Borough of Wokingham: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Unitary authority area in Berkshire, England}}
{{About|the local government district of Wokingham, formed in 1974 and given borough status in 2007|the Borough of Wokingham before 1974 and the town within the borough of the same name|Wokingham}}
}}{{More citations needed|date=April 2021}}
{{EngvarB|date=October 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Borough of Wokingham
| settlement_type = [[Unitary authorities of England|Unitary authority]], and [[Borough status in the United Kingdom|Borough]]
<!-- images and maps ----------->
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| image1 = Old Car at The Town Hall - geograph.org.uk - 4084111.jpg
| image_shield =
| image2 = The Centre of Twyford - geograph.org.uk - 3372468.jpg
| shield_alt =
| image3 = Coronation Hall seen across Headley Road - geograph.org.uk - 4241252.jpg
| shield_link =
| image4 = St Peter's Church - geograph.org.uk - 4170990.jpg
| image_map = Wokingham UK locator map.svg
| image5 = The road into California Country Park - geograph.org.uk - 3012750.jpg
| mapsize = 250px
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| map_alt =
| image_caption = {{ubl|From left to right|Top: [[Wokingham]] [[Wokingham Town Hall|town hall]] |Middle: [[Twyford, Berkshire|Twyford]] village centre and [[Woodley, Berkshire|Woodley]] Coronation Hall |Bottom: [[Earley]] St Peter's Church and the [[California Country Park]] near [[Arborfield Green]]}}
| map_caption = Shown within [[Berkshire]]
| image_shield =
| coordinates = {{coord|51.4102|-0.8432|region:GB|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type shield_alt = [[List of sovereign states|Sovereign state]]
| subdivision_name shield_link = [[United Kingdom]]
| subdivision_type1image_map = [[Countries of theWokingham UnitedUK Kingdom|Constituentlocator country]]map.svg
| subdivision_name1mapsize = [[England]]250px
| subdivision_type2map_alt = [[Regions of England|Region]]=
| subdivision_name2 map_caption = Shown within [[South East EnglandBerkshire]]
| coordinates = {{coord|51.4102|-0.8432|region:GB|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type3 = [[Ceremonial county]]
| subdivision_name3subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Sovereign = [[Berkshirestate]]
| subdivision_type4subdivision_name = [[United = StatusKingdom]]
| subdivision_name4 subdivision_type1 = [[UnitaryCountries authoritiesof ofthe United EnglandKingdom|UnitaryConstituent authoritycountry]]
| established_title1 subdivision_name1 = Incorporated[[England]]
| established_date1 subdivision_type2 = 1[[Regions Aprilof 1974England|Region]]
| seat_typesubdivision_name2 = [[South East = Admin HQEngland]]
| seat subdivision_type3 = [[WokinghamCeremonial county]]
| government_type subdivision_name3 = Unitary authority[[Berkshire]]
| subdivision_type4 = Status
| governing_body = [[Wokingham Borough Council]]
| subdivision_name4 = [[Unitary authorities of England|Unitary authority]]
| leader_party = {{English district control|GSS=E06000041}}
| leader_title established_title1 = LeadershipIncorporated
| leader_name established_date1 = Leader1 &April Cabinet1974
| map_altseat_type = Admin = HQ
| leader_title1 = [[List of MPs elected in the 2017 United Kingdom general election|MPs]]
| shield_linkseat = [[Wokingham]]
| leader_name1 = [[John Redwood]] [[Conservative Party (UK)|(C)]]<br>[[Theresa May]] [[Conservative Party (UK)|(C)]]<br>[[Matt Rodda]] [[Labour Party (UK)|(L)]]<br>[[James Sunderland (politician)|James Sunderland]] [[Conservative Party (UK)|(C)]]<!-- The borough contains part of the Maidenhead, Reading East and Bracknell constituencies -->
| area_total_km2government_type = Unitary = 178.98authority
| governing_body = [[Wokingham Borough Council]]
| area_rank = {{English district area rank|GSS=E06000041}} [[List of English districts by area|(of {{English district total}})]]
| population_total leader_party = {{English district population|GSS=E06000041}}
| population_as_of leader_title = {{United Kingdom statistics year}}Leadership
| leader_name = Leader & Cabinet
| population_rank = {{English district rank|GSS=E06000041}} [[List of English districts by population|(of {{English district total}})]]
| leader_title1 = [[List of MPs elected in the 2017 United Kingdom general election|MPs]]
| population_density_km2 = auto
| leader_name1 = [[John Redwood]] [[Conservative Party (UK)|(C)]]<br>[[Theresa May]] [[Conservative Party (UK)|(C)]]<br>[[Matt Rodda]] [[Labour Party (UK)|(L)]]<br>[[James Sunderland (politician)|James Sunderland]] [[Conservative Party (UK)|(C)]]<!-- The borough contains part of the Maidenhead, Reading East and Bracknell constituencies -->
| population_blank1_title = Ethnicity
| area_total_km2 = 178.98
| population_blank1 = 88.4% White (83.6% White British)<br /> 7.5% Asian<br /> 2.1% Black British<br /> 2% Mixed Race
| timezone area_rank = {{English district area rank|GSS=E06000041}} [[GreenwichList Meanof TimeEnglish districts by area|GMT(of {{English district total}})]]
| utc_offset population_total = 0177,500
| timezone_DST population_as_of = [[British Summer Time|BST]]2021
| area_rank population_rank = {{English district area rank|GSS=E06000041}} [[List of English districts by areapopulation|(of {{English district total}})]]
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| population_density_km2 = auto992
| blank1_name = [[ONS coding system|ONS code]]
<!-- demographics (section 1) -->
| blank1_info = 00MF (ONS) E06000041 (GSS)
| demographics_type1 = Ethnicity <span style="font-weight:normal;">([[2021 United Kingdom census|2021]])</span>
| blank2_name = [[Ordnance Survey National Grid|OS grid reference]]
| demographics1_footnotes = <ref name="2021 Nomis">{{NOMIS2021|id=E06000041|title=Wokingham Local Authority|access-date=5 January 2024}}</ref>
| blank2_info = {{gbmappingsmall|SU805685}}
| demographics1_title1 = [[Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom|Ethnic groups]]
| website = {{URL|http://www.wokingham.gov.uk/}}
| name demographics1_info1 =
{{Collapsible list
}}{{More citations needed|date=April 2021}}
| 79.9% [[White people in the United Kingdom|White]]
| 12.9% [[British Asians|Asian]]
| 3.1% [[Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)|Mixed]]
| 2.4% [[Black British people|Black]]
| 1.6% [[Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom|other]]
}}
<!-- demographics (section 2) -->
| demographics_type2 = Religion <span style="font-weight:normal;">(2021)</span>
| demographics2_footnotes = <ref name="2021 Nomis"/>
| demographics2_title1 = [[Religion in England|Religion]]
| demographics2_info1 =
{{Collapsible list
| 44.7% [[Religion in England#Christianity|Christianity]]
| 36.9% [[Irreligion in the United Kingdom|no religion]]
| 13.6% [[Religion in England|other]]
| 4.8% [[Islam in England|Islam]]
}}
| timezone = [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]]
| shield_alt utc_offset = 0
| timezone_DST = [[British Summer Time|BST]]
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| blank_name = [[ISO 3166-2:GB|ISO 3166]]
| mapsize blank_info = 250pxGB-WOK
| blank1_name = [[ONS coding system|ONS code]]
| blank1_info = 00MF (ONS) E06000041 (GSS)
| blank2_name = [[Ordnance Survey National Grid|OS grid reference]]
| blank2_info = {{gbmappingsmall|SU805685}}
| website = {{URL|http://www.wokingham.gov.uk/}}
| image_skylinename =
}}
 
