Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Article
  • Published:

A novel human primary immunodeficiency syndrome caused by deficiency of the endosomal adaptor protein p14

Nature Medicine volume 13, pages 38–45 (2007)Cite this article

Abstract

Lysosome-related organelles have versatile functions, including protein and lipid degradation, signal transduction and protein secretion. The molecular elucidation of rare congenital diseases affecting endosomal-lysosomal biogenesis has given insights into physiological functions of the innate and adaptive immune system. Here, we describe a previously unknown human primary immunodeficiency disorder and provide evidence that the endosomal adaptor protein p14, previously characterized as confining mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling to late endosomes, is crucial for the function of neutrophils, B cells, cytotoxic T cells and melanocytes. Combining genetic linkage studies and transcriptional profiling analysis, we identified a homozygous point mutation in the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of p14 (also known as MAPBPIP), resulting in decreased protein expression. In p14-deficient cells, the distribution of late endosomes was severely perturbed, suggesting a previously unknown role for p14 in endosomal biogenesis. These findings have implications for understanding endosomal membrane dynamics, compartmentalization of cell signal cascades, and their role in immunity.

Access through your institution
Buy or subscribe

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Access options

Access through your institution

Buy this article

  • Purchase on SpringerLink
  • Instant access to full article PDF
Buy now

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Figure 1: Clinical presentation.
Figure 2: Phenotype of immune cells and melanocytes.
Figure 3: Haplotypes, mutational analysis and determination of RNA instability.
Figure 4: Reconstitution of lysosome-related organelles in neutrophils upon retroviral p14 gene transfer.
Figure 5: Defective signal transduction and late endosomal distribution in p14-deficient fibroblasts.
Figure 6: Aberrant subcellular distribution of late endosomes in p14-deficient fibroblasts and reconstitution upon retroviral gene transfer.

Similar content being viewed by others

Accession codes

Accessions

GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ

References

  1. Fischer, A. Human primary immunodeficiency diseases: a perspective. Nat. Immunol. 5, 23–30 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Stinchcombe, J., Bossi, G. & Griffiths, G.M. Linking albinism and immunity: the secrets of secretory lysosomes. Science 305, 55–59 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Barbosa, M.D.F.S. et al. Identification of the homologous beige and Chediak-Higashi syndrome genes. Nature 382, 262–265 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Nagle, D.L. et al. Identification and mutation analysis of the complete gene for Chediak-Higashi syndrome. Nat. Genet. 14, 307–311 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Klein, C. et al. Partial albinism with immunodeficiency (Griscelli syndrome). J. Pediatr. 125, 886–895 (1994).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Ménasché, G. et al. Mutations in RAB27A cause Griscelli syndrome associated with haemophagocytic syndrome. Nat. Genet. 25, 173–176 (2000).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Dell'Angelica, E.C., Shotelersuk, V., Aguilar, R.C., Gahl, W.A. & Bonifacino, J.S. Altered trafficking of lysosomal proteins in Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome due to mutations in the β3A subunit of the AP-3 adaptor. Mol. Cell 3, 11–21 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Jung, J. et al. Identification of a homozygous deletion in the AP3B1 gene causing Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, type 2. Blood 108, 362–369 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Kornfeld, S. & Mellman, I. The biogenesis of lysosomes. Annu. Rev. Cell Biol. 5, 483–525 (1989).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Janvier, K. & Bonifacino, J.S. Role of the endocytic machinery in the sorting of lysosome-associated membrane proteins. Mol. Biol. Cell 16, 4231–4242 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Bonifacino, J.S. & Glick, B.S. The mechanisms of vesicle budding and fusion. Cell 116, 153–166 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Ghosh, P., Dahms, N.M. & Kornfeld, S. Mannose 6-phosphate receptors: new twists in the tale. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 4, 202–212 (2003).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Gruenberg, J. & Stenmark, H. The biogenesis of multivesicular endosomes. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 5, 317–323 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Mor, A. & Philips, M.R. Compartmentalized Ras/MAPK signalling. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 24, 771–800 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Kolch, W. Coordinating ERK/MAPK signalling through scaffolds and inhibitors. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 6, 827–837 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Wunderlich, W. et al. A novel 14-kilodalton protein interacts with the mitogen-activated protein kinase scaffold mp1 on a late endosomal/lysosomal compartment. J. Cell Biol. 152, 765–776 (2001).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Teis, D., Wunderlich, W. & Huber, L.A. Localization of the MP1-MAPK scaffold complex to endosomes is mediated by p14 and required for signal transduction. Dev. Cell 3, 803–814 (2002).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Kurzbauer, R. et al. Crystal structure of the p14/MP1 scaffolding complex: how a twin couple attaches mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling to late endosomes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101, 10984–10989 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Russell, J.H. & Ley, T.J. Lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 20, 323–370 (2002).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Trambas, C.M. & Griffiths, G.M. Delivering the kiss of death. Nat. Immunol. 4, 399–403 (2003).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Hamers, M.N., Bot, A.A., Weening, R.S., Sips, H.J. & Roos, D. Kinetics and mechanism of the bactericidal action of human neutrophils against Escherichia coli. Blood 64, 635–641 (1984).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Chen, J.-M., Férec, C. & Cooper, D.N. A systematic analysis of disease-associated variants in the 3′ regulatory regions of human protein-coding genes I: general principles and overview. Hum. Genet. 120, 1–21 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Souza, L.M. et al. Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor: effects on normal and leukemic myeloid cells. Science 232, 61–65 (1986).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Semerad, C.L., Liu, F., Gregory, A.D., Stumpf, K. & Link, D.C. G-CSF is an essential regulator of neutrophil trafficking from the bone marrow to the blood. Immunity 17, 413–423 (2002).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Aarts, L.H.J., Roovers, O., Ward, A.C. & Touw, I.P. Receptor activation and 2 distinct COOH-terminal motifs control G-CSF receptor distribution and internalization kinetics. Blood 103, 571–579 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Teis, D. et al. p14-MP1-MEK1 signaling regulates endosomal traffic and cellular proliferation during tissue homeostasis. J. Cell Biol. (in the press).

