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Friuli1212 (talk | contribs) This was not the first Mongol defeat. Sources material does not even support this claim Tags: Reverted references removed Visual edit Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
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'''Al-Malik al-Zahir Rukn al-Din Baybars al-Bunduqdari''' ({{lang-ar|الملك الظاهر ركن الدين بيبرس البندقداري}}, ''al-Malik al-Ẓāhir Rukn al-Dīn Baybars al-Bunduqdārī'') (1223/1228 – 1 July 1277), commonly known as '''Baibars''' or '''Baybars''' and nicknamed '''Abu al-Futuh''' ({{lang|ar|أبو الفتوح}}, {{literal translation}} 'Father of Conquests'), was the fourth [[Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)|Mamluk]] [[List of rulers of Islamic Egypt#Mamluk Sultanate (1250–1517)|sultan of Egypt and Syria]], of [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] [[Kipchaks|Kipchak]] origin, in the [[Bahri dynasty]], succeeding [[Qutuz]]. He was one of the commanders of the Egyptian forces that inflicted a defeat on the [[Seventh Crusade]] of King [[Louis IX of France]]. He also led the vanguard of the Egyptian army at the [[Battle of Ain Jalut]] in 1260,<ref>The New Encyclopædia Britannica, Macropædia, H.H. Berton Publisher, 1973–1974, p.773/vol.2</ref>
The reign of Baybars marked the start of an age of Mamluk dominance in the [[Eastern Mediterranean]] and solidified the durability of their military system. He managed to pave the way for the end of the [[Crusader states|Crusader]] presence in the [[Levant]] and reinforced the union of Egypt and Syria as the region's pre-eminent Muslim state, able to fend off threats from both Crusaders and Mongols, and even managed to subdue the kingdom of [[Makuria]], which was famous for being unconquerable by previous Muslim empire invasion attempts. As sultan, Baybars also engaged in a combination of diplomacy and military action, allowing the Mamluks of Egypt to greatly expand their empire.
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