Background and aim Attempts at personalisation of exercise programmes in head and neck cancer (Ha... more Background and aim Attempts at personalisation of exercise programmes in head and neck cancer (HaNC) have been limited. The main aim of the present study is to investigate the feasibility and acceptability of introducing a remotely delivered, fully personalised, collaborative, and flexible approach to prescribing and delivering exercise programmes into the HaNC usual care pathway. Methods This is a single arm, feasibility study. Seventy patients diagnosed with HaNC will be recruited from two regional HaNC centres in the United Kingdom. Patients will undertake an 8-week exercise programme designed and delivered by cancer exercise specialists. The exercise programme will start any time between the time of diagnosis and up to 8 weeks after completing treatment, depending on patient preference. The content of the exercise programme will be primarily based on patient needs, preferences, and goals, but guided by current physical activity guidelines for people with cancer. The primary outc...
Objectives:To investigate whether a single bout of mixed circuit training (MCT) can elicit acute ... more Objectives:To investigate whether a single bout of mixed circuit training (MCT) can elicit acute blood pressure (BP) reduction in chronic hemiparetic stroke patients, a phenomenon also known as post-exercise hypotension (PEH).Methods:Seven participants (58 ± 12 years) performed a non-exercise control session (CTL) and a single bout of MCT on separate days and in a randomized counterbalanced order. The MCT included 10 exercises with 3 sets of 15-repetition maximum per exercise, with each set interspersed with 45 s of walking. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac output (Q), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), and heart rate variability (HRV) were assessed 10 min before and 40 min after CTL and MCT. BP and HRV were also measured during an ambulatory 24-h recovery period.Results:Compared to CTL, SBP (∆-22%), DBP (∆-28%), SVR (∆-43%), BRS (∆-63%), and parasympathetic activity (HF; high-frequency component:...
International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2021
Exercise is an important component of recovery following cancer. Head and neck cancer (HNC) patie... more Exercise is an important component of recovery following cancer. Head and neck cancer (HNC) patients typically report low levels of engagement in exercise initiatives. The aim of this study was to give insight as to HNC patients' reflections on how and why they would be interested in participating in an exercise programme. A stratified sample of 51 patients based on age, gender and initial interest in an exercise programme was selected from 430 postal survey respondents. Twenty-five took part in a semi-structured telephone interview. There was responder bias with females, younger patients, those already participating in or interested in an exercise programme being over represented. The responders in this study highlighted issues related to physical activity levels, perceived ability to meet physical activity guidelines for cancer survivors, perceived exercise benefits, perceived exercise barriers, and advice to others diagnosed with cancer. The findings support the premise of personalised interventions tailored towards the specific needs of the patient, supported by patient peers to emphasise the benefits and help motivate patients to take part. In order to promote engagement in exercise there needs to be collaborative, culturally sensitive and individualised approaches, in order to address the specific barriers experienced by HNC patients. .
Eccentric exercise has been ubiquitously shown to result in exericse induced muscle damage (EIMD)... more Eccentric exercise has been ubiquitously shown to result in exericse induced muscle damage (EIMD), accompanied with delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Although eccentric exercise may induce greater neuromuscular adaptation, functional performance may be impaired, and soreness may persist for several days following this type of exercise. This is primarily thought to be due to structural damage to the muscle fibres. In addition to the mechanical theory of EIMD, it has been suggested that an increased inflammatory response may be associated with DOMS. Furthermore, it is possible that the inflammatory response may play a role in mediating recovery, and adaptation following EIMD. However, the effects of EIMD on markers of inflammation have produced inconsistent results. PURPOSE: The main aim of the present study was to investigate the cytokine response to a 30 min downhill run. METHODS: Fifty (36 male, 14 female), apparently healthy participants performed a 30 min downhill run (-12.5%...
