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{{short description|Anime and manga fordirected at children and adult}}
{{Refimprove|date=September 2012}}
{{Expand Japanese|topic=manga|子供向けアニメ|date=February 2009}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2023}}
 
{{Anime and manga}}
{{Nihongo|'''Children's manga'''|子供向け漫画|kodomo-muke manga|lead=yes}} and {{Nihongo|'''children's anime'''|子供向けアニメ|kodomo-muke anime}} refer to [[manga]] and [[anime]] directed towards children 12 years and under.<ref name="ANNLexicon">{{cite web | url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/encyclopedia/lexicon.php?id=96 | title=''Kodomo'' | publisher=[[Anime News Network]] | access-date=September 2, 2012}}</ref> These series are usually moralistic, often educating children about staying in the right path in life. Each chapter is usually a self-contained story.▼
 
▲{{Nihongo|'''Children's manga'''|子供向け漫画|kodomo-muke manga}} and {{Nihongo|'''children's anime'''|子供向けアニメ|kodomo-muke anime}} refer to [[manga]] and [[anime]] directed towards children 12 years and under.<ref name="ANNLexicon">{{cite web | url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/encyclopedia/lexicon.php?id=96 | title=''Kodomo'' | publisher=[[Anime News Network]] | access-date=September 2, 2012}}</ref> These series are usually moralistic, often educating children about staying in the right path in life. Each chapter is usually a self-contained story.
 
==History==
''Kodomo''Manga mangaaimed at children started in the late 19th century with the production of short manga, approximately 15 pages long, printed in magazines. These short manga were created as a part of the [[Meiji period|Meiji]] era's attempt to encourage literacy among Japanese youth. A major milestone in the popularity of anime was the creation of ''[[Astro Boy]]'' by [[Osamu Tezuka]], who is often considered the father of anime.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Zagzoug|first1=Marwah|title=The History of Anime & Manga|url=http://novaonline.nvcc.edu/eli/evans/his135/events/anime62/anime62.html|website=nova online|publisher=C.T. Evans|access-date=March 2, 2015}}</ref>
 
''Kodomo'' anime and manga can be divided into four categories. The first category consists of anime and manga adaptations of Western stories, such as ''[[World Masterpiece Theater]]''. Most of them are [[Television|TV]] series. Despite being popular, they are less representative of traditional Japanese anime. Instead, they are modeled after classical [[Disney|American]] or [[Soyuzmultfilm|Soviet]] cartoons.▼
 
The second category consists of adaptations of Japanese media and original works. They use linguistic gags, contain references to [[Japanese society]], and may be harder to understand for [[Gaijin|non-Japanese]] audiences. They are in some ways similar to [[American animation]]. An example is ''[[Doraemon]]''.
 
▲Children''Kodomo''s anime and manga can be divided into four categories. The first category consists of anime and manga adaptations of Western stories, such as ''[[World Masterpiece Theater]]''. Most of them are [[Television|TV]] series. Despite being popular, they are less representative of traditional Japanese anime. Instead, they are modeled after classical American or Soviet cartoons. The second category consists of adaptations of Japanese media and original works. They use linguistic gags, contain references to [[Disney|AmericanJapanese society]], orand may be harder to understand for [[SoyuzmultfilmGaijin|Sovietnon-Japanese]] cartoonsaudiences. They are in some ways similar to [[American animation]]. An example is ''[[Doraemon]]''.
The third category, known as {{nihongo||女児向け|joji-muke}}<ref name="asahi1">{{cite news|url=https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASL3N1497L3MPTFC02B.html|script-title=ja:女児向け特撮「ミラちゅー」心つかむ　三池崇史監督起用|date=2018-03-22|work=[[Asahi Shimbun]]|access-date=2018-11-15|language=ja}}</ref> consists of manga and anime aimed towards young girls, such as ''[[Hello Kitty]]''. The fourth category, which is closer to ''shōnen'', has connections with popular [[video game]] and [[Collectible|toy]] franchises, and has the greatest commercial success.<ref name="Vse ob anime">{{cite web |url=http://vseobanime.com/istoriya-anime/10-3-kodomo-anime.html |language=ru |title=10.3 — Кодомо-аниме |url-status=dead |access-date=February 27, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140910200417/http://vseobanime.com/istoriya-anime/10-3-kodomo-anime.html |archive-date=September 10, 2014 }}</ref>
 
The third category, known as {{nihongo||女児向け|joji-muke}},<ref name="asahi1">{{cite news|url=https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASL3N1497L3MPTFC02B.html|script-title=ja:女児向け特撮「ミラちゅー」心つかむ 三池崇史監督起用|date=2018-03-22|work=[[Asahi Shimbun]]|access-date=2018-11-15|language=ja|archive-date=November 22, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122215346/https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASL3N1497L3MPTFC02B.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> consists of manga and anime aimed towards young girls, such as ''[[Hello Kitty]]''. The fourth category, which is closer to ''shōnen'', has connections with popular [[video game]] and toy franchises, and has the greatest commercial success.<ref name="Vse ob anime">{{cite web |url=http://vseobanime.com/istoriya-anime/10-3-kodomo-anime.html |language=ru |title=10.3 — Кодомо-аниме |url-status=dead |access-date=February 27, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140910200417/http://vseobanime.com/istoriya-anime/10-3-kodomo-anime.html |archive-date=September 10, 2014 }}</ref> ''Kodomo'' manga magazines such as ''[[CoroCoro Comic]]'' and ''[[Comic BomBom]]'' primarily target young boys, especially those in elementary school, though some, such as ''[[Pucchigumi]]'', target young girls. Popular ''kodomo'' manga is often adapted into anime and accompanied by a plethora of [[merchandise]].
 
==Awards==
The annual [[Shogakukan Manga Award]] and [[Kodansha Manga Award]] each include a category for children's manga.<ref name="ShogakukanAward">{{cite web | url=http://www.shogakukan.co.jp/mangasho/ | title=57th Shogakukan Manga Awards | publisher=[[Shogakukan]] | access-date=September 2, 2012}}</ref><ref name="KodanshaAward">{{cite web | url=http://www.kodansha.co.jp/award/manga.html | title=36th Kodansha Manga Award | publisher=[[Kodansha]] | access-date=September 2, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120102010051/http://www.kodansha.co.jp/award/manga.html | archive-date=January 2, 2012 | url-status=dead }}</ref> The former first included a category for children's manga in 1981.
 
==See also==
* [[Shōnen manga|''Shōnen'' manga]]: Manga intended for teenage boys
* [[Shōjo manga|''Shōjo'' manga]]: Manga intended for teenage girls
* [[Seinen manga|''Seinen'' manga]]: Manga intended for adult men
* [[Josei manga|''Josei'' manga]]: Manga intended for adult women
* [[Myungrang Manhwa|''Myungrang'' manhwa]]: Korean comics intended for children
 
==References==
{{reflist|30em}}
 
==External links==
{{portalbar|Anime and manga}}
 
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