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Rorik was granted the right to rule [[Kennemerland]] in 862.<ref name=":02" />
The 880 [[Treaty of Ribemont]] added the Kingdom of Lotharingia (which included the [[Low Countries]]) to [[East Francia]], which attempted to integrate it. However, there were no connections like those between the four German [[Stem duchy|stem duchies]] of east Francia: [[Duchy of Franconia|Franconia]], the [[Duchy of Saxony|Saxony]], the [[Duchy of Bavaria|Bavaria]] and the [[Duchy of Swabia|Swabia]]. Lotharingia had considerable [[self-determination]]; this became clear when [[Louis the Child]], East Francia's last [[Carolingian dynasty|Carolingian]], died in 911. Although the stem duchies flocked to Duke [[Conrad I of Germany|Conrad I of Franconia]], Lotharingia chose the Carolingian king of [[West Francia]], [[Charles the Simple]].
[[File:Rorik by H. W. Koekkoek.jpg|thumb|left|alt=A bearded older man, dressed for battle|Rorik of Dorestad in a 1912 illustration by [[Hermanus Willem Koekkoek]]]]
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