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{{Short description|First chapter of the Qur'an}}
{{infobox surah
| number
| number-3 =001
| name =Al-Fātiḥah
| name-ar =
| name-en =The Opening
| prev_sura = Quran 114
|
| classification =Meccan
| juz =
| verses =7
| words =25
| letters =113 or 139
| audio =
}}
[[File:Chapter 1, Al-Fatiha (Mujawwad) - Recitation of the Holy Qur'an.mp3|thumb|right|Recitation of Al-Fatiha in the [[Mujawwad]] style]]
{{Quran}}
[[File:Headings for Chapter 1, al-Fatiha, and for Chapter 2, al-Baqara (CBL Is 1431, f.9b).jpg|thumb|Headings for Al-Fatiha, and for Chapter 2, [[Al-Baqara]]. From the Qur'an of [[Ibn al-Bawwab]]. [[Baghdad]], 1000/1001. [[Chester Beatty Library]]]]
'''Al-
Al-Fatiha is recited in Muslim obligatory and voluntary [[prayer]]s, known as ''[[salah]]''. The primary literal meaning of the expression "Al-Fatiha" is "The Opener/The Key".
==Background==
The name Al-Fatiha ("the Opener") could refer to the ''surah'' being the first in the [[Mus'haf]]s, the first to be recited in each ''[[rakat]]'' of ''[[salah]]'', or to the manner of its usage in many Islamic traditions as an opening prayer. The word itself comes from the [[triliteral root|root]] {{transliterate|ar|f-t-ḥ}} ({{wikt-lang|ar|ف ت ح}}), which means "to open, explain, disclose, conquer", etc.<ref name="Maududi" /><ref>Joseph E. B. Lumbard "Commentary on Sūrat al-Fātiḥah", ''The Study of the Quran''. ed. Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Caner Dagli, Maria Dakake, Joseph Lumbard, Muhammad Rustom (San Francisco: Harper One, 2015), p. 3.</ref> Al-Fatiha is also known by several other names, such as Al-Hamd (The Praise), As-Salah (The Prayer), Umm al-Kitab (Mother of the Book), Umm al-Quran (Mother of the Quran),<ref>{{Href|nasai|914|b=yl}}</ref><ref name="qtaf" /> Sab'a min al-Mathani (Seven Repeated Ones, from Quran {{qref|15|87|pl=y}}),<ref name="khoi">{{cite book |author=Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei |author-link=Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei |title=[[Al-Bayan Fi Tafsir al-Quran]] |pages=446}}</ref> and Ash-Shifa' (The Cure).<ref>Joseph E. B. Lumbard, "Introduction to Sūrat al-Fātiḥah", ''The Study Quran''. ed. Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Caner Dagli, Maria Dakake, Joseph Lumbard, Muhammad Rustom (San Francisco: Harper One, 2015), p. 3.</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Mubarakpuri |first=Safiur Rahman |title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir (10 Volumes; Abridged) |publisher=Darussalam |year=2000 |isbn=9781591440208 |pages=7–8}}</ref>
==
Surah Al-Fatiha is narrated in the Hadith to have been divided into two halves between [[God in Islam|God]] and his servant (the person reciting), the first three verses being God's half and last three being the servant's.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ibn al-Hajjaj|first=Abul Hussain Muslim|url=|title=Sahih Muslim - 7 Volumes|publisher=Darussalam|year=2007|isbn=978-9960991900|volume=1|pages=501–503}}</ref> There is disagreement as to whether the ''[[Basmala|Bismillah]]'' is the first verse of the ''surah,'' or even a verse in the first place.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mubarakpuri|first=Safiur Rahman|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir (10 Volumes; Abridged)|publisher=Darussalam|year=2000|isbn=9781591440208|pages=25|quote=[The scholars] disagree over whether [Bismillah] is a separate Ayah before every Surah, or if it is an Ayah, or a part of an Ayah, included in every Surah where the Bismillah appears in its beginning. [...] The opinion that Bismillah is an Ayah of every Surah, except [At-Tawbah], was attributed to (the Companions) Ibn 'Abbas, Ibn 'Umar, Ibn Az-Zubayr, Abu Hurayrah and 'Ali. This opinion was also attributed to the Tabi'in 'Ata', Tawus, Sa'id bin Jubayr, Makhul and Az-Zuhri. This is also the view of 'Abdullah bin Al-Mubarak, Ash-Shaf i'i, Ahmad bin Hanbal, (in one report from him) Ishaq bin Rahwayh, and Abu 'Ubayd Al-Qasim bin Salam. On the other hand, Malik, Abu Hanifah and their followers said that Bismillah is not an Ayah in Al-Fatihah or any other Surah. Dawud said that it is a separate Ayah in the beginning of every Surah, not part of the Surah itself, and this opinion was also attributed to Ahmad bin Hanbal.}}</ref>
The chapter begins by praising God with the phrase and stating that it is God who is the lord of the worlds (verse 1/2),<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mubarakpuri|first=Safiur Rahman|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir (10 Volumes; Abridged)|publisher=Darussalam|year=2000|isbn=9781591440208|pages=33–37}}</ref> that He is the Most Gracious and Most Merciful (verse 2/3),<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mubarakpuri|first=Safiur Rahman|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir (10 Volumes; Abridged)|publisher=Darussalam|year=2000|isbn=9781591440208|pages=30–33, 37}}</ref> and that He is and will be the true owner of everything and everyone on the [[Last Judgment|Day of Judgement]] (verse 3/4).<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mubarakpuri|first=Safiur Rahman|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir (10 Volumes; Abridged)|publisher=Darussalam|year=2000|isbn=9781591440208|pages=39–42}}</ref>
"If you tried to count Allah's blessings, you would never be able to number them. Indeed, humankind is truly unfair, ˹totally˺ ungrateful" ({{qref|14|34|b=y|pl=y}}).