AIMS: Extrinsic factors of subacromial impingement of the shoulder can be potentially characteris... more AIMS: Extrinsic factors of subacromial impingement of the shoulder can be potentially characterised by the angle between the acromion and coracoacromial ligament. A retrospective study was designed to test a novel angle measurement method for a potential new diagnostic tool. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The landmarks and outcome measures were determined on sagittal cuts of default 1.5 T MRI scans. Two independent observers made the measurements on 50 annotated images of a cohort of healthy and young individuals. RESULTS: The mean acromial-coracoacromial ligament (ACAL) angle was 129.8 degrees, (SD 10.0). The two independent measurements and a repeated one were compared for testing interand intra-observer reliability. Measurement of ACAL showed high internal consistency and strong measurement agreement between observers (Cronbach's alpha values: 0.88, 0.86 and 0.94; Intraclass correlation coefficient values: 0.78, 0.75, 0.88). However, a statistically significant difference (p=0.035) was found on the retest measurement (1 st to 2 nd) of the same observer, despite the little difference (1 st to 3 rd p = 0.78; 2 nd to 3 rd p = 0.75) in inter-observer relation on paired sample t-test. CONCLUSIONS: The measuring error came from poor definition of the landmarks on standard 3 mm slice thickness MRI scans. Altered scanning sequences with thinner slices might provide more details of the structures, improve reliability, and prove to be a clinically useful measure in a future prospective study. KEY MESSAGES: ACAL measurement was not sufficiently reliable when performed on a default plane MRI scan; however, an altered scanning method might provide better visualisation and higher definition of the structures and could improve intra-observer reliability in further studies.
International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 2016
Purpose:To assess the acute alterations in triaxial accelerometry (PlayerLoad [PLVM]) and its ind... more Purpose:To assess the acute alterations in triaxial accelerometry (PlayerLoad [PLVM]) and its individual axial planes (anteroposterior PlayerLoad [PLAP], mediolateral PlayerLoad [PLML], and vertical PlayerLoad [PLV]) during a standardized 90-min soccer match-play simulation (SAFT90). Secondary aims of the study were to assess the test–retest reliability and anatomical location of the devices.Methods:Semiprofessional (n = 5) and university (n = 15) soccer players completed 3 trials (1 familiarization, 2 experimental) of SAFT90. PlayerLoad and its individual planes were measured continuously using micromechanical-electrical systems (MEMS) positioned at the scapulae (SCAP) and near the center of mass (COM).Results:There were no between-halves differences in PLVM; however, within-half increases were recorded at the COM, but only during the 1st half at the SCAP. Greater contributions to PLVM were provided by PLV and PLML when derived from the SCAP and COM, respectively. PLVM (COM 1451 ± ...
Pre-exercise alkalosis and an active recovery improve the physiological state of recovery through... more Pre-exercise alkalosis and an active recovery improve the physiological state of recovery through slightly different mechanisms (e. g. directly increasing extracellular bicarbonate (HCO3 (-)) vs. increasing blood flow), and combining the two conditions may provide even greater influence on blood acid-base recovery from high-intensity exercise. Nine subjects completed four trials (Placebo Active ( PLAC A), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) Active ( BICARB A), Placebo Passive ( PLAC P) and NaHCO3 Passive ( BICARB P)), each consisting of three, 30-s maximal efforts with a three min recovery between each effort. Pre-exercisealkalosis was evident in both NaHCO3 conditions, as pH and HCO3 (-) were significantly higher than both Placebo conditions (pH: 7.46 ± 0.04 vs. 7.39 ± 0.02; HCO3 (-): 28.8 ± 1.9 vs. 23.2 ± 1.4 mmol·L (-1); p<0.001). In terms of performance, significant interactions were observed for average speed (p<0.05), with higher speeds evident in the BICARB A condition (3.9 ± 0.3 vs. 3.7 ± 0.4 m·s (-1)). Total distance covered was different (p=0.05), with post hoc differences evident between the BICARB A and PLAC P conditions (368 ± 33 vs. 364 ± 35 m). These data suggest that successive 30-s high intensity performance may be improved when coupled with NaHCO3 supplementation.
