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{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{infobox UK place| ▼
{{Use British English|date=August 2013}}
|country
| coordinates = {{coord|52.676629|-1.545231|display=inline,title}}
| official_name = Appleby Parva
| static_image_name = Austrey Lane in Appleby Parva - geograph.org.uk - 746247.jpg
| static_image_caption =
| shire_district = [[North West Leicestershire]]
| shire_county = [[Leicestershire]]
| region = East Midlands
| civil_parish = Appleby Magna
| constituency_westminster = [[Hinckley and Bosworth (UK Parliament constituency)|Hinckley and Bosworth]]
| postcode_district = DE12
| postcode_area = DE
Line 16 ⟶ 17:
| dial_code = 01530
| os_grid_reference = SK 31443 09675
| london_distance = 163
}}
'''Appleby Parva''', or '''Little Appleby''' (Known locally as '''Over-Town'''), part of the parish of [[Appleby Magna]] in [[Leicestershire]], is a hamlet about
[[Appleby Magna]] and Appleby Parva are usually collectively known as Appleby.
The village was also calculated to be the [[centre of population]] of [[Great Britain]] in 2000, according to research by Professor
▲'''Appleby Parva''', or '''Little Appleby''' (Known locally as '''Over-Town'''), part of the parish of [[Appleby Magna]] in [[Leicestershire]], is a hamlet about a mile south of Appleby church at the crossroads of the highways from [[Ashby de la Zouch]] to [[Tamworth]] and from [[Atherstone]] to [[Burton upon Trent]].
==History==▼
▲The village was also calculated to be the [[centre of population]] of [[Great Britain]] in 2000, according to research by Professor Daniel Dorling of [[University of Leeds|Leeds University]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://wwwnotes2.leeds.ac.uk/cuttings.nsf/ca19a58d66951b21802570980070beb6/6e35c8489160f26880256b5a004ef41d?OpenDocument |title=News Item: |accessdate=2007-11-25 |work=[[University of Leeds]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.applebymagna.org.uk/population_centre.htm |title=Population Centre |accessdate=2007-11-25 |work=Appleby Magna & Appleby Parva | archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20071123015253/http://www.applebymagna.org.uk/population_centre.htm| archivedate = November 23, 2007}}</ref>
Appleby Parva is originally believed to be a Danish settlement, whilst [[Appleby Magna]] is believed to be an earlier settlement pre-dating the Anglo-Saxons.<ref name="applebymagna">{{cite web|url=http://www.applebymagna.org.uk/appleby_history/in_focus4_danes&domesday.htm|title=Appleby Magna: History in Focus Part 4|accessdate=2013-02-06|archive-date=29 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929073709/http://www.applebymagna.org.uk/appleby_history/in_focus4_danes%26domesday.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The name is derived from a combination of 'apa', meaning water or stream, and 'by(r)', meaning settlement.<ref name="applebymagna" />
Appleby appears three times in [[Domesday Book]], with [[Appleby Magna]] (listed as Aplebi and Apleby) and Appleby Parva (listed as Apleberie) recorded separately.<ref name="applebymagna" /> [[Appleby Magna]] is listed as partly in [[Derbyshire]] and partly in [[Leicestershire]], where Appleby Parva is listed as being in [[Leicestershire]]<ref name="domesdaymap">{{cite web |url=http://domesdaymap.co.uk/place/SK3008/appleby-parva/ |title=Domesday Book |accessdate=2013-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130526063145/http://domesdaymap.co.uk/place/SK3008/appleby-parva/ |archive-date=26 May 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
Both have shifted across the borders several times but have been part of [[Leicestershire]] since 1897.<ref name="applebymagna_a">{{cite web|url=http://www.applebymagna.org.uk/appleby_history/in_focus5_plannedvillage.htm|title=Appleby Magna: History in Focus Part 5|accessdate=2013-02-06|archive-date=2 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502081343/http://www.applebymagna.org.uk/appleby_history/in_focus5_plannedvillage.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
