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Germans living in Brașov were mainly involved in trade and crafts. The location of the city at the intersection of trade routes linking the [[Ottoman Empire]] and [[Western Europe]], together with certain tax exemptions, allowed Saxon merchants to obtain considerable wealth and exert a strong political influence. They contributed a great deal to the architectural flavour of the city. Fortifications around the city were erected and continually expanded, with several towers maintained by different craftsmen's guilds, according to the medieval custom. Part of the fortification ensemble was recently restored using [[UNESCO]] funds, and other projects are ongoing. At least two entrances to the city, ''Poarta Ecaterinei'' (or ''Katharinentor'') and ''Poarta Șchei'' (or ''Waisenhausgässertor''), are still in existence. The city centre is marked by the mayor's former office building ([[:ro:Casa Sfatului din Brașov|Casa Sfatului]]) and the surrounding square (''piața''), which includes one of the oldest buildings in Brașov, the Hirscher Haus. Nearby is the "Black Church" (''[[Biserica Neagră]]''), which some claim to be the largest [[Gothic architecture|Gothic style]] church in [[Southeastern Europe]].
In 1689, [[1689 Brașov fire|a
Besides the German (Saxon) population living in the walled city and in the northern suburbs, Brașov had also a significant Romanian and Bulgarian population (living in the [[Șcheii Brașovului|Șchei]] district), and also some Hungarian population (living in the Blumăna district). The cultural and religious importance of the Romanian church and school in Șchei is underlined by the generous donations received from more than thirty [[hospodar]]s of Moldavia and Wallachia, as well as that from [[Elizabeth of Russia]]. In the 17th and 19th centuries, the Romanians in Șchei campaigned for national, political, and cultural rights, and were supported in their efforts by Romanians from all other provinces, as well as by the local Greek merchant community. In 1838, they established the first Romanian language newspaper ''[[Gazeta Transilvaniei]]'' and the first Romanian institutions of higher education: ''Școlile Centrale Greco-Ortodoxe'' ("The Greek-Orthodox Central Schools", today named after [[Andrei Șaguna]]). The [[Holy Roman Emperor]] and sovereign of Transylvania [[Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor|Joseph II]] awarded Romanians citizenship rights for a brief period during the latter decades of the 18th century.
In 1850, the town had
On 29 August 1916, during the [[First World War]], the [[Romanian Army]] occupied Brașov. Romanian troops entered the city at around five o'clock p.m. and paraded towards the city square. Romanian rule over the city lasted until early October, when the area was retaken by the [[Central Powers]] in the [[Battle of Brassó (1916)|Battle of Brassó]] (7-9 October 1916).<ref>Michael B. Barrett, Indiana University Press, 2013, ''Prelude to Blitzkrieg: The 1916 Austro-German Campaign in Romania'', pp. 26 and 122</ref> The Romanian mayor installed during the brief Romanian occupation was Gheorghe Baiulescu. His term lasted from 29 August, when the city was occupied by the Romanian Army, until 8 October – the height of the Battle of Brașov. On 9 October, at the end of the battle, the previous mayor Karl Ernst Schnell was reinstated.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.brasovcity.ro/documente/municipiu/primarii-brasovului.pdf |title=PRIMARII BRAȘOVULUI (in Romanian), p. 4 |access-date=2019-01-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630062124/http://brasovcity.ro/documente/municipiu/primarii-brasovului.pdf |archive-date=2017-06-30 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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