Abstract
Due to the limited resources of water quality sensor networks, how to design a routing protocol which can prolong the network life cycle is one of a research hotspots. In this paper, according to the event level and the node energy of the sensor networks, the nodes’ types are defined, which can help to determine the cluster node. Then, an event driven routing protocol (EDRP) is proposed, which considers the event information and the remaining energy of the whole network. Simulation results show that, compared with distributed energy-efficient clustering algorithm, EDRP can reduce the overall energy consumption of the network by 138–172%, based on different kinds of events. Besides, EDRP can effectively prolong the life cycle and greatly increase the amount of data transmission of the network.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Pan, Y., & Liu, G. (2019). Characteristics and applications of wireless sensor networks. Electronic Technology & Software Engineering, 2019(4), 2095–5650.
Guevara, J., Barrero, F., Vargas, E., Becerra, J., & Toral, S. (2012). Environmental wireless sensor network for road traffic applications. IET Intelligent Transport Systems, 6(2), 177–186.
Wang, C., Guo, S., & Yang, Y. (2016). An optimization framework for mobile data collection in energy-harvesting wireless sensor networks. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 15(12), 2969–2986.
Martinez, K., Hart, J. K., & Ong, R. (2004). Environmental sensor networks. IEEE Computer Society, 37(8), 50–56.
Yahya, A., Islam, S., Akhunzada, A., Ahmed, G., Shamshirband, S., & Lloret, J. (2018). Towards efficient sink mobility in underwater wireless sensor networks. Energies, 11, 1471.
Al-Jaoufi, M. A. A., Liu, Y., & Zhang, Z. J. (2018). An active defense model with low power consumption and deviation for wireless sensor networks utilizing evolutionary game theory. Energies, 11, 1281.
Shehadeh, H. A., Idris, M. Y. I., Ahmedy, I., Ramli, R., & Noor, N. M. (2018). The multi-objective optimization algorithm based on sperm fertilization procedure (MOSFP) method for solving wireless sensor networks optimization problems in smart grid applications. Energies, 11, 97.
Chen, Y. (2018). Routing technology overview of wireless sensor networks. Computer Knowledge and Technology, 14(23), 50–51.
Jia, H., Fan, X., & Lv, Y. (2018). Energy efficient clustering routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. Transducer and Microsystem Technologies, 37(8), 116–119.
Shen, B., Zhang, S., & Zhong, Y. (2006). Clustering routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. Journal of Software, 2006(7), 1588–1600.
Habibi, J., Ghrayeb, A., & Aghdam, A. G. (2013). Energy-efficient cooperative routing in wireless sensor networks: A mixed-integer optimization framework and explicit solution. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 61(8), 3424–3437.
Sharma, D., & Bhondekar, A. P. (2018). Traffic and energy aware routing for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. IEEE Communications Letters, 22(8), 1558–2558.
Lai, X. , & Wang, H. (2018). RNOB: Receiver negotiation opportunity broadcast protocol for trustworthy data dissemination in wireless sensor networks. In Special section on internet-of-things (IOT) big data trust management (pp. 2169–3536). IEEE.
Qing, L., Zhu, Q., & Wang, M. (2006). Design of a distributed energy-efficient clustering algorithm for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. Computer Communications, 29(12), 2230–2237.
Liu, J., & Hu, Y. (2014). A balanced and energy-efficient clustering algorithm for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. In 2014 6th conference on Wireless communications and signal processing (WCSP), Hefei (pp. 1–6). IEEE.
Fang, W., & Hu, Y. (2018). Improved DEEC algorithm in wireless sensor networks. Journal of Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 39(01), 66–70.
Wang, X., & Dong, B. (2017). A reactive routing algorithms based on energy efficiency. Journal of Northeast Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 49(03), 68–72.
Che, W., Ou, L., Wang, H., & Li, J. (2002). Rainwater runoff quality and its main influencing factors in Beijing urban area. Technologies and Equipment for Enviro.poll.cont., 2002(01), 33–37.
Bouraoui, M., & Meddeb, A. (2015). Optimal number of cluster heads for random topology WSNs using the stable election protocol. In Global summit on computer & information technology (GSCIT), Sousse (pp.1–5). IEEE.
Deng, S. (2018). Research on optimizing cluster head selection and balancing network energy based on LEACH protocol (pp. 32–38). Shanghai: Shanghai Normal University.
Su, S., & Zhang, H. (2017). Adaptive clustering scheme for WSNs based on optimal cluster head node number. Control Engineering, 24(05), 1671–7848.
Cheng, L. (2015). Research on cluster head election strategy and routing algorithm based on LEACH protocol in WSN (pp. 35–41). Hangzhou: Hangzhou University of Electronic Science and Technology.
Funding
This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Grant Nos. 61802010 and 61703008; and the Funds for basic scientific research of BTBU in 2019, Grant No. PXM2019_014213_000007.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, X., Cheng, G., Sun, Q. et al. An event-driven energy-efficient routing protocol for water quality sensor networks. Wireless Netw 26, 5855–5866 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-020-02320-4
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-020-02320-4