the prevalence of early marriage among Bidi workers of district Sagar of Madhya Pradesh. The CWR has been found 361.5 and comparatively low with other population of central India.CBR among Bidi workers were computed to be 24.6 General fertility rate was 100 and General marital fertility rate was 138.2, whereas total fertility rate was 5.5 and Gross reproduction rate was 2.69. Conclusion: Bidi workers of District Sagar of Madhya Pradesh, a part of central India are one of the known occupational groups of state. Bidi workers who are low wage earner and lagging behind in socioeconomic , health status and demographical indicators. The most of the Bidi worker are illiterate and passionate under socioeconomically backward condition. Among them the female literacy rate is very poor, which directly or indirectly influenced their fertility mortality rate and their reproductive performance. They are also lagging behind in awareness of the sanitation and their living condition. Under all of these circumferences, there for is urgently need a program which tackle and improved these aspects problem.
The Oriental Anthropologist: A Bi-annual International Journal of the Science of Man
Tribes belong to earliest form of society at the same time they are keen to using modern techniqu... more Tribes belong to earliest form of society at the same time they are keen to using modern techniques in their day to day life. They willingly come forward to adopt some of techniques, whereas some of the techniques are imposed on them. The present investigation was carried out among a primitive tribe of Mandla district of Madhya Pradesh known as Baiga. Findings are based on a sample of 300 women and WO male (husbands). Samples were drawn randomly so that proper representation of population and area could be ensured. It was found thai the Baiga women are quite aware regarding modern technique of contraception and sterilization. 46 per cent of the couples were found users and 54 per cent were non-users. Further, among current users 92.8 per cent adopted Tubectomy, only 4.6 per cent couples underwent vasectomy. The finding of present study shows that they hardly use spacing methods (2.8 percent). Among spacing methods only condom and oral pills are being used in equal proportion. There ...
Objectives: We aimed to test whether birth season is associated with age at menarche in the subtr... more Objectives: We aimed to test whether birth season is associated with age at menarche in the subtropical climate of Central India where temperature and photoperiod differences between seasons are very small. Methods: Date of birth and age at menarche were collected for 330 female students of Central University, Sagar. The impact of birth month and birth season on age at menarche was analyzed using ANOVA and time-to-event analysis with the use of the Kaplan-Meier curve. Results: ANOVA, Kaplan-Meier estimation and Cox Proportional Hazard did not show statistically significant differences in age at menarche according to birth month and birth season. Conclusions: Constant sun exposure during the whole year, related to a stable vitamin D amount and to equal access to fruits and vegetables, may translate into a lack of association between seasons and age at menarche.
The Oriental Anthropologist: A Bi-annual International Journal of the Science of Man, 2017
The objective of present study was to find out the pubertal age from adolescent symptoms, and cor... more The objective of present study was to find out the pubertal age from adolescent symptoms, and correlation with nutritional status. To achieve the goal a cross sectional study was conducted on sub sample of241 boys and girls (108 girls and 133 boys) of12to18 years of age of district Sagar of Madhya Pradesh. Adolescent symptoms namely age at menarche in girls and hair at auxilian;, moustache and beard were recorded for boys. Beside that anthropometric measurementsheight and weight were also taken following standard procedure. It was found that the underweight boys and girls were on an average 1 year delayed in appearance of adolescent symptom than normal subjects. It is surprising that the stunted girls have on average 6 month early menarche; whereas stunted boys have on an average 8 month delayed appearance of adolescent symptoms. Undernourished girls were found to have an average 2 years 6 month delayed menarche than normal girls.
Background: Body mass index (BMI) represents a normalization of weight to height and is used to c... more Background: Body mass index (BMI) represents a normalization of weight to height and is used to classify adiposity. While the capacity of BMI as an adiposity index has been experimentally validated in Caucasians, but there has been little testing Asian populations. Methods: To determine whether weight scales to height squared in Asian Indians across the general population and in Asian Indian tribes an allometric analysis on the power law model, W = αH β , where W is weight (kg) and H is height (m) was performed on cross-sectional weight and height data from India (N = 43,880) collected through the Anthropological Survey of India. The database contained males 18-84 years of age spanning 161 districts of 14 states and including 33 different tribes (N = 5,549). Models were developed that were unadjusted and adjusted for tribe membership. The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) was used to compare to height-weight data from the Anthropological Survey of India and to calculate BMI thresholds for obesity status using a receiver operating characteristic. Results: The unadjusted power was β = 2.08 (s = 0.02). The power for the general population (non-tribal) was β = 2.11 (s = 0.02). Powers when adjusted for tribe ranged from 1.87 to 2.35 with 24 of the 33 tribes resulting in statistically significant (p < 0.05) differences in powers from the general population. The coefficients of the adjusted terms ranged from −0.22 to 0.26 and therefore the scaling exponent does not deviate far from 2. Thresholds for BMI classification of overweight in the KNHANES database were BMI = 21 kg/m 2 (AUC = 0.89) for males 18 kg/m 2 (AUC = 0.97) for females. Obesity classification was calculated as BMI = 26 kg/m 2 (AUC = 0.81) and 23 kg/m 2 (AUC = 0.83) for females. Conclusions: Our study confirms that weight scales to height squared in Asian Indian males even after adjusting for tribe membership. We also demonstrate that optimal BMI thresholds are lower in a Korean population in comparison to currently used BMI thresholds. These results support the application of BMI in Asian populations with potentially lower thresholds.
