Chondrichthyes: Difference between revisions

**†''[[Delphyodontos]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://people.sju.edu/~egrogan/BearGulch/pages_fish_species/Delphyodontos_dacriformes.html|title=Bear Gulch - Delphyodontos dacriformes|work=Fossil Fishes of Bear Gulch|access-date=2019-05-15|archive-date=25 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150225041927/http://people.sju.edu/~egrogan/BearGulch/pages_fish_species/Delphyodontos_dacriformes.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

**†[[Listracanthidae]]<ref name="mutter2006">{{cite journal | first1 = R.J. | last1 = Mutter | first2 = A.G. | last2 = Neuman | title = An enigmatic chondrichthyan with Paleozoic affinities from the Lower Triassic of western Canada | journal = Acta Palaeontologica Polonica | volume = 51 | issue = 2 | pages = 271–282 | url = https://www.app.pan.pl/article/item/app51-271.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Fossilworks: Acanthorhachis|url=httphttps://www.fossilworkspaleobiodb.org/cgi-binclassic/bridge.plcheckTaxonInfo?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=289828|access-date=17 December 2021|website=fossilworks.org}}</ref>

** †[[Mcmurdodontidae]]<ref>{{Citation |lastlast1=Long |firstfirst1=John |title=Fossil chondrichthyan remains from the Middle Devonian Kevington Creek Formation, South Blue Range, Victoria |date=2021-10-28 |url=https://researchnow-admin.flinders.edu.au/ws/portalfiles/portal/48435020/Long_et_al_2021_MId_dev_sharks_Victoria_JOHN_MAISEY_VOLUME.pdf|work=Ancient Fishes and their Living Relatives |pages=239–245 |editor-last=Pradel |editor-first=Alan |access-date=2023-11-30 |place=Munich, Germany |publisher=Verlag, Dr Friedrich Pfeil |isbn=978-3-89937-269-4 |last2=Thomson |first2=Victoria |last3=Burrow |first3=Carole |last4=Turner |first4=Susan |editor2-last=Denton |editor2-first=John S.S. |editor3-last=Janvier |editor3-first=Philippe}}</ref>

'''Chondrichthyes''' ({{IPAc-en|k|ɒ|n|ˈ|d|r|ɪ|k|θ|i|.|iː|z}}; {{etymology|grc|''{{wiktWikt-lang|grc|χόνδρος}}'' (khóndros{{grc-transl|χόνδρος}})|cartilage||''{{wiktWikt-lang|grc|ἰχθύς}}'' (ikhthús{{grc-transl|ἰχθύς}})|fish}}) is a [[class (biology)|class]] of [[jawed fish]] that contains the '''cartilaginous fish''' or '''chondrichthyianschondrichthyans''', which all have [[skeleton]]s primarily composed of [[cartilage]]. They can be contrasted with the [[Osteichthyes]] or ''bony fish'', which have skeletons primarily composed of [[bone tissue]]. Chondrichthyes are [[aquatic animal|aquatic]] [[vertebrate]]s with [[paired fins]], paired [[nare]]s, [[placoid scale]]s, [[conus arteriosus]] in the [[heart]], and a lack of [[operculum (fish)|opeculaopercula]] and [[swim bladder]]s. Within the infraphylum [[Gnathostomata]], cartilaginous fishes are distinct from all other jawed vertebrates.

The class is divided into two subclasses: [[Elasmobranchii]] ([[shark]]s, [[Batoidea|ray]]s, [[skate (fish)|skate]]s and [[sawfish]]) and [[Holocephali]] ([[chimaera]]s, sometimes called ghost sharks, which are sometimes separated into their own class). Extant Chondrichthyeschondrichthyans range in size from the {{cvt|10|cm}} [[finless sleeper ray]] to the over {{cvt|10|m}} [[whale shark]].

| align=center | [[Petalodontiformes|Petalodonts]]

| align=center | [[Symmoriidae|Symmoriids]]

| align=center | [[Eugeneodontida|Eugeneodonts]]

| align=center | [[Xenacanthida|Xenacanths]]

| align=center | [[Ctenacanthiformes|Ctenacanths]]

| align=center | [[Hybodontiformes|Hybodonts]]