  27. Price, T.H., Chatta, G.S. & Dale, D.C. Effect of recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on neutrophil kinetics in normal young and elderly humans. Blood 88, 335–340 (1996).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Carlsson, G. et al. Kostmann syndrome: severe congenital neutropenia associated with defective expression of Bcl-2, constitutive mitochondrial release of cytochrome c, and excessive apoptosis of myeloid progenitor cells. Blood 103, 3355–3361 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Klein, C. et al. Deficiency of HAX1 causes severe congenital neutropenia (Kostmann disease). Nat. Genet. (in the press).

  30. Köllner, I. et al. Mutations in neutrophil elastase causing congenital neutropenia lead to cytoplasmic protein accumulation and induction of the unfolded protein response. Blood 108, 493–500 (2006).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Zhuang, D., Qiu, Y., Kogan, S.C. & Dong, F. Increased CCAAT enhancer-binding protein epsilon (C/EBPepsilon) expression and premature apoptosis in myeloid cells expressing Gfi-1 N382S mutant associated with severe congenital neutropenia. J. Biol. Chem. 281, 10745–10751 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Huynh, C., Roth, D., Ward, D.M., Kaplan, J. & Andrews, N.W. Defective lysosomal exocytosis and plasma membrane repair in Chediak-Higashi/beige cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101, 16795–16800 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Baetz, K., Isaatz, S. & Griffiths, G.M. Loss of cytotoxic T lymphocyte function in Chediak Higashi syndrome arises from a secretory defect that prevents lytic granule exocytosis. J. Immunol. 154, 6122–6131 (1995).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Haddad, E.K., Wu, X., Hammer, J.A., III. & Henkart, P.A. Defective granule exocytosis in Rab27a-deficient lymphocytes from ashen mice. J. Cell Biol. 152, 835–842 (2001).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Stinchcombe, J. et al. Rab27a is required for regulated secretion in cytotoxic T lymphocytes. J. Cell Biol. 152, 825–834 (2001).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. O'Connell, J.R. & Weeks, D.E. PedCheck: A program for identification of genotype incompatibilities in linkage analysis. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 63, 259–266 (1998).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Lathrop, G.M. & Lalouel, J.-M. Easy calculations of LOD scores and genetic risks on small computers. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 36, 460–465 (1984).

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  38. Cottingham, R.W., Idury, R.M., Jr. & Schäffer, A.A. Faster sequential genetic linkage computations. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 53, 252–263 (1993).

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  39. Schäffer, A.A., Gupta, S.K., Shriram, K. & Cottingham, R.W., Jr. Avoiding recomputation in linkage analysis. Hum. Hered. 44, 225–237 (1994).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Hino, M. et al. Ex vivo expansion of mature human neutrophils with normal functions from purified peripheral blood CD34+ haematopoietic progenitor cells. Br. J. Haematol. 109, 314–321 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Klein, C., Bueeler, H. & Mulligan, R.C. Comparative analysis of genetically modified dendritic cells and cytokine transduced tumor cells as therapeutic cancer vaccines. J. Exp. Med. 191, 1699–1708 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Ory, D.S., Neugeboren, B.A. & Mulligan, R.C. A stable human-derived packaging cell line for production of high titer retrovirus/vesicular stomatitis virus G pseudotypes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93, 11400–11406 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We thank M. Schlesier (University of Freiburg) for the B-cell phenotyping, I. Sandrock, G. Köhne, F. Noyan, K. Boztug and M. Ballmaier for laboratory support, C. Roifman (Hospital for Sick Children) and R. Gatti (University of California at Los Angeles) for providing control samples on Mennonite families, and E. Ungewickell, C. Baum, J. Bohne, C. Kardinal and H. Holtmann for critical discussions. We thank B. Tümmler (Hannover Medical School), C. Baum (Hannover Medical School) and I. Touw (Erasmus University Medical Center) for reagents, M. Zimmermann for help in statistical evaluations and M. Offterdinger for help in determining subcellular distribution of endosomes. This research was supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft grants KFO110 and GR1617/3, BMBF, the Elternverein Krebskranke Kinder Hannover, the Austrian Proteomics Platform (APP, GEN-AU), the Special Research Program “Cell Proliferation and Cell Death in Tumors” (SFB021, Austrian Science Fund) and in part by the intramural research program of the US National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine (NLM).