The '''Borough of Wokingham''' is a [[DistrictsUnitary authorities of England|localunitary governmentauthority]] districtarea with [[borough status]] in [[Berkshire]], United KingdomEngland. It is named after its main town, [[Wokingham]]. Other places in the district include [[Arborfield]], [[Barkham]], [[Charvil]], [[Earley]], [[Finchampstead]], [[Hurst, Berkshire|Hurst]], [[Sonning]], [[Remenham]], [[Ruscombe]], [[Shinfield]], [[Twyford, Berkshire|TwyfordSonning]], [[WargraveSpencers Wood]], [[Three Mile Cross]], [[WinnershTwyford, Berkshire|Twyford]], [[Spencers WoodWargrave]], [[Winnersh]] and [[Woodley, Berkshire|Woodley]]. The population of Wokingham is 177,500 according to 2021 census.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Berkshire Observatory – Wokingham – Population & Demographics |url=https://wokingham.berkshireobservatory.co.uk/population/#/view-report/63aeddf1d7fc44b8b4dffcd868e84eac/___iaFirstFeature/G3 |access-date=2022-11-13 |website=wokingham.berkshireobservatory.co.uk}}</ref>
 
==History==
The district was formed on 1 April 1974 as '''Wokingham District''', under the [[Local Government Act 1972]], by the merger of the [[Wokingham|Municipal Borough of Wokingham]] and [[Wokingham Rural District]]. It is governed by [[Wokingham Borough Council]] (formerly Wokingham District Council), which has been a [[unitary authority]] since 1 April 1998, following the abolition of Berkshire County Council under the [[Banham Review]].<ref>Berkshire (Structural Change) Order 1996 (SI 1996/1879), [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1996/1879/article/3/made art.3]</ref> The district was granted [[borough status in the United Kingdom|borough status]] in 2007, following a petition to the Queen.<ref>"[http://www.wokingham.gov.uk/Easysite/lib/serveDocument.asp?doc=82479&pgid=38824&assetID=14415 Annual Monitoring Report December 2007]{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}", p. 4 bottom, Wokingham Borough Council</ref>
 
