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{{Short description|First chapter of the Qur'an}}
{{infobox surah
| number =1
| number-3 =001
| name =Al-Fātiḥah
| name-ar =الْفَاتِحَةٱلۡفَاتِحَةِ
| name-en =The Opening
| prev_sura = Quran 114
| othernames =The Key, The Opener
| next_sura =Al-Baqarah Quran 2
| classification =Meccan
| juz =1, [[Hizb]] 1
| verses =7
| words =25
| letters =113 or 139
| audio = Sura Minshawi 1.ogg
}}
[[File:Chapter 1, Al-Fatiha (Mujawwad) - Recitation of the Holy Qur'an.mp3|thumb|right|Recitation of Al-Fatiha in the [[Mujawwad]] style]]
{{Quran}}
{{Quran}}
[[Image:Al Fatihah - naskh script.jpg|thumb|A 14th- or 15th-century manuscript of the chapter]]
[[File:Headings for Chapter 1, al-Fatiha, and for Chapter 2, al-Baqara (CBL Is 1431, f.9b).jpg|thumb|Headings for Al-Fatiha, and for Chapter 2, [[Al-Baqara]]. From the Qur'an of [[Ibn al-Bawwab]]. [[Baghdad]], 1000/1001. [[Chester Beatty Library]]]]
[[File:Splendour Coran.jpg|thumb|Opening of a Splendour Quran|alt=]]
'''Al-Fatiha''' ({{langx|ar|ٱلۡفَاتِحَةِ|translit=al-Fātiḥa|lit=the Opening}}) is the first chapter ({{Transliteration|ar|[[surah|sura]]}}) of the [[Quran]]. It consists of seven verses (''{{Transliteration|ar|[[ayat]]}}'') which consist of a [[Dua|prayer]] for guidance and mercy.<ref name="qtaf">{{Qtaf|en:ibk|1|1}}</ref>
'''Al-Fātiḥah''' ({{lang-ar| الْفَاتِحَة}}, ''The Opening'' or ''The Opener''. [[George Sale]] translates simply as ''The Preface'', or ''Introduction'') is the first chapter (''[[sūrah]]'') of the [[Quran]]. Its seven verses (''[[āyāt]]'') are a [[prayer in Islam|prayer]] for the guidance, lordship, and mercy of [[God in Islam|God]].<ref name="Maududi">{{cite book|last=Maududi|first=Sayyid Abul Ala|title=Tafhim Al Quran|url=http://www.englishtafsir.com/Quran/1/index.html}}</ref> This chapter has an essential role in Islamic prayer (''[[salāt]]''). The primary literal meaning of the expression "al-Fātiḥah" is "The Opener," which could refer to this Surah being "the opener of the Book" (''Fātiḥat al-kitāb''), to its being the first Surah recited in full in every prayer cycle (''rakʿah''), or to the manner in which it serves as an opening for many functions in everyday Islamic life. Some Muslims interpret it as a reference to an implied ability of the Surah to open a person to faith in God.<ref>Joseph E. B. Lumbard "Commentary on Sūrat al-Fātiḥah," ''The Study of the Quran''. ed. Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Caner Dagli, Maria Dakake, Joseph Lumbard, Muhammad Rustom (San Francisco: Harper One, 2015), p. 3.
</ref>
 
Al-Fatiha is recited in Muslim obligatory and voluntary [[prayer]]s, known as ''[[salah]]''. The primary literal meaning of the expression "Al-Fatiha" is "The Opener/The Key".
==Transliteration==
 
1. {{script/Arabic|'''بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ'''}}<br />
({{lang|ar-Latn|Bismillāhi r-raḥmāni r-raḥīm}})
 
2. {{script/Arabic|'''الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ'''}}<br />
({{lang|ar-Latn|Al ḥamdu lillāhi rabbi l-’ālamīn}})
 
3. {{script/Arabic|'''الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ'''}}<br />
({{lang|ar-Latn|Ar raḥmāni r-raḥīm}})
 
4. {{script/Arabic|'''مَالِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ'''}}<br />
({{lang|ar-Latn|Māliki yawmi d-dīn}})
 
5. {{script/Arabic|'''إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ'''}}<br />
({{lang|ar-Latn|Iyyāka na’budu wa iyyāka nasta’īn}})
 
6. {{script/Arabic|'''اهْدِنَا الصِّرَاطَ الْمُسْتَقِيمَ'''}}<br />
({{lang|ar-Latn|Ihdinā ṣ-ṣirāṭ al-mustaqīm}})
 
7. {{script/Arabic|'''صِرَاطَ الَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ'''}}<br />
({{lang|ar-Latn|Ṣirāṭ al lazi na an’amta ‘alayhim, ġayril maġḍūbi ‘alayhim walāḍ ḍāllīn}})
 
==Translation==
 
(1) By the name of Allah, The Most Gracious, The Most Merciful.
 
(2) Praise be to Allah, The Lord of the universe.
 
(3) The Most Gracious, The Most Merciful.
 
(4) Master of The Day of Judgment.
 
(5) You alone we worship, and You alone we ask for help.
 
(6) Guide us to the straight path.
 
(7) The path of those on whom You have bestowed Your grace, not of those who earned your wrath, nor of those who have gone astray.
 
==Names==
The name ''al-Fātiḥah'' ("the Opener") is due to the subject-matter of the surah. ''Fātiḥah'' is that which opens a subject or a book or any other thing. In other words, a sort of preface or essence of the whole book.<ref name="Maududi"/>
 
The word الفاتحة came from the root word فتح which means to open, explain, disclose, keys of treasure etc. That means surah Al-Fatiha is the summary of the whole Quran. That is why it is generally recited with another Ayat or surah during prayers.<ref>{{Cite web|title=قراءة الفاتحة في الصلاة - موقع مقالات إسلام ويب|url=https://www.islamweb.net/ar/article/179993/%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A9|access-date=2020-06-23|website=www.islamweb.net}}</ref> That is, surah Al-Fatiha is paired with the rest of the whole Quran.
 