Appleby Parva is listed in [[Domesday Book]] as under the lordship of [[Robert de Ferrers, 1st Earl of Derby]], who held it under his father [[Henry de Ferrers]], a French Nobleman and companion of [[William the Conqueror|William I]].<ref name="applebymagna" /> The Hamlet is valued at £0.5, with a taxable value of 1 Geld Unit, and a population of 4 households and 4 freeman.<ref name="domesdaymap" />
▲==History==
The hamlet is thought to have been relatively undeveloped until prior to the [[Battle of Hastings|Norman Invasion of 1066]]; the land sits at the bottom of a hill and is poorly drained, so was not cultivated by the Saxons or Danes: the settlement only began to properly develop under its new French Lord, post-1066.<ref name="applebymagna" /><ref name="applebymagna_a" /> There is thought to have been some local ethnic divide, with [[Appleby Magna]] (owned by [[Burton Abbey]] and [[Lady Godiva]]) inhabited by primarily Anglo-Saxon villagers, and Appleby Parva inhabited by a small group of Normans.<ref name="applebymagna" /><ref name="applebymagna_a" />
===Post 1600===
The land of the hamlet was then leased to farmers until in the 1600s, the Manor of Appleby Parva was purchased by the Moore Family.<ref name="applebymagna" /><ref name="applebymagna_a" /> The family held no formal titles, but were known locally as Squires.<ref name="applebymagna_a" /> The most famous member of the family was [[John Moore (Lord Mayor)|Sir John Moore]]. As second (and thus non-inheriting) son, he went to London to make his own fortune, becoming a merchant, an MP, and later Lord Mayor and Alderman of London.<ref name=DNBold>{{cite DNB|wstitle=Moore, John (1620-1702)|volume=38|pages=358-9}}</ref> He contributed large sums to the erection of schools at [[Christ's Hospital]], and founded a free grammar school in [[Appleby Magna]], now called [[Sir John Moore Church of England Primary School]]. He died aged 81, on 2 June 1702, leaving his estates, worth £80,000 (£6,247,200 today<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/currency-converter/|title=The National Archives – Currency converter: 1270–2017|first=The National|last=Archives|website=Currency converter|access-date=10 August 2021|archive-date=3 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803131739/https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/currency-converter/|url-status=live}}</ref>), to his two nephews living in Appleby Parva.<ref name="DNBold" />
The family came to own much of the land in the Parish of [[Appleby Magna]], as well as [[Snarestone|Snarestone Lodge]] in a neighbouring village, [[Kentwell Hall]] in Suffolk and land in (and the Lordship of) [[Bentley, Warwickshire]].<ref name="applebymagna_b">{{cite web|url=http://www.applebymagna.org.uk/appleby_history/in_focus13_moores_2.htm|title=Appleby Magna: History in Focus Part 13|accessdate=2013-02-06|archive-date=21 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521104307/http://www.applebymagna.org.uk/appleby_history/in_focus13_moores_2.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
The direct line of the Moores as lords of the manor failed three times, and the family were not in constant occupation.<ref name="applebymagna_b" />
The land of the hamlet enclosed by the Moores in the 18th Century.<ref name="applebymagna_b" />
George Moore, who inherited in 1813, was a pioneer in agricultural techniques. As previously mentioned, much of the hamlet was poorly drained, waterlogged and prone to flooding, especially in the winter months.<ref name="applebymagna_b" /> George sought to improve this. He is described by [[John Nichols (printer)|John Nichols]] as "the first introducer of the improved system of watering grass-lands in this country".<ref name="applebymagna_b" /> George had previously won a gold medal, for under-draining land, from the Society of Arts in the year 1794.<ref name="applebymagna_b" />
[[File:5 Appleby Hall 1912 crop.jpg|right|thumb|500px|[[Appleby Hall]] with the old Appleby House obscured. Built by [[George Moore (1811-1871)|George Moore]] in 1836 – now demolished.]]