The prevalence of undernutrition is a significant area of concern in many developing countries, w... more The prevalence of undernutrition is a significant area of concern in many developing countries, where it is a major public health problem. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of undernutrition among school-going boys and girls of central Indian city Sagar, MP. A total of 612 individuals (312 girls and 300 boys) aged 5–18 years were examined and compared to the NCHS reference data. The nutritional status was assessed using following anthropometric indicators: body height and weight, body mass index (BMI) and composite index of anthropometric failure (CIAF). It was found that girls were heavier (1 kg) and taller (2–5 cm) than boys up to 15 and 13 years of age, respectively. After that, boys became taller with 1 to 13 cm. The mean BMI of boys was higher to girls up to 10 year of age after that the trend was reversed. Comparison of the present findings with NCHS reference data revealed that Indian girls and boys were lagging behind. The difference in body weight between th...
Successful existence and perpetuation of any species depend on its reproductive success. In case ... more Successful existence and perpetuation of any species depend on its reproductive success. In case of humans, the theoretical proportion of males and females should be 1 : 1, but this equilibrium was disturbed in many parts of the world. What are the determinants of sex imbalance in human should be found out to combat the problem. The data were gathered for 227 countries. The sex ratio for human population of the world was found 101 males for 100 females, but it varies from 74 to 219 among the countries. The number of countries having higher number of females as compared to males is 132, as they have 99 or less males per 100 females, whereas in 71 countries the total population of males is greater than the females. And only 24 countries have balanced sex ratio. Regression analysis shows that fertility, rate of natural increase, mortality, and gender inequality index have inverse effect, and they account for 24.4%, 23.1%, 18.8%, 18.9%, 16.3%, 16.1%, and 5.1% of variability, respectivel...
Background: Variation in human height around the globe as well as within a specific region or pop... more Background: Variation in human height around the globe as well as within a specific region or population is considered as reflection of health, wellbeing and long and short term adaptations. Human height is determined by a combination of genetic and environmental factors particularly diet and healthcare plays a significant role. Undernutrition during early childhood leads to stunting and poverty is one of the important causes of undernutrition. Still, it was reported that human height has steadily increased over the past two centuries across the globe. This trend is in line with general improvements in health and nutrition during this period. Historical data on heights tends to come from soldiers (conscripts), convicted criminals, slaves and servants. It is for this reason much of the historical data focuses on men. Recent data on heights uses additional sources including surveys and medical records. Here, the primary objective is to understand the variation of height around the glo...
The present cross-sectional study assesses the prevalence of undernutrition among school-going gi... more The present cross-sectional study assesses the prevalence of undernutrition among school-going girls of central Indian town-Sagar of Madhya Pradesh. A total of 312 girls of age cohort of 5-18 years were included. Height-forage , weight-forage and body mass index for age were used to evaluate their nutritional status and these were compared with the NCHS (2005) reference data. There were wide variations in stunting, underweight and undernourished among the girls. In the present investigation z-score and composite index of anthropometric failure were also computed. The study reveals that highest mean BMI was found 19.2 Kgm-2 for girls of 17 year of age; whereas lowest mean BMI was 13.7 K gm-2 for girls of 5 year of age. Present studied girls have low mean body weight, short stature and low mean BMI than the reference population (NCHS). It was found that 5.4% girls were stunted, 5.7% girls were underweight and 4.1% girls were undernourished. As per composite index of anthropometric fai...
In developing countries, nutritional transition is going on, and because of it, dual burden of ma... more In developing countries, nutritional transition is going on, and because of it, dual burden of malnutrition is common phenomenon; which can be defined as coexistence of under and over nutrition. The aim of the present study was to assess the level and extent of undernutrition and obesity among the boys and girls of Hathin block, district Palwal, Haryana. A cross sectional study was conducted on a total of 2558 individuals; consisting of 1284 boys and 1274 girls aged 0 to 20 years. The nutritional status was assessed using anthropometric indicators viz. body weight, height and body mass index (BMI), Z score for weight, Z score for height and Z score for BMI. It was found that 4.8% boys and 4.6% girls were underweight, 6.8% boys and 6.3% girls were stunting, 3.5% girls and boys were undernourished whereas 1.5% boys and 1.9% girls were overweight, 2.2 % girls and boys were obese. During early childhood underweight (5.6% boys and 7% girls) and stunting (6.9% boys 7% girls) was higher th...