It is also called ''Umm Al-Kitab'' ("the Mother of the Book") and ''Umm Al-Quran'' ("the Mother of the Quran");<ref name="Molla sadra ">{{cite book | title=Tafsir al-Quran al-Karim | author=[[Mulla Sadra]] | pages=1:163–164}}</ref><ref name="Ibn Kathir">{{cite book|last=Ibn Kathir|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir|url=http://www.quran4u.com/Tafsir%20Ibn%20Kathir/001%20Fatihah.htm}}</ref> ''Sab'a al Mathani'' ("Seven repeated [verses]", an appellation taken from verse 15:87 of the Quran);<ref name="Ibn Kathir"/> ''Al-Hamd'' ("praise"), because a hadith narrates [[Muhammad]] as having said that [[Allah|God]] says: "The prayer [al-Fātiḥah] is divided into two halves between Me and My servants. When the servant says, 'All praise is due to God', the Lord of existence, God says, 'My servant has praised Me'.";<ref name="khoi">{{cite book | url=| title=[[Al-Bayan Fi Tafsir al-Quran]] | author=[[Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei]] | pages=446}}</ref> ''Al-Shifa''' ("the Cure"), because a hadith narrates Muhammad as having said: "The Opening of the Book is a cure for every poison.";<ref name="Bihar al-Anwar">{{cite book | title=[[Bihar al-Anwar]] | author=[[Muhammad Baqir Majlisi]] | pages=89:238}}</ref><ref name="Wasā'il al-Shīʿa">{{cite book | title=[[Wasā'il al-Shīʿa]] | author=[[Al-Hurr al-Aamili]] | pages=6:232}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=May 2015}}, ''Al-Ruqyah'' ("remedy" or "spiritual cure").,<ref name="Ibn Kathir"/> and al-Asas, "The Foundation", referring to its serving as a foundation for the entire Quran <ref>Joseph E. B. Lumbard, "Introduction to Sūrat al-Fātiḥah," ''The Study Quran''. ed. Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Caner Dagli, Maria Dakake, Joseph Lumbard, Muhammad Rustom (San Francisco: Harper One, 2015), p. 3.</ref>
 
==Background==
AccordingThe tomost commonly accepted view about the origins of the ''surah'' is the view of [[Abdullah ibnIbn Abbas]], andamong others, althat Al-FātiḥahFatiha is a [[Meccan surasurah|Meccan ''surah'']];, whilealthough accordingsome tobelieve othersthat it is either a [[Medinan surasurah]]. The former view is more widely accepted, although some believe that itor was revealed in both Mekka[[Mecca]] and [[Medina]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Ahmad |first=Mirza Bahir Ud-Din |title=The Quran with English Translation and Commentary|year=1988 |publisher=[[Islam International Publications Ltd.]] |year=1988 |isbn=1-85372-045-3 |pages=1}}</ref><ref>[https://archive.org/details/TafseerEngCommQuranLong English Translation and Commentary 5 Volumes]</ref> In the Quran, the first revelations to Muhammad were only the first few verses (ayats) of Surahs [[Alaq]], [[Muzzammil]], [[Al-Muddathir]], etc. Most narrators recorded that al-Fātiḥah was the first complete Surah revealed to [[Muhammad]].<ref name="Maududi" />
 
The name Al-Fatiha ("the Opener") could refer to the ''surah'' being the first in the [[Mus'haf]]s, the first to be recited in each ''[[rakat]]'' of ''[[salah]]'', or to the manner of its usage in many Islamic traditions as an opening prayer. The word itself comes from the [[triliteral root|root]] {{transliterate|ar|f-t-ḥ}} ({{wikt-lang|ar|ف ت ح}}), which means "to open, explain, disclose, conquer", etc.<ref name="Maududi" /><ref>Joseph E. B. Lumbard "Commentary on Sūrat al-Fātiḥah", ''The Study of the Quran''. ed. Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Caner Dagli, Maria Dakake, Joseph Lumbard, Muhammad Rustom (San Francisco: Harper One, 2015), p. 3.</ref> Al-Fatiha is also known by several other names, such as Al-Hamd (The Praise), As-Salah (The Prayer), Umm al-Kitab (Mother of the Book), Umm al-Quran (Mother of the Quran),<ref>{{Href|nasai|914|b=yl}}</ref><ref name="qtaf" /> Sab'a min al-Mathani (Seven Repeated Ones, from Quran {{qref|15|87|pl=y}}),<ref name="khoi">{{cite book |author=Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei |author-link=Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei |title=[[Al-Bayan Fi Tafsir al-Quran]] |pages=446}}</ref> and Ash-Shifa' (The Cure).<ref>Joseph E. B. Lumbard, "Introduction to Sūrat al-Fātiḥah", ''The Study Quran''. ed. Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Caner Dagli, Maria Dakake, Joseph Lumbard, Muhammad Rustom (San Francisco: Harper One, 2015), p. 3.</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Mubarakpuri |first=Safiur Rahman |title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir (10 Volumes; Abridged) |publisher=Darussalam |year=2000 |isbn=9781591440208 |pages=7–8}}</ref>
==Theme and subject matter==
Al-Fātiḥah is often believed to be a synthesis of the Quran.<ref>Joseph E. B. Lumbard, "Introduction to "Sūrat al-Fātiḥah," ''The Study Quran'', ed. Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Caner Dagli, Maria Dakake, Joseph E. B. Lumbard, and Muhammad Rustom (San Francisco: Harper One, 2015), p. 3.</ref> It in itself is a prayer at the very beginning of the Quran, which acts as a preface of the Quran and implies that the book is for a person who is a seeker of truth—a reader who is asking a deity who is the only one worthy of all praise (and is the creator, owner, sustainer of the worlds etc.) to guide him to a straight path.<ref name="Maududi"/> It can be said to "encapsulate all of the metaphysical and eschatological realities of which human beings must remain conscious." <ref>Joseph E. B. Lumbard, "Introduction toSūrat al-Fātiḥah," ''The Study Quran'', ed. Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Caner Dagli, Maria Dakake, Joseph Lumbard, Muhammad Rustom (San Francisco: Harper One, 2015), p. 4.</ref>
 
