Hybrid Fiber and Microwave Protection for Mobile Backhauling

Yanpeng Yang; Ki Won Sung; Lena Wosinska; Jiajia Chen

doi:10.1364/JOCN.6.000869

Journal of Optical Communications and Networking
Vol. 6,
Issue 10,
pp. 869-878
(2014)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.6.000869

Hybrid Fiber and Microwave Protection for Mobile Backhauling

Yanpeng Yang, Ki Won Sung, Lena Wosinska, and Jiajia Chen

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Yanpeng Yang, Ki Won Sung, Lena Wosinska, and Jiajia Chen, "Hybrid Fiber and Microwave Protection for Mobile Backhauling," J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 6, 869-878 (2014)

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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: February 4, 2014
- Revised Manuscript: August 6, 2014
- Manuscript Accepted: August 13, 2014
- Published: September 19, 2014

Abstract

Several studies have shown that optical-fiber-based backhauling offers a future proof solution to handle rapidly increasing traffic in wireless access networks and outperforms other existing backhauling technologies, such as microwave and copper, in terms of capacity, scalability, and sustainability. However, the deployment cost of fiber infrastructure is relatively high and it may be difficult to provide a cost efficient and flexible protection strategy for a fiber backhauling network. Considering that protection is very important to avoid service interruption in a high-capacity mobile backhauling network, in this paper we propose a hybrid fiber and microwave protection scheme for mobile backhauling based on a passive optical network (PON). The proposed reliable architecture is compatible with any wavelength division multiplexing (WDM)-based PON, e.g., pure WDM PON and a hybrid time and wavelength division multiplexing (TWDM) PON, offering high flexibility and relatively low deployment cost. The backup for the feeder fiber is provided by dual homing, while the protection of the distribution section can be established via a microwave connection between two base stations in case high reliability performance is required, e.g., for macrocells covering large service areas. We have carried out an extensive assessment of our approach in terms of connection availability, failure impact, complexity, and flexibility in providing resiliency. We also show a comparison with other existing solutions. The evaluation results confirm that our scheme can achieve relatively high flexibility and reliability performance while maintaining low complexity compared with the existing approaches.

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	Scheme 1	Scheme 2	Scheme 3	Scheme 4
Number of ONUs per working FF	M	M	$M - 1$	M (one is dedicated to protection and $M - 1$ are associated with base stations)
Number of working/backup optical TRXs at ONU side	1/1	1/0	1/0	1/0 (if working ONU) 0/N (if backup ONU)
Number of working/backup optical TRXs at OLT side	M/M	M/0	M/m (m backup TRXs should be tunable)	M/M
Number (and size) of AWGs in the field	2 ( $2 \times M / 2$ )	1 ( $M \times M$ ) and M ( $1 \times M / 2$ )	1 ( $M \times M$ )	2 ( $1 \times M$ )
Number of OSs per ONU	0	1	1/ $(M - 1)$	0
Number of disjoint FFs	2 RFFs and 4 MFFs	M	2	1 (1 more interconnection fiber (IF) is required to connect two ONUs dedicated to protection)
Number of DFs normalized to one working FF	M	M (another M interconnection fiber between two neighboring ONUs if DF protection is required)	2M (in order to make a ring for distribution section protection)	M
Consisting of wireless TRX or not	Yes	No	No	Yes
Total capacity required for protection carried out by wireless segment	$C$ (assuming $C$ is average bandwidth required for the connection between the OLT and one ONU)	Not applied	Not applied	Up to $(M - 1) \times C$

Component	Symbol	Unavailability	Component	Symbol	Unavailability
Optical TRX	$U_{TRX} = 1 - A_{TRX}$	$4 \times 10^{- 6}$	Tunable optical TRX	$U_{PTRX} = 1 - A_{PTRX}$	$1.1 \times 10^{- 5}$
OS	$U_{OS} = 1 - A_{OS}$	$6 \times 10^{- 6}$	Optical filter	$U_{Filter} = 1 - A_{Filter}$	$1.3 \times 10^{- 6}$
Splitter	$U_{Splitter} = 1 - A_{Splitter}$	$10^{- 7}$	OLT chassis	$A_{OLTChassis}$	$2.2 \times 10^{- 5}$
DF	$U_{DF} = 1 - A_{DF}$	$8 \times 10^{- 6} / km$	Feeder fiber	${UFF}_{i} = 1 - {AFF}_{i}$	$1.2 \times 10^{- 5} / km$
AWG (80 channels)	$U_{AWG 1} = 1 - A_{AWG 1}$	$6 \times 10^{- 6}$	AWG (160 channels)	$U_{AWG 2} = 1 - A_{AWG 2}$	$9 \times 10^{- 6}$
Wireless link	$U_{Wireless} = 1 - A_{Wireless}$	$3.3 \times 10^{- 5}$	ONU chassis	$A_{ONUChassis}$	$2.55 \times 10^{- 5}$
ONU	$A_{ONU} = A_{TRX} \times A_{ONUChassis}$	OLT	$A_{OLT} = A_{TRX} \times A_{AWG 2} \times A_{OLTChassis}$	—	—
Link $X_{1}$	$A_{X_{1}} = A_{ONU} \times A_{DF} \times A_{AWG 1}$	Link $X_{2}$	$A_{X_{2}} = A_{Filter} \times A_{RFF 1} \times A_{OLT}$	—	—
Link $Y_{1}$	$A_{Y_{1}} = A_{Wireless} \times A_{ONU} \times A_{DF} \times A_{AWG 1} \times A_{MFF 3}$	Link $Y_{2}$	$A_{Y_{2}} = A_{Filter} \times A_{RFF 2} \times A_{OLT}$	—	—

	Fiber Length (km)
	Working FF	Protection FF	DF
Dense urban	6	11	1.5
Urban	23	38	2.5
Rural	40	72	3.5

Scheme $1^{*}$	FIF	Scheme 2	FIF	Scheme 3	FIF
ONU	$2.55 E - 05$	ONU	$2.55 E - 05$	ONU	$2.55 E - 05$
DF	$2.80 E - 05$	OS	$0.60 E - 05$	AWG	0.00144
AWG	0.00048	AWG ( $M \times M$ )	0.11520	OS	0.00096
		Splitters	0.02560	OLT	0.00496
		OLT	0.44799
SUM	0.00053	SUM	0.58882	SUM	0.00739

	Scheme 1	Scheme 2	Scheme 3	Scheme 4
Protection of FF	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Protection of DF	Optional	Optional	Mandatory	Mandatory
Protection of OLT	Yes	No	Only $m : M$ TRX protection	Yes (for feeder protection, half of total capacity should be reserved)
Protection of SPs	SP1s are always protected; the others are protected if DF protection is offered	M ( $1 \times M / 2$ ) AWGs are protected	No	Yes
Protection of ONU	Optional	No	No	Yes

Hybrid Fiber and Microwave Protection for Mobile Backhauling

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Journal of Optical Communications and Networking