Iron and calcium translocation from pure gypsum and iron-amended gypsum by two brown rot fungi and a white rot fungus
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Jonathan S. Schilling
Abstract
Wood-degrading fungi commonly grow in contact with calcium (Ca)-containing building materials and may import Ca and iron (Fe) from soil into forest woody debris. For brown rot fungi, imported Ca2+ may neutralize oxalate, while Fe3+ may facilitate Fenton-based degradation mechanisms. We previously demonstrated, in two independent trials, that degradation of spruce by wood-degrading fungi was not promoted when Ca or Fe were imported from gypsum or metallic Fe, respectively. Here, we tested pine wood with lower endogenous Ca than the spruce blocks used in prior experiments, and included a pure gypsum treatment and one amended with 1% with FeSO4. Electron microscopy with microanalysis verified that brown rot fungi Serpula himantioides and Gloeophyllum trabeum and the white rot fungus Irpex lacteus grew on gypsum and produced iron-free Ca-oxalate crystals away from the gypsum surface. Wood cation analysis verified significant Fe import by both brown rot isolates in Fe-containing treatments. Wood degradation was highest in Fe-gypsum-containing treatments for all three fungi, although only wood degraded by I. lacteus had significant Ca import. We suggest that Fe impurities may not exacerbate brown rot, and that both brown and white rot fungi may utilize Ca-containing materials.
©2008 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin New York
Abstract
Wood-degrading fungi commonly grow in contact with calcium (Ca)-containing building materials and may import Ca and iron (Fe) from soil into forest woody debris. For brown rot fungi, imported Ca2+ may neutralize oxalate, while Fe3+ may facilitate Fenton-based degradation mechanisms. We previously demonstrated, in two independent trials, that degradation of spruce by wood-degrading fungi was not promoted when Ca or Fe were imported from gypsum or metallic Fe, respectively. Here, we tested pine wood with lower endogenous Ca than the spruce blocks used in prior experiments, and included a pure gypsum treatment and one amended with 1% with FeSO4. Electron microscopy with microanalysis verified that brown rot fungi Serpula himantioides and Gloeophyllum trabeum and the white rot fungus Irpex lacteus grew on gypsum and produced iron-free Ca-oxalate crystals away from the gypsum surface. Wood cation analysis verified significant Fe import by both brown rot isolates in Fe-containing treatments. Wood degradation was highest in Fe-gypsum-containing treatments for all three fungi, although only wood degraded by I. lacteus had significant Ca import. We suggest that Fe impurities may not exacerbate brown rot, and that both brown and white rot fungi may utilize Ca-containing materials.
©2008 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin New York
Articles in the same Issue
- Original Papers
- Soda–AQ delignification of poplar wood. Part 1: Reaction mechanism and pulp properties
- Soda-AQ delignification of poplar wood. Part 2: Further degradation of initially dissolved lignins
- Effect of autohydrolysis of Eucalyptus globulus wood on lignin structure. Part 1: Comparison of different lignin fractions formed during water prehydrolysis
- Effect of autohydrolysis of Eucalyptus globulus wood on lignin structure. Part 2: Influence of autohydrolysis intensity
- Extraction of galactoglucomannan from spruce wood with pressurised hot water
- Determination of ethylenic residues in wood and TMP of spruce by FT-Raman spectroscopy
- Quantitative assessment of total phenol contents of European oak (Quercus petraea and Quercus robur) by diffuse reflectance NIR spectroscopy on solid wood surfaces
- Valence band spectroscopy on lignin
- Analysis of acids and degradation products related to iron and sulfur in the Swedish warship Vasa
- Fenton-induced degradation of polyethylene glycol and oak holocellulose. A model experiment in comparison to changes observed in conserved waterlogged wood
- Towards novel wood-based materials: Chemical bonds between lignin-like model molecules and poly(furfuryl alcohol) studied by NMR
- Manufacture of laminated strand veneer (LSV) composite. Part 1: Optimization and characterization of thin strand veneers
- Manufacture of laminated strand veneer (LSV) composite. Part 2: Elastic and strength properties of laminate of thin strand veneers
- Flexural, in-plane shear and nail shear properties of falcataria-rubberwood laminated veneer board for flooring
- Impedance spectroscopy and circuit modeling of Southern pine above 20% moisture content
- Sorption and thermodynamic properties of juvenile Pinus sylvestris L. wood after 103 years of submersion
- Iron and calcium translocation from pure gypsum and iron-amended gypsum by two brown rot fungi and a white rot fungus
- Ribosomal DNA intergenic spacer of indoor wood-decay fungi
- Short Notes
- Analysis of thermally treated wood samples using dynamic FT-IR-spectroscopy
- Observation of the influence of temperature on the mechanical properties of wood adhesives by nanoindentation
- Book review
- Identification of the timbers of Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific
- Personalia
- Prof. Dr. Olaf Schmidt retired at 65
- Contents Volume 62
- Contents Volume 62 (2008)
- Meeting
- Meetings
- Acknowledgement
- Acknowledgement
- Author index
- Author index
- Species index (scientific names)
- Species index (scientific names)
- Subject index
- Subject index
Articles in the same Issue
- Original Papers
- Soda–AQ delignification of poplar wood. Part 1: Reaction mechanism and pulp properties
- Soda-AQ delignification of poplar wood. Part 2: Further degradation of initially dissolved lignins
- Effect of autohydrolysis of Eucalyptus globulus wood on lignin structure. Part 1: Comparison of different lignin fractions formed during water prehydrolysis
- Effect of autohydrolysis of Eucalyptus globulus wood on lignin structure. Part 2: Influence of autohydrolysis intensity
- Extraction of galactoglucomannan from spruce wood with pressurised hot water
- Determination of ethylenic residues in wood and TMP of spruce by FT-Raman spectroscopy
- Quantitative assessment of total phenol contents of European oak (Quercus petraea and Quercus robur) by diffuse reflectance NIR spectroscopy on solid wood surfaces
- Valence band spectroscopy on lignin
- Analysis of acids and degradation products related to iron and sulfur in the Swedish warship Vasa
- Fenton-induced degradation of polyethylene glycol and oak holocellulose. A model experiment in comparison to changes observed in conserved waterlogged wood
- Towards novel wood-based materials: Chemical bonds between lignin-like model molecules and poly(furfuryl alcohol) studied by NMR
- Manufacture of laminated strand veneer (LSV) composite. Part 1: Optimization and characterization of thin strand veneers
- Manufacture of laminated strand veneer (LSV) composite. Part 2: Elastic and strength properties of laminate of thin strand veneers
- Flexural, in-plane shear and nail shear properties of falcataria-rubberwood laminated veneer board for flooring
- Impedance spectroscopy and circuit modeling of Southern pine above 20% moisture content
- Sorption and thermodynamic properties of juvenile Pinus sylvestris L. wood after 103 years of submersion
- Iron and calcium translocation from pure gypsum and iron-amended gypsum by two brown rot fungi and a white rot fungus
- Ribosomal DNA intergenic spacer of indoor wood-decay fungi
- Short Notes
- Analysis of thermally treated wood samples using dynamic FT-IR-spectroscopy
- Observation of the influence of temperature on the mechanical properties of wood adhesives by nanoindentation
- Book review
- Identification of the timbers of Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific
- Personalia
- Prof. Dr. Olaf Schmidt retired at 65
- Contents Volume 62
- Contents Volume 62 (2008)
- Meeting
- Meetings
- Acknowledgement
- Acknowledgement
- Author index
- Author index
- Species index (scientific names)
- Species index (scientific names)
- Subject index
- Subject index