==Interpretations Summary ==
Surah Al-Fatiha is narrated in the Hadith to have been divided into two halves between [[God in Islam|God]] and his servant (the person reciting), the first three verses being God's half and last three being the servant's.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ibn al-Hajjaj|first=Abul Hussain Muslim|url=|title=Sahih Muslim - 7 Volumes|publisher=Darussalam|year=2007|isbn=978-9960991900|volume=1|pages=501–503}}</ref> There is disagreement as to whether the ''[[Basmala|Bismillah]]'' is the first verse of the ''surah,'' or even a verse in the first place.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mubarakpuri|first=Safiur Rahman|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir (10 Volumes; Abridged)|publisher=Darussalam|year=2000|isbn=9781591440208|pages=25|quote=[The scholars] disagree over whether [Bismillah] is a separate Ayah before every Surah, or if it is an Ayah, or a part of an Ayah, included in every Surah where the Bismillah appears in its beginning. [...] The opinion that Bismillah is an Ayah of every Surah, except [At-Tawbah], was attributed to (the Companions) Ibn 'Abbas, Ibn 'Umar, Ibn Az-Zubayr, Abu Hurayrah and 'Ali. This opinion was also attributed to the Tabi'in 'Ata', Tawus, Sa'id bin Jubayr, Makhul and Az-Zuhri. This is also the view of 'Abdullah bin Al-Mubarak, Ash-Shaf i'i, Ahmad bin Hanbal, (in one report from him) Ishaq bin Rahwayh, and Abu 'Ubayd Al-Qasim bin Salam. On the other hand, Malik, Abu Hanifah and their followers said that Bismillah is not an Ayah in Al-Fatihah or any other Surah. Dawud said that it is a separate Ayah in the beginning of every Surah, not part of the Surah itself, and this opinion was also attributed to Ahmad bin Hanbal.}}</ref>
"Al ḥamdu lillāhi rabbi l-’ālamīn" All the praises and thanks are for Allah who is the Lord of the universe. "Hamd الْحَمْدُ" 'the prase' is also the root of the name of the prophet Muhammad مُحَمَّد‎ which means who is praised.
 
The chapter begins by praising God with the phrase and stating that it is God who is the lord of the worlds (verse 1/2),<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mubarakpuri|first=Safiur Rahman|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir (10 Volumes; Abridged)|publisher=Darussalam|year=2000|isbn=9781591440208|pages=33–37}}</ref> that He is the Most Gracious and Most Merciful (verse 2/3),<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mubarakpuri|first=Safiur Rahman|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir (10 Volumes; Abridged)|publisher=Darussalam|year=2000|isbn=9781591440208|pages=30–33, 37}}</ref> and that He is and will be the true owner of everything and everyone on the [[Last Judgment|Day of Judgement]] (verse 3/4).<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mubarakpuri|first=Safiur Rahman|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir (10 Volumes; Abridged)|publisher=Darussalam|year=2000|isbn=9781591440208|pages=39–42}}</ref>
"Ar raḥmāni r-raḥīm" الرحمن 'the Most Merciful' and الرحيم 'the Most Benevolent' all share the same root رحم which means 'the womb'. The womb is the place where nourishment and protection are provided for the fetus with abundance.<ref>http://www.qurangarden.com/content.php?content=r&id=12#.XxKInJMzYWo</ref>
 
"If you tried to count Allah's blessings, you would never be able to number them. Indeed, humankind is truly unfair, ˹totally˺ ungrateful" ({{qref|14|34|b=y|pl=y}}).
"Māliki yawmi d-dīn" مَالِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ‎ " The owner of the judgment day or dīn day. dīn الدِّينِ means religion and also carries a meaning of debt لدِّينِ‎. Allah is the only judge that judges the dues of the people.
 
The final three verses, which comprise the servant's half, begin with the servant stating that they worship and seek only God's help (verse 4/5), asking Him to guide them to the ''[[Sirat al-Mustaqim]]'' (the Straight Path) of those who God has been bountiful to, and not of those who have earned his anger (verses 5-6/6-7).<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mubarakpuri|first=Safiur Rahman|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir (10 Volumes; Abridged)|publisher=Darussalam|year=2000|isbn=9781591440208|pages=42–55}}</ref>
{{Quote Quran translation|1|6|Guide us to the straight path - The path of those upon whom You have bestowed favour, not of those who have evoked [Your] anger or of those who are astray.|range=6–7|translator=Sahih International}}
 