This study examined the experience, perceptions, and knowledge of physical therapists who work wi... more This study examined the experience, perceptions, and knowledge of physical therapists who work within mental health services regarding barriers to and facilitators of physical activity among people with schizophrenia. A total of 151 physical therapists, members of the International Organization of Physical Therapists in Mental Health, completed an online survey. Data-driven and concept driven content analysis was conducted with the responses. The most frequently cited barriers were patients' lack of motivation (45% of respondents) and a lack of priority given to physical activity by other health care professionals (28%). The most frequently cited facilitators included the provision of esteem support by health care professionals (28%) and the promotion of enjoyment and autonomy for the patient (25%). When promoting physical activity among individuals with schizophrenia, health care professionals who work in mental health settings should provide an individual approach, taking into account patient related and situational factors.
activities (p<.01) and lower EE in transportation activity (p<.05) and watching TV (p<.001) than ... more activities (p<.01) and lower EE in transportation activity (p<.05) and watching TV (p<.001) than lower income respondents. Older adults reported higher EE in domestic activity (p<.05) and watching TV (p<.001) while younger adults spent more energy in vigorous activity (p<.001) and using a computer (p<.001). CONCLUSIONS: EE of reported PA across different PA domains varies among selected subpopulations. Such information is helpful in allowing a greater understanding of a subpopulation's PA patterns.
The Leeds Beckett repository holds a wide range of publications, each of which has been checked f... more The Leeds Beckett repository holds a wide range of publications, each of which has been checked for copyright and the relevant embargo period has been applied by the Research Services team. We operate on a standard take-down policy. If you are the author or publisher of an output and you would like it removed from the repository, please contact us and we will investigate on a case-by-case basis.
Journal of strength and conditioning research / National Strength & Conditioning Association, 2010
Although much research has investigated the types of exercise that are enhanced with sodium bicar... more Although much research has investigated the types of exercise that are enhanced with sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) ingestion, to date, there has been limited research on the dosage and timing of ingestion that optimizes the associated ergogenic effects. This study investigated the effects of various NaHCO3 loading protocols on the time-dependent blood-buffering profile. Eight male volunteers (age, 22.4 +/- 5.7 yr; height, 179.8 +/- 9.6 cm, body mass, 76.3 +/- 14.1 kg) completed Part A, measures of alkalosis throughout 120 minutes after ingestion of various single NaHCO3 dosages (0.3 gxkg-1, 0.2 gxkg-1, 0.1 gxkg-1, and placebo); and Part B, similar profiles after alternative NaHCO3 loading protocols (single morning dosage [SMD], single evening dosage [SED], and dosages ingested on 3 consecutive evenings [CED]). Results from Part A are as follows. Blood buffering in the 0.1 gxkg-1 condition was significantly lower than the 0.2 g.kg-1 and 0.3 gxkg-1 conditions (p < 0.002), but there w...
This study extends our earlier studies in rats by applying our heatstroke model to a new species.... more This study extends our earlier studies in rats by applying our heatstroke model to a new species. Additionally, transgenic mice are used to examine the role of heat shock protein (HSP) 72 in experimental heatstroke. Transgenic mice that were heterozygous for a porcine HSP70i gene ([+]HSP72), transgene-negative littermate controls ([−]HSP72), and normal Institute of Cancer Research strain mice (ICR) under pentobarbital sodium anesthesia were subjected to heat stress (40°C) to induce heatstroke. In [−]HSP72 or ICR, the values for mean arterial pressure, the striatal blood flow, and the striatal Po2after the onset of heatstroke were significantly lower than those in preheat controls. The core and brain temperatures, the extracellular concentrations of ischemic and injury markers in the striatum, and the striatal neuronal damage scores were significantly greater than those in the preheat controls. In [−]HSP72 or ICR, the body temperatures, cell ischemia content, and injury marker in the...
protocol (mean difference = 0.002 l min −1 ; p = 0.97). Furthermore, no significant differences w... more protocol (mean difference = 0.002 l min −1 ; p = 0.97). Furthermore, no significant differences were observed for peak power output (p = 0.21), maximal minute ventilation (p = 0.97), maximal respiratory exchange ratio (p = 0.09), maximal heart rate (p = 0.51), and post-test blood lactate concentration (p = 0.58). the VO 2max attained in the preferred protocol was significantly higher than the non-preferred protocol (mean difference = 0.14 l min −1 ; p = 0.03). Conclusion the rPE-clamped test protocol was as effective as the ramp-incremented protocol for eliciting VO 2max and could be considered as a valid alternative protocol, particularly where a fixed test duration is desirable. Keywords Aerobic capacity • cycle ergometry • Perceptually regulated exercise test • ratings of perceived exertion Abbreviations [Bla] Blood lactate concentration BMI Body mass index Hr max Maximal heart rate PO peak Peak power output rEr max Maximal respiratory exchange ratio rPE ratings of perceived exertion rPM revolutions per minute VE max Maximal minute ventilation VO 2max Maximal oxygen uptake W Watt Introduction the measurement of cardiorespiratory fitness is important in both exercise science and clinical settings. common
CONCLUSION: While other research has shown significant increases in sea level performance after S... more CONCLUSION: While other research has shown significant increases in sea level performance after SIT or IHE alone, this study indicates that pairing SIT and IHE may produce greater increases in VO2max, PPO, GEF, NEF and EC than SIT or IHE alone.