The final three verses, which comprise the servant's half, begin with the servant stating that they worship and seek only God's help (verse 4/5), asking Him to guide them to the ''[[Sirat al-Mustaqim]]'' (the Straight Path) of those who God has been bountiful to, and not of those who have earned his anger (verses 5-6/6-7).<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mubarakpuri|first=Safiur Rahman|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir (10 Volumes; Abridged)|publisher=Darussalam|year=2000|isbn=9781591440208|pages=42–55}}</ref>
Most [[Muslims|Muslim]] commentators
==
{{Rtl-para|ar|{{script/Arabic|'''بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ''' ١}}
}}
[''bi-smi-llahi-r-raḥmāni-r-raḥīm(i)''] <br />
{{verse||1}} In the name of God, the Most Compassionate, Most Merciful. <br />
{{Rtl-para|ar|{{script/Arabic|'''ٱلْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ ٱلْعَـٰلَمِينَ''' ٢}}
}}
[''al-ḥamdu li-llāhi rabbi-l-ʿālamīn(a)''] <br />
{{verse||2}} Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds— <br />
{{Rtl-para|ar|{{script/Arabic|''' ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ''' ٣}}
}}
[''ar-raḥmāni-r-raḥīm(i)''] <br />
{{verse||3}} the Most Compassionate, Most Merciful, <br />
{{Rtl-para|ar|{{script/Arabic|'''مَـٰلِكِ'''{{small|{{efn-lr|Qira’at: All except for ʻAsem, Al-Kesa’i, Yaʻqub and Khalaf in one of his narrations read it as: <br /> <br />
{{Script/Arabic|'''{{color|magenta|مَ}}لِكِ يَوْمِ ٱلدِّينِ''' ٤}} <br />
''{{color|magenta|ma}}liki yawmi-d-dīn(i)'' <br />
{{verse||4}} King of the Day of Judgement.}}}}''' يَوْمِ ٱلدِّينِ''' ٤}}}}
[''māliki yawmi-d-dīn(i)''] <br />
{{verse||4}} Owner of the Day of Judgement.
<br />
{{Rtl-para|ar|{{script/Arabic|'''إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ''' ٥}}}}
[''iyyāka naʿbudu wa-iyyāka nastaʿīn(u)''] <br />
{{verse||5}} You we worship and You we ask for help. <br />
{{Rtl-para|ar|{{script/Arabic|'''ٱهْدِنَا ٱلصِّرَٰطَ ٱلْمُسْتَقِيمَ''' ٦}}}}
[''ihdina-ṣ-ṣirāṭa-l-mustaqīm(a)''] <br />
{{verse||6}} Guide us to the straight path— <br />
{{Rtl-para|ar|{{script/Arabic|'''صِرَٰطَ ٱلَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ غَيْرِ ٱلْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا ٱلضَّآلِّينَ''' ٧}}}}
[''ṣirāṭa-llaḏīna anʿamta ʿalayhim ghayri-l-maḡḍūbi ʿalayhim wa-la-ḍ-ḍāllīn(a)''] <br />
{{verse||7}} the path of those You have favored, not those You are angry with or those who are astray.
==Benefits and virtues==
Muslims attribute special significance to some ''surahs'' for their virtues and benefits ({{Langx|ar|فضائل|faḍā’il|label=none}}) described in the [[hadith]]. Acceptance of the different hadith varies between Sunni and Shia Muslims, and there is a variety of terms to classify the different levels of confirmed authenticity of a hadith. However, both Sunnis and Shia believe Al-Fatiha to be one of the greatest ''surahs'' in the Quran, and a cure for several diseases and poisons, both spiritual and mental.<ref name=":2" />
==See also==
*[[Basmala]]
== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}
{{Notelist-lr}}
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
== Bibliography ==
* {{cite book|author=David James|title=Qur'ans of the Mamluks|url=|date=1988|publisher=Alexandria Press|isbn=9780500973677|location=London|ref={{SfnRef|Qur'ans of the Mamluks}}}}
== External links ==
{{commons category}}
*
{{Sura|1|-|[[Al-Baqara]]}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Al-Fatiha| ]]
[[Category:Salah]]
[[Category:Chapters in the Quran|Fatiha]]
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