Most [[Muslims|Muslim]] commentators oftenhave believeinterpreted pastthese generationsverses in a more general sense and not referring exclusively to any specific group of Jewspeople.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Asad|first=Muhammad|url=http://www.muhammad-asad.com/Message-of-Quran.pdf|title=The Message of the Quran, Commentary on Surah Fatiha|pages=23–24|quote=According to almost all the commentators, God's "condemnation" (ghadab, lit., "wrath") is synonymous with the evil consequences which man brings upon himself by wilfully rejecting God's guidance and Christiansacting contrary to His injunctions. ... As regards the two categories of people following a wrong course, some of the greatest Islamic thinkers (e.g. Al-Ghazali or, in recent times, Muhammad 'Abduh) held the view that the people described as having incurred "God's condemnation" - that is, having deprived themselves of His grace - are those who have become fully cognizant of God's message and, having understood it, have rejected it; while by "those who go astray" are meant people whom the truth has either not reached at all, or to whom it has come in so garbled and corrupted a form as to make it difficult for them to recognize it as the truth (see 'Abduh in Manar I, 68 ff.).|author-link=Muhammad Asad|access-date=2019-12-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191126180926/http://www.muhammad-asad.com/Message-of-Quran.pdf|archive-date=2019-11-26|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Ali|first=Abdullah Yusuf|url=http://www.ulc.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/English-Quran-With-Commentaries.pdf|title=The Meaning of The Noble Qur'an, Commentary on al-Fatiha|year=2006|pages=7|quote=...those who are in the darkness of Wrath and those who stray? The first are those who deliberately break God's law; the second those who stray out of carelessness or negligence. Both are responsible for their own acts or omissions. In opposition to both are the people who are in the light of God's Grace: for His Grace not only protects them from active wrong ... but also from straying into paths of temptation or carelessness. The negative gair should be construed as applying not to the way, but as describing men protected from two dangers by God's Grace.|author-link=Abdullah Yusuf Ali|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312164616/http://www.ulc.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/English-Quran-With-Commentaries.pdf|archive-date=2017-03-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Shafi|first=Muhammad|url=http://www.islamicstudies.info/quran/maarif/maarif.php?sura=1|title=Ma'ariful Qur'an|pages=78–79|author-link=Muhammad Shafi Deobandi|access-date=2019-12-13|archive-date=2020-07-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200718160303/http://www.islamicstudies.info/quran/maarif/maarif.php?sura=1|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Tafsir al-Kabir, al-Razi, التفسير الكبير, Tafsir Surah al-Fatiha}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Al-Kashshaaf, Al-Zamakhshari, الكشاف, Commentary on surah al-Fatiha}}</ref><ref name="Maududi">{{cite book|last=Maududi|first=Sayyid Abul Ala|title=Tafhim Al Quran|url=http://www.englishtafsir.com/Quran/1/index.html|access-date=2013-06-17|archive-date=2013-07-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728184437/http://www.englishtafsir.com/Quran/1/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://corpuscoranicum.de/kommentar/index/sure/1/vers/1|title=Corpus Coranicum: Commentary on the Quran. Chronologisch-literaturwissenschaftlicher Kommentar zum Koran, hg. von der Berlin-Brandenburgischen Akademie der Wissenschaften durch Angelika Neuwirth unter Mitarbeit von Ali Aghaei und Tolou Khademalsharieh, unter Heranziehung von Übersetzungen von Nicolai Sinai.|last=|first=|date=15 November 2021|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|quote=Das anaphorische ʾiyyāka (V. 6) betont die Exklusivität des Angerufenen, der anders als im Fall der paganen mušrikūn, die Gott zwar in extremen Situationen um Hilfe rufen, ihm aber nicht dienen, vgl. Q 17:67, Adressat sowohl von Hilferufen als auch von Gottesdienst ist. An diese im Zentrum stehende Affirmation der Alleinverehrung Gottes schließt die Bitte um Rechtleitung an (V. 7). Der hier erhoffte ‚gerade Weg‘ soll demjenigen der bereits von Gott mit Huld bedachten Vorläufern folgen. Sie werden nicht explizit gemacht und dürften zur Zeit der Entstehung der fātiḥa auch unbestimmt intendiert sein. Erst später – mit der Herausbildung von Kollektivbildern - ließen sich die Zielgruppen ex silentio erschließen}}</ref> However, some Muslim commentators believe [[Jews]] and [[Christians]] are exampleexamples of those evoking God's anger and those who went astray, respectively.<ref name="Leaman">{{cite book|last=Leaman|first=Oliver|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=isDgI0-0Ip4C&pg=PA614&lpg=PA614&dqq=%22The+Prophet+interpreted+those+who+incurred+God%E2%80%99s+wrath+as+the+Jews+and+the+misguided+as+the+Christians%22#v=onepage&qpg=%22The%20Prophet%20interpreted%20those%20who%20incurred%20God%E2%80%99s%20wrath%20as%20the%20Jews%20and%20the%20misguided%20as%20the%20Christians%22&f=falsePA614|title=The Qur'an: an Encyclopedia|date=2006|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=0-415-32639-7|editor=Leaman, Oliver|page=614|quote=The Prophet interpreted those who incurred God's wrath as the Jews and the misguided as the Christians.|author-link=Oliver Leaman|access-date=2020-11-05|archive-date=2021-03-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210328155435/https://books.google.com/books?id=isDgI0-0Ip4C&q=%22The+Prophet+interpreted+those+who+incurred+God%E2%80%99s+wrath+as+the+Jews+and+the+misguided+as+the+Christians%22&pg=PA614|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="interpretation2">{{cite book|last=Ayoub|first=Mahmoud M.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sIXpFtvp2JYC&lpg=PA49&pg=PA49#v=onepage&q&f=true|title=The Qur'an and Its Interpreters: v.1: Vol 1|date=January 1984|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0873957274|page=49|quote=Most commentators have included the Jews among those who have "incurred" divine wrath and the Christians among those who have "gone astray".(Tabari, I, pp. 185-195; Zamakhshari, I, p. 71)|authorlinkauthor-link=Mahmoud M. Ayoub}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|authoraccess-date=[[Ibn Kathir]]2020-11-05|titlearchive-date=The Quran Commentaries for 1.7 Al Fatiha (The opening)2021-03-28|archive-url=https://quranxweb.comarchive.org/tafsirsweb/120210328155501/https://books.7|accessdategoogle.com/books?id=24 January 2020sIXpFtvp2JYC&pg=PA49|workurl-status=QuranXlive}}</ref><ref>{{Qtaf|en:ibk|1|7}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Al-Amin Ash-Shanqit, Muhammad|date=10 October 2012|title=Tafsir of Chapter 001: Surah al-Fatihah (The Opening)|url=https://sunnahonline.com/library/the-majestic-quran/431-tasfir-of-chapter-1-surah-al-fatihah-the-opening|accessdateaccess-date=24 January 2020|work=Sunnah Online|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531145652/https://sunnahonline.com/library/the-majestic-quran/431-tasfir-of-chapter-1-surah-al-fatihah-the-opening|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iti-dplakf4| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211117/Iti-dplakf4| archive-date=2021-11-17 | url-status=live|title=The greatest recitation of Surat al-Fatiha|date=6 June 2007|people=Al Kindari, Fahad|publisher=Sweden [[Dawah]] Media Production (on behalf of High Quality & I-Media); LatinAutor - Warner Chappell|access-date=20 December 2019|quote=The saying of the Exalted, 'not the Path of those who have earned Your Anger, nor of those that went astray': the majority of the scholars of tafseer said that 'those who have earned Your Anger' are the Jews, and 'those that went astray' are the Christians, and there is the hadeeth of the Messenger of AllaahGod (SAW) reported from Adee bin Haatim (RA) concerning this. And the Jews and the Christians even though both of them are misguided and both of them have AllaahGod's Anger on them - the Anger is specified to the Jews, even though the Christians share this with them because the Jews knew the truth and rejected it and deliberately came with falsehood, so the Anger (of AllahGod being upon them) was the description most befitting them. And the Christians were ignorant, not knowing the truth, so misguidance was the description most befitting them. So with this the saying of AllaahGod, 'so they have drawn on themselves anger upon anger' (2:90) clarifies that the Jews are those that 'have earned your Anger'. And likewise His sayings, 'Say: shall I inform you of something worse than that, regarding the recompense from AllaahGod: those (Jews) who incurred the Curse of AllaahGod and His Anger' (5:60)}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Surah Al-Fatihah, Chapter 1|url=https://www.al-islam.org/enlightening-commentary-light-holy-quran-vol-1/surah-al-fatihah-chapter-1|accessdateaccess-date=11 December 2019|work=[[al-islam.org]]|date=23 January 2014|quote=Some of the commentators believe that / dallin / 'those gone astray' refers to the misguided of the Christians; and / maqdubi 'alayhim / 'those inflicted with His Wrath' refers to the misguided of the Jews.|archive-date=8 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208094137/https://www.al-islam.org/enlightening-commentary-light-holy-quran-vol-1/surah-al-fatihah-chapter-1|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=[[Tafsir al-Jalalayn|author-link=Tafsir al-Jalalayn]]|title=The Tasfirs|url=https://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=1&tTafsirNo=74&tSoraNo=1&tAyahNo=7&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=2|accessdateaccess-date=7 February 2020|work=altafsir.com}}</ref> Critics of Islam, such as [[Andrew Bostom]], view this as an exclusive condemnation of ''all'' Jews and Christians from all times.<ref>{{cite news|author=[[Andrew Bostom|Bostom, Andrew]]|archive-date=294 MaySeptember 2019|title=Ramadan Koran lesson: Curse Jews and Christians 17archive-times daily: Part 1|work=[[Israel National News]]|url=httphttps://wwwweb.israelnationalnewsarchive.comorg/Articlesweb/Article.aspx20190904084752/23948|accessdate=9 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=[[Andrew Bostom|Bostom, Andrew]]|date=29 May 2019|title=Ramadan Koran lesson: Curse Jews and Christians 17-times daily: Part 2|url=httphttps://www.israelnationalnewsaltafsir.com/Articles/ArticleTafasir.aspx/23949|accessdateasp?tMadhNo=9 December 2019|work1&tTafsirNo=[[Israel National News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author74&tSoraNo=Shrenzel, Israel|date1&tAyahNo=4 September 2019|title7&tDisplay=Verses and Reality: What the Koran Really Says about Jews|workyes&UserProfile=[[Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs]]0&LanguageId=2|url=http://jcpa.org/article/verses-and-reality-what-the-koran-really-says-about-jews/|accessdatestatus=8 December 2019live}}</ref> However, most Islamic scholars have interpreted these verses as referring exclusively not to a specific group of people but instead interpret these in the more general sense as, "evil consequences which man brings upon himself by wilfully rejecting God's guidance and acting contrary to His injunctions."<ref name = ":0ExplantionQur'an">{{Cite book|last=Asad|first=Muhammad|url=httphttps://wwwbooks.muhammad-asadgoogle.com/Message-of-Quran.pdf|titlebooks?id=TheyLKkvUGFP34C Message of the Quran, Commentary on Surah Fatiha|publisherlast=Abdul-Rahman|yearfirst=Muhammad Saed|isbntitle=|location=|pages=23–24|quote=AccordingThe to almost all the commentators, God's "condemnation" (ghadab, lit., "wrath") is synonymous with the evil consequences which man brings upon himself by wilfully rejecting God's guidancemeaning and acting contrary to His injunctions. ... As regards the two categories of people following a wrong course, someexplanation of the greatest Islamic thinkers (e.g. Al-Ghazali or, in recent times, Muhammadglorious Qur'Abduh) held the view that the people described as having incurred "God's condemnation" - that isan, having2nd deprived themselves of His grace - are those who have become fully cognizant of God's message andEdition, havingVolume understood1 it,|publisher=MSA havePublication rejectedLimited it; while by "those who go astray" are meant people whom the truth has either not reached at all, or to whom it has come in so garbled and corrupted a form as to make it difficult for them to recognize it as the truth (see 'Abduh in Manar I, 68 ff.).|authoryear=2009|isbn=978-link=Muhammad Asad1-86179-643-1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite bookrp|last=Shafi|first=Muhammad|url=http://www.islamicstudies.info/quran/maarif/maarif.php?sura=1|title=Ma'ariful Qur'an|pages=78–79|author-link=Muhammad Shafi Deobandi45}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Citecite book|last=Ali|first=Abdullah Yusufweb|url=httphttps://wwwnoblequran.ulc.orgcom/wpsurah-contentalfatihah/uploads/2012/10/English-Quran-With-Commentaries.pdf |title=The MeaningInterpretation of The Noble Qur’an, Commentary on al-Fatiha|publisher=|year=2006|isbn=|location=|pages=7|quote=...those who are in the darknessmeanings of Wrath and those who stray? The first are those who deliberately break God's law; the second those who stray out of carelessness or negligence. Both are responsible for their own acts or omissions. In opposition to both are the people whoNoble areQuran in- theSurah light1 of God's Grace: for His Grace not only protects them from active wrong ... but also from straying into paths of temptation or carelessness. The negative gair should be construed as applying not to the way, but as describing men protected from two dangers by God's Grace.|author-link=Abdullah Yusuf Ali|archiveHilali-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312164616/http://www.ulc.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/English-Quran-With-Commentaries.pdfKhan|archive-date=2017-03-122020|url-statuswork=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite[[King book|last=|first=|title=TafsirFahd al-Kabir,Complex al-Razi,for التفسيرthe الكبير‎,Printing Tafsirof Surahthe al-Fatiha|publisher=|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=}}</ref><ref>{{CiteHoly book|last=|first=|title=Al-Kashshaaf, Al-Zamakhshari, الكشاف‎, Commentary on surah al-Fatiha|publisher=|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=}}</ref><ref name="Maududi2">{{cite book|last=Maududi|first=Imam Sayyid Abul Ala|url=http://www.englishtafsir.com/Quran/1/index.html|title=Tafhim Al Quran|author-link=Abul A'la Maududi]]}}</ref>
 