The present study was conducted among the Bidi workers of a village named Pathaiya Jat of Sagar d... more The present study was conducted among the Bidi workers of a village named Pathaiya Jat of Sagar district of Madhya Pradesh. The data were collected on 254 individuals belonging to a total of 119 households. Anthropometric measurement viz. stature (height), body weight, acromian height and sitting height were measured and body mass index (BMI) and cormic index (CI) were com puted for each individual. The average body weight among males was found 56.6±11.0 kg and among females wer 50.6±9.86 kg. The average stature among males were 163.4±8.1 cm and among females 161.0±12 cm. The av erage body mass index among males was 21±4.1 kg m2 which is lower than females (22.6±4.4 kg m ). The mean cormic index among males was 0.507±0.052 which is similar to females 0.507±0.044. A total of 46. 3% Bidi workers were found malnourished out of which the proportion of chronic energy deficient was higher as compared to obese. Further the proportions of obese were higher in females as compared to males. A...
Background: There has been little research conducted within developing nations examining the link... more Background: There has been little research conducted within developing nations examining the link between knowledge and diet-related perceptions and behaviors. In addition, prior investigations have rarely examined interrelationships between knowledge and other nutrition-related factors. Purpose: This study explored the relationship between nutrition knowledge, social/ informational factors, and diet-related outcomes among Indian adults with multiple chronic conditions. Methods: A snowball sampling technique was employed to recruit individuals. Hierarchical regression analysis was employed to examine mediating and moderating relationships. Results: Results from a cross-sectional survey indicated that knowledge only predicted use among those reporting greater pressure/concern from close others. Furthermore, social support and social trust were found to moderate the relationship between knowledge and diet-related perceptions and behaviors. Discussion: Results suggest that social factors may play a critical role in moderating the impact of nutrition knowledge on diet-related perceptions and behaviors. Translation to Health Education Practice: Public Health Education interventions targeting developing nations should aim to maximize consumers' nutrition knowledge while identifying valued close others who can help encourage positive health action. Furthermore, Health Educators as well as government and local communities must engage in outreach efforts to reinforce or, if necessary, change public perceptions regarding the food industry.
The present cross sectional study was conducted among Schedule castes populations of District "Ba... more The present cross sectional study was conducted among Schedule castes populations of District "Banda" Uttar Pradesh. Here is an attempt to find out the mortality profile and its association with biosocial determinants. For present study data was collected from 1050 households of 35 villages of district Banda (UP). The villages were selected using stratified sampling and respondent were selected randomly. Demographic information was collected on a total of 5527 individuals. To understand embryonic mortality pregnancy enumeration of 998 mothers were recorded. These mothers were experienced 5922 numbers of pregnancies out of which 5026 were termed as live birth. Out of 5026 live births, 1120 children were died before achieving maturity or adulthood. The average foetal loss per mother was computed 0.90±1.18, whereas the mean of child loss was found 1.12±1.50. The mortality measure like CDR, IMR and CMR were higher among Chamar (respectively CDR=25.1, IMR= 186.4 and CMR= 57.81) than Kori, Dhobi and Domar. The Mortality measurements like CDR and IMR of present study is higher than district, state and national level estimation. The regression analysis indicate that there is significant correlation (P<0.05) between child mortality and demographic, socioeconomic, and health & nutritional determinants except BMI.
Data on 8 anthropometric characters of 6663 adult males belonging to 22 caste groups, distributed... more Data on 8 anthropometric characters of 6663 adult males belonging to 22 caste groups, distributed in 38 districts of Central India were taken for present investigation, to study the morphometric variation. Cephalic index, nasal Index, Generalized Mahalanobis distances and its size and shape components were computed and dendrograms were drawn. Comparison of coefficient of variations shows that there exists variation in nasal breadth, nasal length, weight and hence in nasal index. But no marked variation was seen in respect of other anthropometric variables. Comparison of Mahalanobis distances leads to some close clusters among the caste groups, but many of the caste groups remained separated from other caste groups keeping their identities.
The paper aims to draw out biosocial correlates of nutrition through body mass index (BMI) and ch... more The paper aims to draw out biosocial correlates of nutrition through body mass index (BMI) and chronic energy deficiency (CED). The findings are based on cross-sectional data of 446 women aged 18-60 years from six different endogamous groups of two ecological zones. The mean age of studied women varied from 31 to 36 years. The mean age at menarche was found to be 14.50±1.32 years. Similarly mean age at menopause was found to be 46.22±4.00 years. The mean of reproductive life span varied from 27 to 35 years. Average number of pregnancies per women was 4.44±2.52, average foetal loss was 0.11, children surviving per women was 3.61, whereas average child loss per women was found to be 0.62 and average family size was 9.51. Variations in mean BMI kg/m2 between populations ranged between 18.56 and 20.71. Prevalence of CED was highest among the Brahmin women of Uttarakhand (58.3%) followed by Ahirwar of Madhya Pradesh (47.1%). Incidence of CED was found lowest among Brahmin women of Madhya...
