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{{Short description|Apple cultivar}}
{{Infobox cultivar | name = 'Mela annurca'
| image = File:Annurca_apple.JPG▼
| name = 'Annurca'
| image_width = 280px
▲| image = File:Annurca_apple.JPG
| image_caption =
| Genusgenus = ''[[Malus]]''
| Speciesspecies = ''[[Apple|Malus domesticapumila]]''
| hybridcultivar = Unknown'Annurca'
| cultivar = 'Mela annurca'
| origin = {{Flag|Italy}}
}}
'''Annurca''', pronounced in Italy "annurche", is a historically old cultivar of domesticated [[apple]] native to Southern [[Italy]], It is believed to be the one mentioned by [[Pliny the Elder]] in his "Naturalis Historia", and in the sixteenth century by [[Gian Battista della Porta]]. However it was first mentioned by this name by [[Giuseppe Antonio Pasquale]].<ref name="Papajorgji & Pardalos"/><ref name = luc/>▼
 
▲'''''Annurca''''', pronounced in Italy "annurche"{{IPA|it|anˈnurka|}}, also called '''''Anurka''''',<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.nationalfruitcollection.org.uk/full2.php?id=180&&fruit=apple |title=Annurca |website=National Fruit Collection |access-date=18 December 2015}}</ref> is a historically old [[cultivar]] of domesticated [[apple]] native to Southern [[Southern Italy]],. It is believed to be the one mentioned by [[Pliny the Elder]] in his "''[[Naturalis Historia"]]'', and in the sixteenth16th century by [[Gian Battista della Porta]]. However it was first mentioned by this name by [[Giuseppe Antonio Pasquale]].<ref name="Papajorgji & Pardalos"/><ref name = luc/>
Still today it is abundantly cultivated in Southern Italy,<ref name = Science/> typically at the border between the [[Caserta province|Caserta]] and [[Benevento province|Benevento]] provinces, in the valley which is called the "queen of apples".<ref name = luc>[http://www.lucianopignataro.com/articolo.php?pl=4435 Luciano Pignataro]</ref>▼
 
▲Still today it is abundantly cultivated in Southern Italy,<ref name = Science/> typically at the border between the [[Caserta province|Caserta]] and [[Benevento province|Benevento]] provinces, in the valley which is called the "queen of apples".<ref name = luc>[{{cite web|url=http://www.lucianopignataro.com/articolo.php?pl=4435 |website=Luciano Pignataro] WineBlog |title=The annurca apples, the history and the typical features of the fruit which is a symbol of Campania |date=October 21, 2010 |author=Pasquale Carlo |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224225436/http://www.lucianopignataro.com/articolo.php?pl=4435 |archive-date=December 24, 2014 }}</ref>
 
==At excavations==
'Annurca' is one of the symbols of [[Campania]] presumably at least since two millenniumsmillennia ago, as showed by the [[fresco]] paintings in the [[Ercolano]] excavations, a [[Roman Empire|Roman city]] city which was destroyed by the [[Eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79]], especially at the ''[[Casa dei Cervi]]''.<ref name = luc/> It is believed that this apple is the one depicted at the ruins of [[Pompeii]].<ref>{{citation|first=Annamaria |last=Ciarallo, [http|url=https://books.google.itcom/books?hl=it&id=xS9uEqXxXRIC&q=annurca#v|title=snippet&q=annurca&f=false ''Gardens of Pompeii''], |publisher=[[J. Paul Getty Museum]] Publications, |year=2001 ISBN |isbn=0-89236-629-X (p. |page=20).}}</ref>
 
==Description==
[[File:Mela annurca.jpg|thumb|Annurca apples (mela annurca).]]
'Annurca' has a white pulp, firm and crunchy, a sweet aroma, and a pleasantly acidic taste.<ref name="Papajorgji & Pardalos"/> The apple doesn't ripen on the tree, but is carefully placed in the sun after it is picked until it turns red.<ref name = luc/> However, it is still notable for its high firmness and its characteristic flavor. Itsand high tissue firmness is, linked to its high concentration of [[pectin]]., Pectinwhich changes its composition during the reddening process.<ref name = Science>[http://www{{citation|doi=10.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii1016/S030881460000306X ‘Annurca’S0308-8146(00)00306-X|title='Annurca' apple fruit, a southern Italy apple cultivar: textural properties and aroma composition]|first1=Roberto|last1=Lo Scalzo|first2=Armando|last2=Testoni|first3=Angela|last3=Genna|journal=Food Chemistry|date=May 2001|volume=73|issue=3|pages=333–343}}</ref>
 
There are two selected clones of 'Annurca', ‘Standard’''Standard'' and ‘Rossa''Rossa del Sud’Sud'' ("Red of the South").<ref name = Science/>
 
==Specialties==
This cultivar is a very important fruit in the [[Neapolitan cuisine]], is listed on the [[Ark of Taste]] as a unique local cultural and traditional [[slow food]], and enjoy [[Protected Geographical Indication]] status within the [[European Union]] under the label "PGI Melannurca".<ref name="Papajorgji & Pardalos">{{citation|author1=Petraq J. Papajorgji, |author2=Panos M. Pardalos, ''[http|url=https://books.google.itcom/books?hl=it&id=rqFCrpjrwHsC&q=annurca#v|title=snippet&q=annurca&f=false Advances in Modeling Agricultural Systems]'', |publisher=Springer Verlag, |year=2009 (p. |page=474) ISBN |isbn=978-0-387-75180-1}}. {{DOIdoi|10.1007/978-0-387-75181-8}}</ref>
 
==References==
{{commons category|Mela annurca}}
{{reflist}}
 
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*[http://www.fouritalianfriends.com/food/mela-annurca-apple-temper/ FourItalianFriends]
 
{{apples|state=collapsed}}
 
[[Category:Apple cultivars]]
[[Category:NaturalArk cultivarsof Taste foods]]
[[Category:Italian products with protected designation of origin]]
 
{{rosalesapple-fruit-stub}}
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