Author information

Author notes

  1. Bodo Grimbacher

    Present address: Department of Immunology and Molecular Pathology, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, Pond Street, London, NW3 2QG, UK

  2. Bodo Grimbacher and Christoph Klein: These authors contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Carl Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg Strasse 1, Hannover, D-30625, Germany

    Georg Bohn, Anna Allroth, Chozhavendan Rathinam, Cornelia Zeidler, Ricardo A Dewey, Karl Welte & Christoph Klein

  2. Department of Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg Strasse 1, Hannover, D-30625, Germany

    Gudrun Brandes

  3. Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse, D-79106 55, Freiburg, Germany

    Jens Thiel, Erik Glocker & Bodo Grimbacher

  4. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, 20894, Maryland, USA

    Alejandro A Schäffer

  5. Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Fritz-Pregl Strasse 3, Innsbruck, A-6020, Austria

    Nicole Taub, David Teis & Lukas A Huber

  6. Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HCI), Array Facility and Mucosal Immunity, Inhoffenstrasse 7, Braunschweig, D-38124, Germany

    Robert Geffers & Jan Buer

Authors
  1. Georg Bohn
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  2. Anna Allroth
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  3. Gudrun Brandes
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jens Thiel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  5. Erik Glocker
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  6. Alejandro A Schäffer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  7. Chozhavendan Rathinam
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  8. Nicole Taub
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  9. David Teis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  10. Cornelia Zeidler
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  11. Ricardo A Dewey
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  12. Robert Geffers
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  13. Jan Buer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  14. Lukas A Huber
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  15. Karl Welte
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  16. Bodo Grimbacher
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  17. Christoph Klein
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

A.A., G. Brandes and J.T. contributed equally to this work. G. Bohn sequenced candidate genes and performed most molecular and cellular functional studies. A.A. characterized the 3′ UTR mutation by assessing RNA metabolism and functional reporter assays. G. Brandes performed electron microscopy and immunofluorescence studies. J.T. performed fine-mapping, screened candidate genes and helped to edit the manuscript. E.G. performed the genome-wide scan. A.A.S. carried out the genetic linkage analysis computations, chose the markers for genetic linkage fine mapping and wrote parts of the manuscript. C.R. performed E. coli lysis assays. N.T. and D.T. did immunofluorescence studies on endosomes. C.Z. cared for patients, and collected and curated data in SCN patient registry. R.A.D. assisted Bohn, A.A. and C.R. R.G. and J.B. performed microarray experiments. L.A.H. gave advice on endosome biology, and educated and supervised N.T. and D.T. K.W. provided laboratory resources, resources for SCN registry and significant help to initiate and carry out the study. B.G. initiated the project together with C.K., educated and supervised J.T. and E.G., assisted A.A.S. in linkage analysis, provided grant and laboratory resources and edited the manuscript. C.K. designed and directed the study, obtained clinical samples, taught and supervised Bohn, A.A., C.R. and R.A.D., provided laboratory and financial resources and wrote the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Christoph Klein.

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing financial interests.

Supplementary information

Supplementary Fig. 1

Assessment of granzyme B and perforin in cytotoxic T-cells, and TEM of neutrophil granulocytes of patients #10, 12 and 13. (PDF 1673 kb)

Supplementary Fig. 2

Statistical analysis of E. coli lysis assay. Data presented in Fig. 4b were transformed by grouping the samples from HD and genetically corrected cells from patient #5 (black lines). (PDF 61 kb)

Supplementary Fig. 3

Analysis of G-CSF-receptor (G-CSFR) transgenic fibroblast cell lines. (PDF 88 kb)

Supplementary Figure 4

Statistical analysis of endosome distribution with respect to the distance from the nucleus. (PDF 2523 kb)

Supplementary Table 1

Immunophenotyping, in vitro T-cell proliferation, serum immunoglobulin levels and vaccination titers. (PDF 116 kb)

Supplementary Table 2

LOD scores and target genes. (PDF 98 kb)

Supplementary Table 3

Transcriptional profiling of EBV-transformed B-cell lines. Expression intensities of transcripts in EBV-transformed B-cell lines derived from parents (#1, 2) werecompared to B-cell lines derived from two patients (#12, 13). (PDF 131 kb)

Supplementary Methods (PDF 164 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Bohn, G., Allroth, A., Brandes, G. et al. A novel human primary immunodeficiency syndrome caused by deficiency of the endosomal adaptor protein p14. Nat Med 13, 38–45 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1038/nm1528

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nm1528

This article is cited by

Search

Advanced search

Quick links

Nature Briefing

Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily.

Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Sign up for Nature Briefing