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=== July–September ===
* [[July 3]] &ndash; [[Richard Arkwright]] patents a [[spinning frame]] in England, able to weave fabric mechanically.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology325">{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|location=London|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=0-304-35730-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/325 325]|url=https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/325}}</ref>
* [[July 16]] &ndash; Father [[Junípero Serra]] founds [[Mission San Diego de Alcalá]], the first of the 21 [[California missions]].
* [[July 20]] &ndash; Recently-appointed as the Governor of [[Spanish Louisiana]], Irish-born soldier of fortune [[Alejandro O'Reilly]] sails into the French fort of [[La Balize, Louisiana|La Balize]] with 21 Spanish ships, along with 2,056 soldiers, cannons and ammunition, and informs [[French Louisiana]] Governor [[Charles Philippe Aubry]] of his royal commission to take Louisiana on behalf of the King of Spain. <ref>Joan Garvey and Mary Lou Widmer, ''Beautiful Crescent: A History of New Orleans'' (Pelican Publishing, 2012) pp62-63</ref>