== RelatedVerses hadithand meaning ==
{{Rtl-para|ar|{{script/Arabic|'''بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ''' ۝١}}
{{over-quotation|section|date=July 2018}}
}}
One hadith narrates a story of a [[Sahabah|companion of Muhammad]] who recited al-Fātiḥah as a remedy for a tribal chief who was poisoned. According to the hadith, Muhammad later asked the companion, "How did you know that it is a Ruqqayah [remedy]?"<ref name="Ibn Kathir" /> Muhammad al-Bukhari recorded in his collection:
[''bi-smi-llahi-r-raḥmāni-r-raḥīm(i)''] <br />
{{verse||1}} In the name of God, the Most Compassionate, Most Merciful. <br />
{{Rtl-para|ar|{{script/Arabic|'''ٱلْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ ٱلْعَـٰلَمِينَ''' ۝٢}}
}}
[''al-ḥamdu li-llāhi rabbi-l-ʿālamīn(a)''] <br />
{{verse||2}} Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds— <br />
{{Rtl-para|ar|{{script/Arabic|''' ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ''' ۝٣}}
}}
[''ar-raḥmāni-r-raḥīm(i)''] <br />
{{verse||3}} the Most Compassionate, Most Merciful, <br />
{{Rtl-para|ar|{{script/Arabic|'''مَـٰلِكِ'''{{small|{{efn-lr|Qira’at: All except for ʻAsem, Al-Kesa’i, Yaʻqub and Khalaf in one of his narrations read it as: <br /> <br />
{{Script/Arabic|'''{{color|magenta|مَ}}لِكِ يَوْمِ ٱلدِّينِ''' ۝٤}} <br />
''{{color|magenta|ma}}liki yawmi-d-dīn(i)'' <br />
{{verse||4}} King of the Day of Judgement.}}}}''' يَوْمِ ٱلدِّينِ''' ۝٤}}}}
[''māliki yawmi-d-dīn(i)''] <br />
{{verse||4}} Owner of the Day of Judgement.
<br />
{{Rtl-para|ar|{{script/Arabic|'''إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ''' ۝٥}}}}
[''iyyāka naʿbudu wa-iyyāka nastaʿīn(u)''] <br />
{{verse||5}} You we worship and You we ask for help. <br />
{{Rtl-para|ar|{{script/Arabic|'''ٱهْدِنَا ٱلصِّرَٰطَ ٱلْمُسْتَقِيمَ''' ۝٦}}}}
[''ihdina-ṣ-ṣirāṭa-l-mustaqīm(a)''] <br />
{{verse||6}} Guide us to the straight path— <br />
{{Rtl-para|ar|{{script/Arabic|'''صِرَٰطَ ٱلَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ غَيْرِ ٱلْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا ٱلضَّآلِّينَ''' ۝٧}}}}
[''ṣirāṭa-llaḏīna anʿamta ʿalayhim ghayri-l-maḡḍūbi ʿalayhim wa-la-ḍ-ḍāllīn(a)''] <br />
{{verse||7}} the path of those You have favored, not those You are angry with or those who are astray.
 
