Carolina Nunes Vais: Difference between revisions

'''Carolina Nunes Vais''' (1856 -– 1932) was an Italian, Jewish educator, who was Director of the [[Italian Girls' School, Tripoli|Italian Girls' School]] in Tripoli, which was the first educational establishment for young women in Libya.

Vais was born in 1856 in [[Livorno]].<ref name=":0" /> Little is known about her early life, however in 1877, the Jewish community in Tripoli invited an additional teacher from Livorno to emigrate in order to run a school for girls there.<ref>{{Cite book|lastlast1=d'Outre-Mer|firstfirst1=Institut d'Histoire des Pays|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uK1tAAAAMAAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&dq=Les+relations+intercommunautaires+juives+en+m%C3%A9diterran%C3%A9e+occidentale&q=Les+relations+intercommunautaires+juives+en+m%C3%A9diterran%C3%A9e+occidentale&hl=en|title=Les Relations intercommunautaires juives en Méditerranée occidentale, XIIIe-XXe siècles: actes du colloque international de l'Institut d'histoire des pays d'outre-mer (GIS Méditerranée Aix-en-Provence) et du Centre de recherches sur les Juifs d'Afrique du Nord (Institut Ben Zvi, Université de Jérusalem), Abbaye de Sénanque, mai 1982|last2=d'outre-mer|first2=Université de Provence Institut d'histoire des pays|date=1984|publisher=Editions du Centre national de la recherche scientifique|isbn=978-2-222-03463-6|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|lastlast1=Stillman|firstfirst1=Yedida Kalfon|url=https://books.google.co.ukcom/books?id=hYn4cblnkP0C&dqq=Italian+Girls'+School,+Tripoli&source=gbs_navlinks_s|title=From Iberia to Diaspora: Studies in Sephardic History and Culture|last2=Stillman|first2=Norman A.|date=1999|publisher=BRILL|year=|isbn=978-90-04-10720-5|location=|pages=124|language=en}}</ref> The previous year, in 1876, the first teacher, [[Giannetto Paggi]], had emigrated and it was he who founded the Italian Boys' School there.<ref>{{Cite book|lastlast1=Burdett|firstfirst1=Charles|url=https://books.google.co.ukcom/books?id=-mkLEAAAQBAJ&dqq=Carolina+Nunes+Vais&source=gbs_navlinks_s|title=Transcultural Italies: Mobility, Memory and Translation|last2=Polezzi|first2=Loredana|last3=Spadaro|first3=Barbara|date=2020-11-30|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-1-78962-255-3|language=en}}</ref>

During her fifty-five career as Director of the Italian Girls' School, Vais oversaw a number of changes to the curriculum in the school. From 1895 the curriculum included French, soon after English, History and Geography were adopted.<ref name=":0" /> In 1903 there were 241 girls enrolled at the school, mostly from Tripoli's Jewish middle class.<ref>{{Cite book|lastlast1=Harel|firstfirst1=Yaron|url=https://books.google.co.ukcom/books?id=bfaxDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT268&lpg=PT268&dqq=Italian+Girls'%27+School,%2C+Tripoli&sourcepg=bl&ots=fe3Ex8IKHB&sig=ACfU3U0Q9XeNdF9Fxz4fd-4Pgz_SRo2jIw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj147vCptvuAhWSlFwKHYMbA804HhDoATAJegQICBAC#v=onepage&q=Italian%20Girls'%20School,%20Tripoli&f=falsePT268|title=The Jews in Italy: Their Contribution to the Development and Diffusion of Jewish Heritage|last2=Perani|first2=Mauro|date=2019-10-01|publisher=Academic Studies PRess|isbn=978-1-64469-258-5|language=en}}</ref> In 1911 the school's budge was 12,500 francs - 12.5% of the annual budget for all of Libya's education system; the school had 348 pupils.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Levy|first=Avigdor|url=https://books.google.co.ukcom/books?id=3lRkp8Oes18C&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA144&dqq=carolina+nunes-vais&hlpg=en&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=carolina%20nunes-vais&f=falsePA144|title=Jews, Turks, and Ottomans: A Shared History, Fifteenth Through the Twentieth Century|date=2002-11-01|publisher=Syracuse University Press|isbn=978-0-8156-2941-2|language=en}}</ref>

In addition to her work as Director of the school, Vais was a board member of the Women's Benevolent Society, [['Ezrat Nashim]], which was founded in 1895 by a group of Italian women in order to enable medical care for people affected by an outbreak of plague.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Simon|first=Rachel|url=https://books.google.co.ukcom/books?id=hSjiCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA111&lpg=PA111&dqq=Carolina+Nunes+Vais&sourcepg=bl&ots=58sWNOUSGc&sig=ACfU3U3FjT7vBMXUdjdIibkUHcGIuO276Q&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjyoJbgw57uAhXOgVwKHZt0AzQ4ChDoATABegQIAxAC#v=onepage&q=Carolina%20Nunes%20Vais&f=falsePA111|title=Change within Tradition among Jewish Women in Libya|date=2017-05-01|publisher=University of Washington Press|year=|isbn=978-0-295-99885-5|location=|pages=111, 164|language=en}}</ref>

[[Category:18571850s births]]

[[Category:PeopleLivornese from LivornoJews]]

[[Category:Educationalists19th-century Italian educators]]