Microparticles (MP) are shed into the circulation from endothelium following activation or apopto... more Microparticles (MP) are shed into the circulation from endothelium following activation or apoptosis. Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) is expressed on endothelial cells following activation and here we report quantiWcation of VCAM-1 positive microparticles (VCAM + MP) following simulated SCUBA dives, breathing either air or oxygen. VCAM + MP were quantiWed predive (09:00 and 13:00) and post-dive (+1, +3 and +15 h) on both air and oxygen dives and compared with control samples taken from the same subjects. VCAM + MP followed a similar trend in all experiments, however both dives caused a change in endothelial state, as measured by VCAM + MP. A signiWcant increase in VCAM + MP was observed 1 h post-air dive relative to the control (p = 0.013), which was not observed after the oxygen dive (p = 0.095). Oxidative stress (TBARS) was correlated with VCAM + MP. Data presented highlights the potential of MP as a biological marker of both endothelial state and decompression illness.
The chemotactic response of four common soil bacteria, Agrobacterium radiobacter, Bacillus subtil... more The chemotactic response of four common soil bacteria, Agrobacterium radiobacter, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Xanthomonas malvacearum, was observed in natural soil to conidia of Cochliobolus sativus, chlamydospores of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri, sclerotia of Macrophomina phaseolina, and oospores of Phytophthora drechsleri f.sp. cajani. All bacteria migrated through soil toward fungal spores. Chemical analysis of fungal exudates demonstrated the presence of various amino acids and sugars that served as chemoattractants. The effect of temperature, pH, soil water matric potential, and soil texture on bacterial chemotaxis toward fungal spores was also investigated. In general, the response of bacteria to different types of fungal spores was significantly greater (P = 0.05) at higher water matric potential (0 and −5 kPa) than at lower soil water potential (−10 and −20 kPa). The chemotactic response was greatest in sandy soil, followed by sandy loam and clay loam ...
Heat shock proteins play an important role as molecular chaperones of the cell. Inducible heat sh... more Heat shock proteins play an important role as molecular chaperones of the cell. Inducible heat shock protein 70 is rapidly synthesised in response to numerous stressors and monocytes are sensitive to changes in core temperature resulting in a circadian variation of Hsp70 expression. Monocytes were isolated via density centrifugation from nine healthy male volunteers at 5 am, 1 pm and 9 pm, representing the nadir (5 am), peak (9 pm) and intermediate (1 pm) of Hsp70 expression in the 24-h cycle. Analysis of freshly isolated monocytes for Hsp70 expression confirmed Hsp70 levels at the three selected time points. Monocytes were subjected to in vitro heat shock at 40 degrees C (+/-0.1) for 90 min with a 90 min 37 degrees C (+/-0.1) exposure acting as a control. A significant increase in Hsp70 was observed at 5 am (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001) and 1 pm (p = 0.028) at 40 degrees C when compared to 37 degrees C but not at 9 pm (p = 0.19). A significant increase was also observed from the basal levels of Hsp70, measured on freshly isolated monocytes and the levels detected after heat shock at 40 degrees C at 5 am (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001) and 1 pm (p = 0.001), which was not observed at 9 pm (p = 0.15). Furthermore, a significant correlation was observed in the heat shock response at 40 degrees C and that obtained at 37 degrees C (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001). In conclusion, the heat shock response in monocytes is directly proportional to the amount of Hsp70 present in the cells and the stress response may be much higher at different times of the day.