==Benefits and virtues==
{{Quote| Narrated [[Abu Sa‘id al-Khudri|Abu Said Al-Khudri]]:<br>While we were on one of our journeys, we dismounted at a place where a slave girl came and said, "The chief of this tribe has been stung by a scorpion and our men are not present; is there anybody among you who can treat him (by reciting something)?" Then one of our men went along with her though we did not think that he knew any such treatment. But he treated the chief by reciting something, and the sick man recovered whereupon he gave him thirty sheep and gave us milk to drink (as a reward). When he returned, we asked our friend, "Did you know how to treat with the recitation of something?" He said, "No, but I treated him only with the recitation of the Mother of the Book [al-Fātiḥah]." We said, "Do not say anything (about it) till we reach or ask the Prophet. So when we reached Medina, we mentioned that to the Prophet (in order to know whether the sheep which we had taken were lawful to take or not). The Prophet said, "How did he come to know that it [al-Fātiḥah] could be used for treatment? Distribute your reward and assign for me one share thereof as well."|Muhammad al-Bukhari|''[[Sahih al-Bukhari]]''<ref>{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|usc=yes|6|61|529}}</ref>}}
Muslims attribute special significance to some ''surahs'' for their virtues and benefits ({{Langx|ar|فضائل|faḍā’il|label=none}}) described in the [[hadith]]. Acceptance of the different hadith varies between Sunni and Shia Muslims, and there is a variety of terms to classify the different levels of confirmed authenticity of a hadith. However, both Sunnis and Shia believe Al-Fatiha to be one of the greatest ''surahs'' in the Quran, and a cure for several diseases and poisons, both spiritual and mental.<ref name=":2" />
 
==See also==
Similar versions are found in: Al-Bukhari: 007.071.645<ref>{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|usc=yes|7|71|645}}</ref>—medicine; Al-Bukhari: 007.071.633<ref>{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|usc=yes|7|71|633}}</ref>—medicine; Al-Bukhari: 007.071.632<ref>{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|usc=yes|7|71|632}}</ref>—medicine
*[[Basmala]]
 
== Notes ==
[[Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj]] recorded that [[Abu Hurairah]] had told that [[Muhammad]] had said:
{{Notelist}}
{{Notelist-lr}}
 
==References==
{{Quote|If anyone observes prayer in which he does not recite Umm al-Qur'an,<ref>[http://www.qtafsir.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=103&Itemid=35 The Reason it is Called Umm Al-Kitab]</ref> it is deficient [he said this three times] and not complete.|Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj|''[[Sahih Muslim]]''''<ref name="virtue">[http://www.quran4u.com/Tafsir%20Ibn%20Kathir/001%20Fatihah.htm The Meaning of Al-Fatihah and its Various Names]</ref><ref>{{Hadith-usc|usc=yes|muslim|4|773}}</ref>}}
{{Reflist|30em}}
 
