Brahma Kumaris: Difference between revisions

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| website = {{URL|http://www.brahmakumaris.org/|International}} {{URL|http://www.brahmakumaris.com/|India}}
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The '''Brahma Kumaris''' ({{lang-sa|ब्रह्माकुमारी}} ("Daughters of Brahma")) is a spiritual movement that originated in [[Hyderabad, Sindh]], during the 1930s.<ref name= censamm.org>[https://censamm.org/resources/profiles/brahma-kumaris Summary of movement]. censamm.org</ref><ref name=bk_faq>[http://www.brahmakumaris.org/about-us/faqs What Does Brahma Kumaris Mean?] brahmakumaris.org</ref><ref name=Monier>[[Monier Monier-Williams|Monier-Williams, Monier]] (1899) ''Sanskrit Dictionary''. Clarendon Press, Oxford. [http://www.ibiblio.org/sripedia/ebooks/mw/0300/mw__0325.html p. 292]</ref>) Founded by [[Dada Lekhraj|Lekhraj Kripalani]], the organisation teaches the importance of moving beyond labels associated with the human body, including race, nationality, religion, and gender, through meditation that emphasizes the concept of identity as souls rather than bodies. It aims to establish a global culture centered around what they refer to as "soul-consciousness".<ref name="World 2010">{{Cite book |title=Religions of the world: a comprehensive encyclopedia of beliefs and practices |date=2002 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-57607-223-3 |editor-last=Melton |editor-first=J. Gordon |location=Santa Barbara, Calif.}}</ref><ref name="Matt Tomlinson, Wendy Smith, Lenore Manderson 2012_1">{{cite book
|chapter=4. Brahma Kumaris: Purity and the Globalization of Faith
|author1=Tomlinson, Matt
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===Self===
 
The Brahma Kumaris view humans as composed of two parts: an external visible body, which includes aspects like status and possessions, and a subtle [[Energy (esotericism)|energy]] known as the soul. The [[character structure]] of the soul is expressed through a person's external actions. However, regardless of the outward appearance, whether actions are carried out with love, peace, happiness, or humility, reflects the essence of one's soul.<ref name="Ramsay_Custodians of Purity1">{{cite journal |last=Ramsay |first=Tamasin |date=Sep 2010 |title=Custodians of Purity An Ethnography of the Brahma Kumaris |publisher=Monash University |pages=105}}</ref> The Brahma Kumaris teach that the soul is an infinitesimal point of spiritual light residing in the forehead of the body it occupies,<ref name="Ramsay_Custodians of Purity1" /> and that all souls originally existed with God in a "Soul World", a world of infinite light, peace and silence.
 
The Brahma Kumaris teach that souls enter bodies to take birth in order to experience life and give expression to their personality. Unlike other Eastern traditions, the Brahma Kumaris do not believe that the human soul can transmigrate into other species.<ref name="Ramsay_Custodians of Purity1" />
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|publisher= Springer
|page=57
|quote=Another tenet of the Brahma Kumaris is that, when soul consciousness is properly practiced, it becomes a tool to have genuine shubhawna (good wishes) and shubkamna (pure feelings) for all souls, regardless of the behavior, character, feelings, or attitudes of the other, including their political, social, religious, or finan- cialfinancial dispositions.
|year=2012
|isbn=978-94-007-2931-5}}</ref> For BKs, all prejudices and ill-feelings are seen as arising from identifying the self and others based on external labels like race, religion, gender, nationality, beauty (or lack of), etc. However, when there is the practice of finding the intrinsic goodness in each one, the prejudice based on those labels is replaced by the vision of one Spiritual Parent, one Human family, and universal spiritual values such as respect, love, peace and happiness.<ref name="Hinduism. 2010">''Encyclopedia of Hinduism.'' Constance A. Jones and James D. Ryan. ABC-CLEO, LLC 2010, {{ISBN|9780816054589}}</ref> A flagship slogan for the BKs has been ''When we change, the world changes''. It is for this reason that BKs consider bringing about this kind of change within the self as an important form of "world service".<ref name="Matt Tomlinson, Wendy Smith, Lenore Manderson 2012_3">{{cite book
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| quote = However Brahma Kumaris women become core members by being fully 'surrendered,’ and their prominence derives from their mediumistic capacities, channelling ''{{lang|hi-Latn|murli}}s'' (sermons) from their dead founder. As a result, their power is veiled...through the device of possession... Hence, the importance of spirit possession, where women are the instruments or mouthpieces of a male spirit. (p277-278, citing Puttick 2003) <br /> Possession in the Brahma Kumaris is supported by solid cultural logic that sits in a receptacle of history and tradition. (p281)
| pages = 277–278, 281
}}</ref><ref>Ramsay, Tamasin. Spirit possession and purity: A case study of a Brahma Kumaris ascetic. Paper presented at the conference on Medical Anthropology at the Intersections: Celebrating 50 Years of Interdisciplinarity, Yale University, New Haven, USA, 24‐2724-27 September 2009.</ref>
 
There are two types of {{lang|hi-Latn|murli}}:<ref name="Whaling_Frank_Understanding_BK4">{{cite book
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| quote = Dadiji ke shareer mein Baba aye ... Maine unse baat ki ("Baba entered Dadi's body and he communicated to me through her")
}}</ref> at the Brahma Kumaris World Spiritual University at their headquarters in [[Mount Abu]], Rajasthan.<ref>Jha, Ravi S (28 June 2007) [https://web.archive.org/web/20070930200917/http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticleNew.asp?xfile=data%2Fsubcontinent%2F2007%2FJune%2Fsubcontinent_June1110.xml&section=subcontinent&col= Patil kicks up another row]. ''Khaleej Times''</ref> Patil stated that when she met Baba He had indicated great responsibility was coming her way.<ref name="ibnlive_ghost"/><ref>Kalyani, Shankar [https://web.archive.org/web/20080412150647/http://www.dailypioneer.com/columnist1.asp?main_variable=Columnist&file_name=shankar%2Fshankar227.txt&writer=shankar Battle for the palace]. ''The Pioneer''</ref><ref name="Spirit">{{cite news
| url = httphttps://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-06-27/india/27965196_1_pratibhaPratibha-patilbelieves-upain-left-presidential-nominee-upa-left-candidatespirits/articleshow/2152156.cms
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110303050850/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-06-27/india/27965196_1_pratibha-patil-upa-left-presidential-nominee-upa-left-candidate
| url-status = deadlive
| archive-date = 3 March 2011
| title = Pratibha believes in spirits?
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}}</ref>
 
When the organisationorganization startedbegan in the 1930s in Sindh, it sparked controversy by empowering women to assert their right to remain celibatecelibacy, particularlyespecially in marriage, was a prime factor inchallenging the controversymale-dominated that arose in 1930s Sindh, as it directly challenged the dominancesociety of men over women in the patriarchal [[Indian subcontinent]].<ref name="New Religious Movements 2006" /> Feminist commentator Prem Chowdry hascriticized criticised thethis practice of celibacy within the organisation as being a form of patriarchal control.<ref name="Prem">{{cite journal|jstor=4404549
| last = Chowdry
| first = Prem