Background and aim Attempts at personalisation of exercise programmes in head and neck cancer (Ha... more Background and aim Attempts at personalisation of exercise programmes in head and neck cancer (HaNC) have been limited. The main aim of the present study is to investigate the feasibility and acceptability of introducing a remotely delivered, fully personalised, collaborative, and flexible approach to prescribing and delivering exercise programmes into the HaNC usual care pathway. Methods This is a single arm, feasibility study. Seventy patients diagnosed with HaNC will be recruited from two regional HaNC centres in the United Kingdom. Patients will undertake an 8-week exercise programme designed and delivered by cancer exercise specialists. The exercise programme will start any time between the time of diagnosis and up to 8 weeks after completing treatment, depending on patient preference. The content of the exercise programme will be primarily based on patient needs, preferences, and goals, but guided by current physical activity guidelines for people with cancer. The primary outc...
Objectives:To investigate whether a single bout of mixed circuit training (MCT) can elicit acute ... more Objectives:To investigate whether a single bout of mixed circuit training (MCT) can elicit acute blood pressure (BP) reduction in chronic hemiparetic stroke patients, a phenomenon also known as post-exercise hypotension (PEH).Methods:Seven participants (58 ± 12 years) performed a non-exercise control session (CTL) and a single bout of MCT on separate days and in a randomized counterbalanced order. The MCT included 10 exercises with 3 sets of 15-repetition maximum per exercise, with each set interspersed with 45 s of walking. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac output (Q), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), and heart rate variability (HRV) were assessed 10 min before and 40 min after CTL and MCT. BP and HRV were also measured during an ambulatory 24-h recovery period.Results:Compared to CTL, SBP (∆-22%), DBP (∆-28%), SVR (∆-43%), BRS (∆-63%), and parasympathetic activity (HF; high-frequency component:...
International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2021
Exercise is an important component of recovery following cancer. Head and neck cancer (HNC) patie... more Exercise is an important component of recovery following cancer. Head and neck cancer (HNC) patients typically report low levels of engagement in exercise initiatives. The aim of this study was to give insight as to HNC patients' reflections on how and why they would be interested in participating in an exercise programme. A stratified sample of 51 patients based on age, gender and initial interest in an exercise programme was selected from 430 postal survey respondents. Twenty-five took part in a semi-structured telephone interview. There was responder bias with females, younger patients, those already participating in or interested in an exercise programme being over represented. The responders in this study highlighted issues related to physical activity levels, perceived ability to meet physical activity guidelines for cancer survivors, perceived exercise benefits, perceived exercise barriers, and advice to others diagnosed with cancer. The findings support the premise of personalised interventions tailored towards the specific needs of the patient, supported by patient peers to emphasise the benefits and help motivate patients to take part. In order to promote engagement in exercise there needs to be collaborative, culturally sensitive and individualised approaches, in order to address the specific barriers experienced by HNC patients. .
Eccentric exercise has been ubiquitously shown to result in exericse induced muscle damage (EIMD)... more Eccentric exercise has been ubiquitously shown to result in exericse induced muscle damage (EIMD), accompanied with delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Although eccentric exercise may induce greater neuromuscular adaptation, functional performance may be impaired, and soreness may persist for several days following this type of exercise. This is primarily thought to be due to structural damage to the muscle fibres. In addition to the mechanical theory of EIMD, it has been suggested that an increased inflammatory response may be associated with DOMS. Furthermore, it is possible that the inflammatory response may play a role in mediating recovery, and adaptation following EIMD. However, the effects of EIMD on markers of inflammation have produced inconsistent results. PURPOSE: The main aim of the present study was to investigate the cytokine response to a 30 min downhill run. METHODS: Fifty (36 male, 14 female), apparently healthy participants performed a 30 min downhill run (-12.5%...