== Bibliography ==
A similar story is found in Al-Bukhari: 001.012.723<ref>{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|usc=yes|1|12|723}}</ref>—characteristics of prayer.
* {{cite book|author=David James|title=Qur'ans of the Mamluks|url=|date=1988|publisher=Alexandria Press|isbn=9780500973677|location=London|ref={{SfnRef|Qur'ans of the Mamluks}}}}
 
Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj recorded:
 
{{Quote|[[`Abd Allah ibn `Abbas|Ibn 'Abbas]] reported that while [[Gabriel]] was sitting with the Apostle (may peace be upon him) he heard a creaking sound above him. He lifted his head and said: As a gate opened in heaven today which had never been opened before. Then when an angel descended through it, he said: This is an angel who came down to the earth who had-never come down before. He greeted and said: Rejoice in two lights given to you which have not been given to any prophet before you: Fatiha al-Kitab and the concluding verses of Surah al-Baqara. You will never recite a letter from them for which you will not be given (a reward).|Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj|''Sahih Muslim''<ref>{{Hadith-usc|usc=yes|muslim|4|1760}}</ref>}}
 
==Benefits and virtues attributed to Sura Al-Fatiha==
Some Suras are assigned special significance by adherents of Islam, because of their virtues and benefits (Arabic: فضائل‎ faḍāʾil) described in the Hadiths. Acceptance of the different hadith stories varies between Sunni and Shia Muslims and there is a variety of terms to classify the different levels of confirmed authenticity of a hadith.
 
===Sunni benefits===
====One of the greatest Surahs====
Ahmad ibn Hanbal recorded in his Musnad (Hadith collection) that Abu Sa`id bin Al-Mu`alla had said:
 
"I was praying when the Prophet called me, so I did not answer him until I finished the prayer. I then went to him and he said, 'What prevented you from coming?' I said, 'O Messenger of God! I was praying.' He said, 'Didn't God say, "O you who believe! Answer God (by obeying Him) and (His) Messenger when he calls you to that which gives you life."?' He then said, 'I will teach you the greatest Surah in the Qur'an before you leave the Masjid (Mosque).' He held my hand and when he was about to leave the Masjid, I said, 'O Messenger of God! You said: "I will teach you the greatest Surah in the Qur'an."' He said, 'Yes.' "Al-Hamdu lillahi Rabbil-`Alamin," It is the seven repeated (verses) and the Glorious Qur'an that I was given." (Al-Bukhari, Abu Dawud, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Majah also recorded this Hadith.)<ref name="Virtue">{{Cite web| url=http://www.quran4u.com/Tafsir%20Ibn%20Kathir/001%20Fatihah.htm | title=Virtues of Sura Al-Fatiha}}</ref><ref name="Authentic">{{Cite web| url=https://the-finalrevelation.blogspot.com/2012/08/weak-and-sahih-virtues-of-surahs.html | title=Authentic and Weak Virtues}}</ref><ref name="Bukhari">{{Cite web| url=http://www.islamicity.com/hadith/action.lasso.asp?-db=Services&-lay=Hadith&-op=cn&-find=hadith_textS&-format=sreply.htm&-Error=error.htm&-Max=20&-SortField=Hadith_Nbr&-SortOrder=Descending&-op=cn&hadith_textS=fatiha&-find=Search | title=Hadith}}</ref><ref name="Merit">{{Cite web| url=https://www.imamreza.net/old/eng/imamreza.php?id=3444 | title=Merits of Surahs}}</ref><ref name="Reward">{{Cite web| url=https://www.al-islam.org/fawaid-e-quran-sayyid-mustafa-musawi/benefits-recitation-chapters-holy-quran | title=Rewards of Suras}}</ref>
 
====Al-fatiha used for cure====
Al-Bukhari recorded in his collection:
 
Abu Sa 'id Al-Khudri said: "While we were on one of our journeys, we dismounted at a place where a slave girl came and said, "The chief of this tribe has been stung by a scorpion and our men are not present; is there anybody among you who can treat him (by reciting something)?" Then one of our men went along with her though we did not think that he knew any such treatment. But he treated the chief by reciting something, and the sick man recovered whereupon he gave him thirty sheep and gave us milk to drink (as a reward). When he returned, we asked our friend, "Did you know how to treat with the recitation of something?" He said, "No, but I treated him only with the recitation of the Mother of the Book (i.e., Al-Fatiha)." We said, "Do not say anything (about it) till we reach or ask the Prophet so when we reached Medina, we mentioned that to the Prophet (in order to know whether the sheep which we had taken were lawful to take or not). The Prophet said, "How did he come to know that it (Al-Fatiha) could be used for treatment? Distribute your reward and assign for me one share thereof as well." (Al-Bukhari 006.061.529 - Virtues of the Qur'an)<ref name="Virtue" /><ref name="Authentic" /><ref name="Bukhari" /><ref name="Merit" /><ref name="Reward" />
 
(Similar versions found in: Al-Bukhari: 007.071.645 - Medicine; Al-Bukhari: 007.071.633 - Medicine; Al-Bukhari: 007.071.632 - Medicine)
 
====Necessity in Salat====
Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj recorded that Abu Hurayrah had told that the Prophet had said:
 
"Whoever performs any prayer in which he did not read Umm Al-Qur'an (i.e., Al-Fatiha), then his prayer is incomplete." (Sahih Muslim)<ref name="Virtue" /><ref name="Authentic" /><ref name="Bukhari" /><ref name="Merit" /><ref name="Reward" />
 
(Similar story found in Al-Bukhari: 001.012.723 - Characteristics of Prayer)
 
====1 of the 2 lights====
Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj recorded that Ibn ‘Abbas had said:
 
“While Hadrat Jibril (i.e. the angel Gabriel) was sitting with the Holy Prophet, he heard a sound above him and raised his head. He said: ‘This is a door in the heaven which has been opened today and which has never been opened before today.’ An angel descended from it. And he (Hadrat Jibril) said: ‘This is an angel who has descended to earth, who has never descended before today.’ He (that angel) gave the greetings of peace and said: ‘Give the good news of two lights which you have been given; of which no Prophet before you was given: the Faatiha (Opening chapter) of the Book and the end of Surah al-Baqarah. You will not recite a letter of them without being given it.’” (Sahih Muslim) <ref name="Virtue" /><ref name="Authentic" /><ref name="Bukhari" /><ref name="Merit" /><ref name="Reward" />
 