==Government==
The local authority is Wokingham Borough Council. It is a unitary authority, being a district council (but designated a borough council) also exercising the functions of a county council.<ref>Berkshire (Structural Change) Order 1996 (SI 1996/1879), [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1996/1879/article/3/made art.3]</ref>
 
==Education==
{{See also|List of schools in Wokingham}}
 
State-funded schools in the Borough of Wokingham include nine [[secondary school]]s, two [[special school]]s and numerous [[primary school]]s. There are also a number of [[IndependentPrivate schoolschools in the (United Kingdom)|independentprivate schools]].{{Citation needed|date=April 2021}}
 
[[Bracknell and Wokingham College]] is the main [[Further education|further]] and [[adult education]] provider for the borough, just outside the borough its headquarters is in [[Bracknell]]. The Borough's closest [[higher education]] provider is the main [[Whiteknights Park]] campus of the [[University of Reading]] immediately north-west,{{Citation needed|date=April 2021}} most of which in fact falls within the Wokingham Borough boundary.
 
==Geography==
Elevations range between 30 and 70 metres above sea level except higher in about 5% of the borough. The highest is an escarpment containing parts of the rural and wooded northern area, the hinterland of three Thames-side villages, facing the 30-mile long [[Chiltern Hills|Chilterns]] AONB, west and north.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.chilternsaonb.org/explore-enjoy/interactive-map.html# |title=The Chilterns Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty - explore - enjoy. Retrieved 2015-01-28 |access-date=28 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206021145/http://www.chilternsaonb.org/explore-enjoy/interactive-map.html# |archive-date=6 February 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> A geological part of that range of hills, Bowsey Hill reaches 137m, in Wargrave civil parish, {{convert|1|mi}} from the river.<ref>[https://www.geograph.org.uk/showmap.php?gridref=SU778832 Geograph.org.uk map] retrieved 2015-01-28</ref>
 
Approximately a right-angled triangle, the borough is long north to south. It uses as its longest edge the course of the [[River Loddon|Loddon]] and [[River Thames|Thames]] along its north-west, with a similarly salient-containing eastern boundary and an almost straight southern boundary. Clockwise the boundaries are approximately 10, 8 and 5 miles on a direct path from point to point. The southern boundary is approximately the [[Roman road from London to Bath]] through a highly coniferous [[Swinley Forest]] which sits in geology on the naturally acidic, [[Bagshot Formation]].{{Citation needed|date=April 2021}}
 
The town in the district is Wokingham. The villages are Arborfield, Barkham, Charvil, Earley, Finchampstead, Hurst, Sonning, Remenham, Ruscombe, Shinfield, Twyford, Wargrave, Three Mile Cross, Winnersh, Spencers Wood, and Woodley. Two villages have a wide range of small retail and visitor facilities: Wargrave and Twyford. In major employment areas of trading and manufacturing Winnersh and Finchampstead are prominent. The village of Crowthorne is shared between Wokingham and the neighbouring borough of Bracknell Forest.{{Citation needed|date=April 2021}}
 
==Home ownership==
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Excluding lower-tier districts, Central Government has classified Wokingham as the least needy Local Authority. Government funding is about £120 per head per year. This is the lowest among the combined category of county councils and unitary authorities, the basis on which it is overall assessed, and compares with over £1000 per head in others such as the [[London Borough of Hackney]].<ref>[[More or Less (radio programme)|More or Less]], Radio 4 programme. Date needed.</ref>
 
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable" id="toc" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; width: 40%; font-size: 90%;" cellspacing="5"
!colspan=6|Tenure in Berkshire compared<ref name=ons>{{Cite web |url=http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/# |title=Office for National Statistics |access-date=22 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030211201309/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/# |archive-date=11 February 2003 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''Unitary Authority''||''Owned''||''Owned with a loan''||''Socially rented''||''Privately rented''||''Other''
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The following people and military units have received the [[Freedom of the City|Freedom of the Borough]] of Wokingham.
 
{{ExpandIncomplete list|date=June 2020}}
 
===Individuals===
* [[Alderman]] Stanley Leonard Bowyer: 30 January 1973.
* Mr. Leonard Goddard Smalley: 30 January 1973.
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wokingham-tc.gov.uk/museum/document/WTH202|title = Freedom of the Borough for Bowyer and Smalley · Wokingham's Virtual Museum}}</ref>
 
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[[Category:Districts of Berkshire]]
[[Category:Local authorities adjoining the River Thames]]
[[Category:Boroughs in England]]