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Ethical Acceptability of Robot-Assisted Therapy for Children with Autism: A Survey From a Developing Country

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Abstract

Little is known about people’s attitudes and expectations about using robots for children with autism on a global stage. To address this issue, we conducted an exploratory survey investigating the ethical acceptability of robot-assisted autism therapy in a developing country with respondents from Vietnam using the Ethical Acceptability Scale (EAS). We found that people in our sample have a higher positive view compared to European ones in a previous survey. However, they expressed certain concerns about robots replacing human therapists. In terms of robot appearances, they slightly preferred animal-like robots over human-like robots. Possible reasons can be low awareness and utilization of assistive technology for children with autism, influences from East Asian culture and audiovisual entertainment, and perceiving robots used in autism therapy as pets or toys. Additionally, we found no significant association between socio-demographic factors and the three EAS subscales. Our study contributes to a better understanding of how people from different social, cultural, and economic backgrounds perceive robot-assisted autism therapy, which is essential for designing ethical social robots and using them ethically.

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Data Availability

Data are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Funding

The work leading to these results has received funding from Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy (no. KY-06) and partially from the European Commission 7th Framework Program as a part of the project DREAM grant no. 611391.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Brubotics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Flanders Make, Brussels, Belgium

    Hoang-Long Cao

  2. College of Engineering, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Vietnam

    Hoang-Long Cao, Hoang-Dung Nguyen & Chi-Ngon Nguyen

  3. Faculty of Medicine, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam

    Thang Thien Tran, Thong Van Nguyen & Phuong Minh Nguyen

  4. Department of Psychiatry, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Tuan Van Nguyen

  5. Independent Researcher, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Vu Duc Truong

Authors
  1. Hoang-Long Cao
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  2. Thang Thien Tran
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  3. Thong Van Nguyen
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  4. Phuong Minh Nguyen
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  5. Tuan Van Nguyen
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  6. Vu Duc Truong
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  7. Hoang-Dung Nguyen
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  8. Chi-Ngon Nguyen
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Hoang-Long Cao, Thang Thien Tran, and Vu Duc Truong. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Hoang-Long Cao and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hoang-Long Cao.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

The authors declare that this research was conducted in full accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The study was approved by the ethical committee of Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy.

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Appendix A: Items and Factor Loadings for the three Ethical Acceptability Subscale Factors (Vietnamese)

Appendix A: Items and Factor Loadings for the three Ethical Acceptability Subscale Factors (Vietnamese)

  1. 1.

    Việc sử dụng robot trong trị liệu tự kỷ cho trẻ em là chấp nhận được về mặt đạo đức.

  2. 2.

    Việc sử dụng robot trong y tế là chấp nhận được về mặt đạo đức.

  3. 3.

    Việc sử dụng robot trong việc theo dõi tiến trình trị liệu và hỗ trợ quá trình chẩn đoán cho trẻ tự kỷ là chấp nhận được về mặt đạo đức.

  4. 4.

    Việc robot tự ghi và lưu trữ thông tin khi giao tiếp với trẻ tự kỷ là chấp nhận được về mặt đạo đức.

  5. 5.

    Việc robot hỗ trợ việc giao tiếp giữa trị liệu viên và trẻ tự kỷ là chấp nhận được về mặt đạo đức.

  6. 6.

    Việc trẻ tự kỷ xem robot là bạn (một kết quả của quá trình trị liệu) là chấp nhận được về mặt đạo đức.

  7. 7.

    Việc trẻ em trở nên gắn bó với robot là chấp nhận được về mặt đạo đức.

  8. 8.

    Việc chế tạo robot có hình dáng giống con người là chấp nhận được về mặt đạo đức.

  9. 9.

    Việc robot thay thế trị liệu viên để dạy kỹ năng cho trẻ tự kỷ là chấp nhận được về mặt đạo đức.

  10. 10.

    Việc chế tạo robot có hình dáng giống các sinh vật giả tưởng là chấp nhận được về mặt đạo đức.

  11. 11.

    Việc chế tạo robot có hình dáng giống đồ vật là chấp nhận được về mặt đạo đức.

  12. 12.

    Việc chế tạo robot có hình dáng giống các con vật là chấp nhận được về mặt đạo đức.

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Cao, HL., Tran, T.T., Van Nguyen, T. et al. Ethical Acceptability of Robot-Assisted Therapy for Children with Autism: A Survey From a Developing Country. Int J of Soc Robotics 15, 1655–1664 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-023-01060-7

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