Abstract
Recent advances in sensing and software technologies enable us to obtain large-scale, yet fine 3D mesh models of cultural assets. However, such large models cannot be displayed interactively on consumer computers because of the performance limitation of the hardware. Cloud computing technology is a solution that can process a very large amount of information without adding to each client user’s processing cost. In this paper, we propose an interactive rendering system for large 3D mesh models, stored on a remote environment through a network of relatively small capacity machines, based on the cloud computing concept. Our system uses both model- and image-based rendering methods for efficient load balance between a server and clients. On the server, the 3D models are rendered by the model-based method using a hierarchical data structure with Level of Detail (LOD). On the client, an arbitrary view is constructed by using a novel image-based method, referred to as the Grid-Lumigraph, which blends colors from sampling images received from the server. The resulting rendering system can efficiently render any image in real time. We implemented the system and evaluated the rendering and data transferring performance.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.References
Cignoni, P., Ganovelli, F., Gobetti, E., Marton, F., Ponchio, F., & Scopigno, R. (2004). Adaptive TetraPuzzles—efficient out-of-core construction and visualization of gigantic polygonal models. ACM Transactions on Graphics (Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH 2004), 23(3), 796–803.
Dobbyn, S., Hamill, J., O’Conor, K., & O’Sullivan, C. (2005). Geopostors: A real-time geometry/impostor crowd rendering system. ACM Transaction on Graphics (Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH 2005), 24(3), 933.
Garland, M. & Heckbert, P. S. (1997). Surface simplification using quadric error metrics. In Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH 97 (pp. 209–216).
Gobbetti, E. & Marton, F (2004). Layered point clouds: A simple and efficient multiresolution structure for distributing and rendering gigantic point-sampled models. Computers and Graphics, 28(6), 2004.
Gobbetti, E. & Marton, F (2005). Far voxels: a multiresolution framework for interactive rendering of huge complex 3d models on commodity graphics platforms. ACM Transaction on Graphics, 24(3), 878–885.
Gortler, S. J., Grzeszczuk, R., Szeliski, R., & Cohen, M. F. (1996). The lumigraph. In Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH 96 (pp. 43–54).
Hoppe, H. (1996). Progressive meshes. In Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH 96, computer graphics (pp. 99–108).
Ikeuchi, K., Hasegawa, K., Nakazawa, A., Takamatsu, J., Oishi, T., & Masuda, T. (2004). Bayon digital archival project. In Proceedings of virtual systems and multimedia 2004 (pp. 334–343).
Jeschke, S., Wimmer, M., Schumann, H., & Purgathofer, W. (2005). Automatic impostor placement for guaranteed frame rates and low memory requirements. In Proceedings of the 2005 symposium on interactive 3D graphics and games (pp. 103–110).
Karypis, G., & Kumar, V. (1998). Multilevel k-way partitioning scheme for irregular graphs. Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing, 48(1), 96–129.
Koller, D., Turitzin, M., Levoy, M., Tarini, M., Croccia, G., Cignoni, P. & Scopigno, R. (2004). Protected interactive 3d graphics via remote rendering. In Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 (pp. 695–703).
Levoy, M. & Hanrahan, P. (1996). Light field rendering. In Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH 96 (pp. 31–42).
Levoy, M., Pulli, K., Curless, B., Rusinkiewicz, S., Koller, D., Pereira, L., Ginzton, M., Anderson, S., Davis, J., Ginsberg, J., Shade, J., & Fulk, D. (2000). The digital Michelangelo project: 3d scanning of large statues. In Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH 2000, computer graphics (pp. 131–144).
Luebke, D., Reddy, M., Cohen, J. D., Varshney, A., Watson, B., & Huebner, R. (2002). Level of detail for 3D graphics. San Mateo: Morgan Kaufmann.
Rusinkiewicz, S., & Levoy, M. (2000). QSplat: A multiresolution point rendering system for large meshes. In Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on computer graphics and interactive techniques (pp. 343–352).
Rusinkiewicz, S., & Levoy, M. (2001). Streaming QSplat: A viewer for networked visualization of large, dense models. In Proceedings of the 2001 symposium on interactive 3D graphics (pp. 63–68).
Shade, J., Lischinski, D., Salesin, D. H., DeRose, T., & Snyder, J. (1996). Hierarchical image caching for accelerated walkthroughs of complex environments. In Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH 96 (pp. 75–82).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Okamoto, Y., Oishi, T. & Ikeuchi, K. Image-Based Network Rendering of Large Meshes for Cloud Computing. Int J Comput Vis 94, 12–22 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-010-0383-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-010-0383-1