AIMS: Extrinsic factors of subacromial impingement of the shoulder can be potentially characteris... more AIMS: Extrinsic factors of subacromial impingement of the shoulder can be potentially characterised by the angle between the acromion and coracoacromial ligament. A retrospective study was designed to test a novel angle measurement method for a potential new diagnostic tool. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The landmarks and outcome measures were determined on sagittal cuts of default 1.5 T MRI scans. Two independent observers made the measurements on 50 annotated images of a cohort of healthy and young individuals. RESULTS: The mean acromial-coracoacromial ligament (ACAL) angle was 129.8 degrees, (SD 10.0). The two independent measurements and a repeated one were compared for testing interand intra-observer reliability. Measurement of ACAL showed high internal consistency and strong measurement agreement between observers (Cronbach's alpha values: 0.88, 0.86 and 0.94; Intraclass correlation coefficient values: 0.78, 0.75, 0.88). However, a statistically significant difference (p=0.035) was found on the retest measurement (1 st to 2 nd) of the same observer, despite the little difference (1 st to 3 rd p = 0.78; 2 nd to 3 rd p = 0.75) in inter-observer relation on paired sample t-test. CONCLUSIONS: The measuring error came from poor definition of the landmarks on standard 3 mm slice thickness MRI scans. Altered scanning sequences with thinner slices might provide more details of the structures, improve reliability, and prove to be a clinically useful measure in a future prospective study. KEY MESSAGES: ACAL measurement was not sufficiently reliable when performed on a default plane MRI scan; however, an altered scanning method might provide better visualisation and higher definition of the structures and could improve intra-observer reliability in further studies.
International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 2016
Purpose:To assess the acute alterations in triaxial accelerometry (PlayerLoad [PLVM]) and its ind... more Purpose:To assess the acute alterations in triaxial accelerometry (PlayerLoad [PLVM]) and its individual axial planes (anteroposterior PlayerLoad [PLAP], mediolateral PlayerLoad [PLML], and vertical PlayerLoad [PLV]) during a standardized 90-min soccer match-play simulation (SAFT90). Secondary aims of the study were to assess the test–retest reliability and anatomical location of the devices.Methods:Semiprofessional (n = 5) and university (n = 15) soccer players completed 3 trials (1 familiarization, 2 experimental) of SAFT90. PlayerLoad and its individual planes were measured continuously using micromechanical-electrical systems (MEMS) positioned at the scapulae (SCAP) and near the center of mass (COM).Results:There were no between-halves differences in PLVM; however, within-half increases were recorded at the COM, but only during the 1st half at the SCAP. Greater contributions to PLVM were provided by PLV and PLML when derived from the SCAP and COM, respectively. PLVM (COM 1451 ± ...
Pre-exercise alkalosis and an active recovery improve the physiological state of recovery through... more Pre-exercise alkalosis and an active recovery improve the physiological state of recovery through slightly different mechanisms (e. g. directly increasing extracellular bicarbonate (HCO3 (-)) vs. increasing blood flow), and combining the two conditions may provide even greater influence on blood acid-base recovery from high-intensity exercise. Nine subjects completed four trials (Placebo Active ( PLAC A), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) Active ( BICARB A), Placebo Passive ( PLAC P) and NaHCO3 Passive ( BICARB P)), each consisting of three, 30-s maximal efforts with a three min recovery between each effort. Pre-exercisealkalosis was evident in both NaHCO3 conditions, as pH and HCO3 (-) were significantly higher than both Placebo conditions (pH: 7.46 ± 0.04 vs. 7.39 ± 0.02; HCO3 (-): 28.8 ± 1.9 vs. 23.2 ± 1.4 mmol·L (-1); p&lt;0.001). In terms of performance, significant interactions were observed for average speed (p&lt;0.05), with higher speeds evident in the BICARB A condition (3.9 ± 0.3 vs. 3.7 ± 0.4 m·s (-1)). Total distance covered was different (p=0.05), with post hoc differences evident between the BICARB A and PLAC P conditions (368 ± 33 vs. 364 ± 35 m). These data suggest that successive 30-s high intensity performance may be improved when coupled with NaHCO3 supplementation.