FoodSciRN: New Trends in Healthy Eating (Topic), 1995
Iodine Deficiency Disorders are one of the biggest worldwide public health problem of today. Thei... more Iodine Deficiency Disorders are one of the biggest worldwide public health problem of today. Their effect is hidden and profound affecting the quality of human life. An attempt has been made to describe the various aspects of the National Iodine Deficiency Disorders control Programme (NIDDCP) being implemented in the country. The paper also focuses about the problems associated in implementing this national programme.
We assessed the impact of socio-economic factors on age at menarche among the adolescent female p... more We assessed the impact of socio-economic factors on age at menarche among the adolescent female population from the state of Madhya Pradesh, Central India. Records such as date of birth, chronological age, caste affiliation, size of place of residence, parents’ level of education and occupation, number of siblings, body height and weight, and age at menarche were collected for 330 students of A Central University, Sagar. The impact of socio-economic factors on age at menarche was analysed using analysis of variance. To establish the probability of menarche occurrence at a given age, time-to-event analysis was carried out using Kaplan-Meier curves and the log-rank test for curve comparison. The association between probability of attaining menarche and the independent variables was investigated using Cox proportional-hazard model. ANOVA and the Kaplan-Meier curves showed statistically significant differences in age at menarche according to size of the place of residence, number of sib...
We assessed the impact of socioeconomic factors on age at menarche among the adolescent female po... more We assessed the impact of socioeconomic factors on age at menarche among the adolescent female population from the state of Madhya Pradesh, Central India. Records such as date of birth, chronological age, caste affiliation, size of place of residence, parents' level of education and occupation, number of siblings, body height and weight, and age at menarche were collected for 330 students of A Central University, Sagar. The impact of socioeconomic factors on age at menarche was analysed using analysis of variance. To establish the probability of menarche occurrence at a given age, time-to-event analysis was carried out using Kaplan-Meier curves and the log-rank test for curve comparison. The association between probability of attaining menarche and the independent variables was investigated using Cox proportional hazard model. ANOVA and the Kaplan-Meier curves showed statistically significant differences in age at menarche according to size of the place of residence, number of s...
International Journal of Innovation and Scientific Research, Dec 25, 2014
Introduction: Fertility is generally used to indicate the actual reproductive performance of wome... more Introduction: Fertility is generally used to indicate the actual reproductive performance of women or group of female individuals. But generally fertility indicates the number of children, which were produced by women. In every society fertility is very essential to find out the birth rate and other factors which influenced this rate. Fertility is very important indicators of any society and family structure have its own important in demographic studies and planning the many of programs. Methods: In a cross sectional study, study the unit for anthropological demographical date was ever married women. A socioeconomic demographical house to house survey method used for collection of data was conducted by interview 112 females belong to 119 household of district Sagar of Madhya Pradesh. by using a pretested semi structure interview schedule. In semi structure interview schedule collected demographical data viz. age, sex, age at first birth, fertility detail such as total numbers of live births, numbers of children died, number of child surviving pregnancy experienced by mothers, reproductive wastage. The fertility history was arranged and developed for Bidi workers via. using the demographical and fertility measurements. By using these variable and measurements to estimate the fertility rates and ratio such as Child women ratio. Crude birth rate, general fertility rate, age specific fertility rate, general marital fertility rate, gross reproduction rat, total fertility rate. Results: That a largest proportion of mothers 66.2% were given births at 15-19 years of age and 33.03% at the age of 20-24 years of age. It is indicated the prevalence of early marriage among Bidi workers of district Sagar of Madhya Pradesh. The CWR has been found 361.5 and comparatively low with other population of central India.CBR among Bidi workers were computed to be 24.6 General fertility rate was 100 and General marital fertility rate was 138.2, whereas total fertility rate was 5.5 and Gross reproduction rate was 2.69. Conclusion: Bidi workers of District Sagar of Madhya Pradesh, a part of central India are one of the known occupational groups of state. Bidi workers who are low wage earner and lagging behind in socioeconomic , health status and demographical indicators. The most of the Bidi worker are illiterate and passionate under socioeconomically backward condition. Among them the female literacy rate is very poor, which directly or indirectly influenced their fertility mortality rate and their reproductive performance. They are also lagging behind in awareness of the sanitation and their living condition. Under all of these circumferences, there for is urgently need a program which tackle and improved these aspects problem.
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Papers by Rajesh Gautam