“When you lie your side on your bed [getting ready to sleep] and you recite [The Opening chapter of The Book] and Sura al-Ikhlas, then you have been secured from everything, except death… ” [Weak. Dhaif at-Targheeb w a tarheeb: 34] <ref name="Virtue" /><ref name="Authentic" /><ref name="Bukhari" /><ref name="Merit" /><ref name="Reward" />
 
“The Fatiha and the Ayaat ul Kursi: No slave will ever recite them in a house; except that no evil eye - from a Jinn or human – will ever affect them in that day… ” [Dhaif al Jam i as-Sagheer : 3952 ; weak according to Scholar Albaanee][5]
“The Fatiha is equal to a third of the Qur’an… ” [Weak. Dhaif al Jam i as-Sagheer: 3949]<ref name="Virtue" /><ref name="Authentic" /><ref name="Bukhari" /><ref name="Merit" /><ref name="Reward" />
 
===Shia benefits===
One of the companions of Muhammad narrates that he once recited this surah in the presence of Muhammad, who said, ‘By Him in whose hand is my soul, a similar revelation to this has not been included in the Taurat (Torah), Injeel (Bible), Zabur (Psalms) or even the Qur’an itself.’<ref name="Virtue" /><ref name="Authentic" /><ref name="Bukhari" /><ref name="Merit" /><ref name="Reward" />
 
Muhammad once asked Jabir ibn Abdallah Ansari, “Should I teach you a surah that has no other comparison to it in the whole Qur’an?” Jabir replied, “Yes, and may my parents be ransom upon you O prophet of Allah.” So Muhammad taught him surah al-Fatihah. Then Muhammad asked, “Jabir, should I tell you something about this surah?” Jabir answered, “Yes, and may my parents be ransom upon you O prophet of Allah.” Muhammad said, “It (surah al-Fatihah) is a cure for every ailment except death.” <ref name="Virtue" /><ref name="Authentic" /><ref name="Bukhari" /><ref name="Merit" /><ref name="Reward" />
 
Imam AbuAbdillah Ja’far as-Sadiq said that whoever cannot be cured by surah al-Fatihah, then there is no cure for that person. In the same narration it is written that if this surah is recited 70 times on any part of the body that is aching, the pain will surely go away. In fact, the power of this surah is so great that it is said that if one were to recite it 70 times over a dead body, you should not become surprised if that body starts moving (i.e. comes back to life). Surah al-Fatihah is a cure for physical and also spiritual ailments.<ref name="Virtue" /><ref name="Authentic" /><ref name="Bukhari" /><ref name="Merit" /><ref name="Reward" />
 
====An experienced way of warding off Jinn or Jadu (magic) by Muhammad Zakariyya Muhajir Madani====
This amal (practise) is known as the amal of Ayatul Kursi. After fajr salaah, maghrib salaah and before retiring to bed, read thrice Surah Fatihah including Bismillah, Aayatul Kursi, Surah Falaq (chapter 113) and Surah Naas (chapter 114). Read any Durood thrice in the beginning as well as at the end. If the affected one recites himself it is better, otherwise someone else should recite and blow in such a manner that some part of his lips touch the affected person. Also keep a bottle of water and whatever you read blow in the water at the end and make the affected one drink from that water each morning before doing anything else. When the bottle is halved, fill it up with fresh water. And if some signs of affect are seen within the house, then a portion of that water should be sprinkled in the four corners of the house in such a manner that the water does not fall on the floor. (Taweez used or approved by Sheikhul Hadith Maulana Muhammad Zakariyya Muhajir Madani).<ref name="Virtue" /><ref name="Authentic" /><ref name="Bukhari" /><ref name="Merit" /><ref name="Reward" />
 
====Iblees lamented on 4 occasions====
Ambari in his ‘Kitaabur-Rad’ through his own chain of narrators has mentioned from Mujahid ibn Jabr that Iblees, the accursed of Allah Ta’ala, lamented on four occasions: first when he was cursed; secondly when he was cast out of Heaven to the Earth; thirdly when Muhammad was given the Prophethood; fourthly when Surah Fatihah was revealed and it was revealed in Madinah.<ref name="Virtue" /><ref name="Authentic" /><ref name="Bukhari" /><ref name="Merit" /><ref name="Reward" />
 
==See also==
* [[Basmala]]
* [[Juz']]
* [[Shahada]]
 
==References==
{{reflist|30em}}
 
== External links ==
{{commons category}}
{{wikisource|The Holy Qur'an (Maulana Muhammad Ali)/1. The Opening}}
*[https://quran.com/1 Text of ''Surah'' al-Fatiha with multiple available translations]
* Al-Fātiḥah, {{Cite quran|1|1|e=7|s=ns|b=n}}, at the [[Center for Muslim-Jewish Engagement]]
* [http://www.aquraninstitute.com/surah/fatiha/p1.php Surah Al-Fatiha with Recitation by Sudais in MP3]
* http://www.quran4u.com/Tafsir%20Ibn%20Kathir/
* http://www.islamicity.com/hadith/action.lasso.asp?-db=Services&-lay=hadith&-format=Sreply.htm&-op=cn&Hadith_NBR=001.001.001&-SortField=Hadith_Nbr&-SortOrder=Ascending&-max=10&-error=error.htm&-find
* https://web.archive.org/web/20140527093239/https://abdurrahman.org/qurantafseer/TheVirtuesOfSomeSurahs_ShaikAlbanee.pdf
* http://www.quran4u.com/Tafsir%20Ibn%20Kathir/001%20Fatihah.htm
*
 
{{Sura|1|-|[[Al-Baqara]]}}
{{Authority control}}
 
[[Category:Al-Fatiha| ]]
[[Category:Salah]]
[[Category:Chapters in the Quran|Fatiha]]
[[Category:Salat]]
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