This study examined the experience, perceptions, and knowledge of physical therapists who work wi... more This study examined the experience, perceptions, and knowledge of physical therapists who work within mental health services regarding barriers to and facilitators of physical activity among people with schizophrenia. A total of 151 physical therapists, members of the International Organization of Physical Therapists in Mental Health, completed an online survey. Data-driven and concept driven content analysis was conducted with the responses. The most frequently cited barriers were patients&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; lack of motivation (45% of respondents) and a lack of priority given to physical activity by other health care professionals (28%). The most frequently cited facilitators included the provision of esteem support by health care professionals (28%) and the promotion of enjoyment and autonomy for the patient (25%). When promoting physical activity among individuals with schizophrenia, health care professionals who work in mental health settings should provide an individual approach, taking into account patient related and situational factors.
activities (p<.01) and lower EE in transportation activity (p<.05) and watching TV (p<.001) than ... more activities (p<.01) and lower EE in transportation activity (p<.05) and watching TV (p<.001) than lower income respondents. Older adults reported higher EE in domestic activity (p<.05) and watching TV (p<.001) while younger adults spent more energy in vigorous activity (p<.001) and using a computer (p<.001). CONCLUSIONS: EE of reported PA across different PA domains varies among selected subpopulations. Such information is helpful in allowing a greater understanding of a subpopulation's PA patterns.
The Leeds Beckett repository holds a wide range of publications, each of which has been checked f... more The Leeds Beckett repository holds a wide range of publications, each of which has been checked for copyright and the relevant embargo period has been applied by the Research Services team. We operate on a standard take-down policy. If you are the author or publisher of an output and you would like it removed from the repository, please contact us and we will investigate on a case-by-case basis.
Journal of strength and conditioning research / National Strength & Conditioning Association, 2010
Although much research has investigated the types of exercise that are enhanced with sodium bicar... more Although much research has investigated the types of exercise that are enhanced with sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) ingestion, to date, there has been limited research on the dosage and timing of ingestion that optimizes the associated ergogenic effects. This study investigated the effects of various NaHCO3 loading protocols on the time-dependent blood-buffering profile. Eight male volunteers (age, 22.4 +/- 5.7 yr; height, 179.8 +/- 9.6 cm, body mass, 76.3 +/- 14.1 kg) completed Part A, measures of alkalosis throughout 120 minutes after ingestion of various single NaHCO3 dosages (0.3 gxkg-1, 0.2 gxkg-1, 0.1 gxkg-1, and placebo); and Part B, similar profiles after alternative NaHCO3 loading protocols (single morning dosage [SMD], single evening dosage [SED], and dosages ingested on 3 consecutive evenings [CED]). Results from Part A are as follows. Blood buffering in the 0.1 gxkg-1 condition was significantly lower than the 0.2 g.kg-1 and 0.3 gxkg-1 conditions (p < 0.002), but there w...
This study extends our earlier studies in rats by applying our heatstroke model to a new species.... more This study extends our earlier studies in rats by applying our heatstroke model to a new species. Additionally, transgenic mice are used to examine the role of heat shock protein (HSP) 72 in experimental heatstroke. Transgenic mice that were heterozygous for a porcine HSP70i gene ([+]HSP72), transgene-negative littermate controls ([−]HSP72), and normal Institute of Cancer Research strain mice (ICR) under pentobarbital sodium anesthesia were subjected to heat stress (40°C) to induce heatstroke. In [−]HSP72 or ICR, the values for mean arterial pressure, the striatal blood flow, and the striatal Po2after the onset of heatstroke were significantly lower than those in preheat controls. The core and brain temperatures, the extracellular concentrations of ischemic and injury markers in the striatum, and the striatal neuronal damage scores were significantly greater than those in the preheat controls. In [−]HSP72 or ICR, the body temperatures, cell ischemia content, and injury marker in the...
protocol (mean difference = 0.002 l min −1 ; p = 0.97). Furthermore, no significant differences w... more protocol (mean difference = 0.002 l min −1 ; p = 0.97). Furthermore, no significant differences were observed for peak power output (p = 0.21), maximal minute ventilation (p = 0.97), maximal respiratory exchange ratio (p = 0.09), maximal heart rate (p = 0.51), and post-test blood lactate concentration (p = 0.58). the VO 2max attained in the preferred protocol was significantly higher than the non-preferred protocol (mean difference = 0.14 l min −1 ; p = 0.03). Conclusion the rPE-clamped test protocol was as effective as the ramp-incremented protocol for eliciting VO 2max and could be considered as a valid alternative protocol, particularly where a fixed test duration is desirable. Keywords Aerobic capacity • cycle ergometry • Perceptually regulated exercise test • ratings of perceived exertion Abbreviations [Bla] Blood lactate concentration BMI Body mass index Hr max Maximal heart rate PO peak Peak power output rEr max Maximal respiratory exchange ratio rPE ratings of perceived exertion rPM revolutions per minute VE max Maximal minute ventilation VO 2max Maximal oxygen uptake W Watt Introduction the measurement of cardiorespiratory fitness is important in both exercise science and clinical settings. common
CONCLUSION: While other research has shown significant increases in sea level performance after S... more CONCLUSION: While other research has shown significant increases in sea level performance after SIT or IHE alone, this study indicates that pairing SIT and IHE may produce greater increases in VO2max, PPO, GEF, NEF and EC than SIT or IHE alone.