The Moore's demolished the existing manor house in 1770; they constructed another house on the site known as Appleby House but were not in constant occupation.<ref name="applebymagna_b" />
Appleby House was extended to create [[Appleby Hall]] between 1832 and 1838.<ref name="applebymagna_b" />
The late medieval settlement pattern was largely obliterated by the construction of [[Appleby Hall]], as older surrounding properties were demolished and 'New Road' was built to replace the earlier road that passed by the front of the house; so creating a private garden and parkland around the house, which was then landscaped.<ref name="applebymagna_b" />
New carriage ways were built, as were gatehouses (which still exist today).<ref name="applebymagna_b" />
By the 1880s the Moores family's fortunes had turned: The Agricultural slump caused revenues to fall sharply.<ref name="applebymagna_c">{{cite web|url=http://www.applebymagna.org.uk/appleby_history/in_focus14_moores_3.htm|title=Appleby Magna: History in Focus Part 14|accessdate=2013-02-06|archive-date=6 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306010617/http://www.applebymagna.org.uk/appleby_history/in_focus14_moores_3.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The family initially tried to save the estate by searching for coal: The Appleby Magna Colliery Company was formed in the 1870s but failed to find any workable coal seams.<ref name="applebymagna_c" /> Attempts were made to cut expenses by demolishing several of the family's ancillary and dower homes, but they were ultimately forced to put [[Appleby Hall]] and its estate up for sale: the quire then retired to Witchingham Hall in Norfolk.<ref name="applebymagna_c" />
The estate ran to 4,500 acres and included land in many of the neighbouring villages; however, attempts to sell failed.<ref name="applebymagna_c" /> Several farms were auctioned in 1888 and 1889.<ref name="applebymagna_c" />
Squire George John Moore returned to [[Appleby Hall]] in 1891 and, despite his financial situation, continued to live an extravagant lifestyle with numerous household staff.<ref name="applebymagna_c" /> With insufficient income, ends were met by the repeated sales of farms and land.<ref name="applebymagna_c" /> George John died in 1916 and his son Charles L G Moore inherited the Hall and estate (now less than 2400 acres).<ref name="applebymagna_c" />
In 1918 the estate was no longer viable and Charles looked to sell.<ref name="applebymagna_c" /> In 1919 he forced an ultimatum on his tenant farmers: they would have to give him 10 shillings more rent per acre, or he would be forced to sell (a rise of between 32% and 50%).<ref name="applebymagna_c" /> The farmers initially agreed, but later reneged, thinking he was bluffing and doubting he would actually sell the estate the family had lived in for 300 years.<ref name="applebymagna_c" />
Charles had, however, already received an offer and the house was sold to property speculators.<ref name="applebymagna_c" />
The rest of the estate was auctioned on Thursday 20 November 1919 at the Royal Hotel, [[Ashby de la Zouch]].<ref name="applebymagna_c" /> The estate was divided into 49 lots comprising a total of 2786 acres, and included 12 farms, 22 small holdings, 2 inns and about 50 cottages.<ref name="applebymagna_c" />
With the estate sold, Charles retired to Devon where he died in 1961.<ref name="applebymagna_c" />
The farms and small holdings were mainly sold to their tenants.<ref name="applebymagna_c" />
After being sold, [[Appleby Hall]] was stripped of its valuable materials (interiors and lead roof) and had been completely demolished by 1930; only the gatehouses and part of the stables building remained.<ref name="applebymagna_c" />
==See also==
*[[Appleby Hall]]
*[[Appleby Magna]]
*[[John Moore (Lord Mayor)]]
*[[George Moore (1811-1871)|George Moore]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
== External links ==
[[Category:Hamlets in Leicestershire]]▼
* {{commons category-inline|Appleby Parva}}
* {{OpenDomesday|SK3008|appleby-parva|Appleby [Parva]}}
{{Towns and Villages of North West Leicestershire |state=expanded}}
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