Microparticles (MP) are shed into the circulation from endothelium following activation or apopto... more Microparticles (MP) are shed into the circulation from endothelium following activation or apoptosis. Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) is expressed on endothelial cells following activation and here we report quantiWcation of VCAM-1 positive microparticles (VCAM + MP) following simulated SCUBA dives, breathing either air or oxygen. VCAM + MP were quantiWed predive (09:00 and 13:00) and post-dive (+1, +3 and +15 h) on both air and oxygen dives and compared with control samples taken from the same subjects. VCAM + MP followed a similar trend in all experiments, however both dives caused a change in endothelial state, as measured by VCAM + MP. A signiWcant increase in VCAM + MP was observed 1 h post-air dive relative to the control (p = 0.013), which was not observed after the oxygen dive (p = 0.095). Oxidative stress (TBARS) was correlated with VCAM + MP. Data presented highlights the potential of MP as a biological marker of both endothelial state and decompression illness.
The chemotactic response of four common soil bacteria, Agrobacterium radiobacter, Bacillus subtil... more The chemotactic response of four common soil bacteria, Agrobacterium radiobacter, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Xanthomonas malvacearum, was observed in natural soil to conidia of Cochliobolus sativus, chlamydospores of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri, sclerotia of Macrophomina phaseolina, and oospores of Phytophthora drechsleri f.sp. cajani. All bacteria migrated through soil toward fungal spores. Chemical analysis of fungal exudates demonstrated the presence of various amino acids and sugars that served as chemoattractants. The effect of temperature, pH, soil water matric potential, and soil texture on bacterial chemotaxis toward fungal spores was also investigated. In general, the response of bacteria to different types of fungal spores was significantly greater (P = 0.05) at higher water matric potential (0 and −5 kPa) than at lower soil water potential (−10 and −20 kPa). The chemotactic response was greatest in sandy soil, followed by sandy loam and clay loam ...
Heat shock proteins play an important role as molecular chaperones of the cell. Inducible heat sh... more Heat shock proteins play an important role as molecular chaperones of the cell. Inducible heat shock protein 70 is rapidly synthesised in response to numerous stressors and monocytes are sensitive to changes in core temperature resulting in a circadian variation of Hsp70 expression. Monocytes were isolated via density centrifugation from nine healthy male volunteers at 5 am, 1 pm and 9 pm, representing the nadir (5 am), peak (9 pm) and intermediate (1 pm) of Hsp70 expression in the 24-h cycle. Analysis of freshly isolated monocytes for Hsp70 expression confirmed Hsp70 levels at the three selected time points. Monocytes were subjected to in vitro heat shock at 40 degrees C (+/-0.1) for 90 min with a 90 min 37 degrees C (+/-0.1) exposure acting as a control. A significant increase in Hsp70 was observed at 5 am (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001) and 1 pm (p = 0.028) at 40 degrees C when compared to 37 degrees C but not at 9 pm (p = 0.19). A significant increase was also observed from the basal levels of Hsp70, measured on freshly isolated monocytes and the levels detected after heat shock at 40 degrees C at 5 am (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001) and 1 pm (p = 0.001), which was not observed at 9 pm (p = 0.15). Furthermore, a significant correlation was observed in the heat shock response at 40 degrees C and that obtained at 37 degrees C (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001). In conclusion, the heat shock response in monocytes is directly proportional to the amount of Hsp70 present in the cells and the stress response may be much higher at different times of the day.
Uploads
Papers by Adrian Midgley