Content deleted Content added
→Celtic: added the overdot characters that are undergoing lenition from older orthography/Cló Gaelach |
Billjones94 (talk | contribs) No edit summary Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit Advanced mobile edit |
||
| (One intermediate revision by one other user not shown) | |||
Line 21:
* accents (so called because the acute, grave, and circumflex were originally used to indicate different types of [[pitch accent]]s in the [[polytonic transcription]] of [[Greek language|Greek]])
<!-- This list uses <span style="font-family: serif"> because of rendering limitation in Android (as of v13), that its default sans font fails to render "dotted circle + diacritic", so visitors just get a meaningless (to most) [X] mark. Please retain at least until the issue is resolved because this is a very large proportion of visitors. -->
** <span style="font-family: serif">{{char|◌́}}</span> – [[acute accent|acute]] ({{
** <span style="font-family: serif">{{char|◌̀}}</span> – [[grave accent|grave]]; for example {{char|ò}}
** <span style="font-family: serif">{{char|◌̂}}</span> – [[circumflex accent|circumflex]]; for example {{char|ô}}
Line 60:
** <span style="font-family: serif">{{char|◌̒}}</span> – [[inverted apostrophe]]
** <span style="font-family: serif">{{char|◌̔}}</span> – [[reversed apostrophe]]
** <span style="font-family: serif">{{char|◌̉}}</span> – [[hook above]] ({{
** <span style="font-family: serif">{{char|◌̛}}</span> – [[horn (diacritic)|horn]] ({{
* subscript curls
** <span style="font-family: serif">{{char|◌̦}}</span> – [[comma#Diacritical usage|undercomma]]; for example {{char|ș}}
Line 114:
These diacritics are used in addition to the acute, grave, and circumflex accents and the diaeresis:
* <span style="font-family: serif">{{char|◌ͺ}}</span> – [[iota subscript]] ({{lang|grc|ᾳ, εͅ, ῃ, ιͅ, οͅ, υͅ, ῳ}})
* <span style="font-family: serif">{{char|῾◌}}</span> – [[rough breathing]] ({{
* <span style="font-family: serif">{{char|᾿◌}}</span> – [[smooth breathing|smooth (or soft) breathing]] ({{
===Hebrew===
Line 218:
====Germanic====
:* [[German orthography|German]] uses the [[two dots (diacritic)|two-dots diacritic]] ({{
:* [[Dutch orthography|Dutch]] uses acute, circumflex, grave and two-dots diacritics with most vowels and cedilla with c, as in French. This results in {{angbr|[[á]]}}, {{angbr|[[à]]}}, {{angbr|[[ä]]}}, {{angbr|[[é]]}}, {{angbr|[[è]]}}, {{angbr|[[ê]]}}, {{angbr|[[ë]]}}, {{angbr|[[í]]}}, {{angbr|[[î]]}}, {{angbr|[[ï]]}}, {{angbr|[[ó]]}}, {{angbr|[[ô]]}}, {{angbr|[[ö]]}}, {{angbr|[[ú]]}}, {{angbr|[[û]]}}, {{angbr|[[ü]]}} and {{angbr|[[ç]]}}. This is mostly on words (and names) originating from French (like ''crème, café, gêne, façade''). The acute accent is also used to stress the vowel (like ''één''). The two-dots diacritic is used as a linguistic diaeresis (a [[vowel hiatus]]) that splits the two vowels, e.g., ''reële, reünie, coördinatie''), rather than to indicate a linguistic {{lang|de|umlaut}} as used in German.
:* [[Afrikaans alphabet|Afrikaans]] uses 16 additional vowel forms, both uppercase and lowercase: {{angbr|[[á]]}}, {{angbr|[[ä]]}}, {{angbr|[[é]]}}, {{angbr|[[è]]}}, {{angbr|[[ê]]}}, {{angbr|[[ë]]}}, {{angbr|[[í]]}}, {{angbr|[[î]]}}, {{angbr|[[ï]]}}, {{angbr|[[ó]]}}, {{angbr|[[ô]]}}, {{angbr|[[ö]]}}, {{angbr|[[ú]]}}, {{angbr|[[û]]}}, {{angbr|[[ü]]}}, {{angbr|[[ý]]}}. <!-- The precomposed digraph ʼn is not a letter and its use is deprecated. -->
Line 302:
* [[Filipino alphabet|Filipino]] has the following composite characters: ''á, à, â, é, è, ê, í, ì, î, ó, ò, ô, ú, ù, û''. Everyday use of diacritics for Filipino is, however, uncommon, and meant only to distinguish between [[homonym]]s between a word with the usual [[penult]]imate stress and one with a different stress placement. This aids both comprehension and pronunciation if both are relatively adjacent in a text, or if a word is itself ambiguous in meaning. The letter ''ñ'' ("''eñe''") is not a ''n'' with a diacritic, but rather collated as a separate letter, one of eight borrowed from Spanish. Diacritics appear in [[Spanish language in the Philippines|Spanish]] [[List of loanwords in Tagalog#Spanish|loanwords]] and [[Filipino name|names]] observing Spanish orthography rules.
* [[Finnish alphabet|Finnish]]. Carons in ''š'' and ''ž'' appear only in foreign proper names and [[loanword]]s, but may be substituted with ''sh'' or ''zh'' if and only if it is technically impossible to produce accented letters in the medium. Contrary to Estonian, ''š'' and ''ž'' are not considered distinct letters in Finnish.
* [[French alphabet|French]] uses five diacritics. The grave (''accent grave'') marks the sound {{IPA|/ɛ/}} when over an e, as in ''père'' ("father") or is used to distinguish words that are otherwise homographs such as ''a''/''à'' ("has"/"to") or ''ou''/''où'' ("or"/"where"). The [[acute accent|acute]] (''accent aigu'') is only used in "é", modifying the "e" to make the sound {{IPA|/e/}}, as in ''étoile'' ("star"). The [[circumflex]] (''accent circonflexe'') generally denotes that an S once followed the vowel in Old French or Latin, as in ''fête'' ("party"), the Old French being ''feste'' and the Latin being ''festum''. Whether the circumflex modifies the vowel's pronunciation depends on the dialect and the vowel. The [[cedilla]] (''cédille'') indicates that a normally hard "c" (before the vowels "a", "o", and "u") is to be pronounced {{IPA|/s/}}, as in ''ça'' ("that"). The diaeresis diacritic ({{
* [[Galician language|Galician]] vowels can bear an acute (''á, é, í, ó, ú'') to indicate stress or difference between two otherwise same written words (''é'', 'is' vs. ''e'', 'and'), but the diaeresis is only used with ''ï'' and ''ü'' to show two separate vowel sounds in pronunciation. Only in foreign words may Galician use other diacritics such as ''ç'' (common during the Middle Ages), ''ê'', or ''à''.
* [[German alphabet|German]] uses the three umlauted characters ''ä'', ''ö'' and ''ü''. These diacritics indicate vowel changes. For instance, the word ''Ofen'' {{IPA|de|ˈoːfən|}} "oven" has the plural ''Öfen'' {{IPA|[ˈøːfən]}}. The mark originated as a superscript ''e''; a handwritten blackletter ''e'' resembles two parallel vertical lines, like a diaeresis. Due to this history, "ä", "ö" and "ü" can be written as "ae", "oe" and "ue" respectively, if the umlaut letters are not available.
Line 349:
{{blockquote|
{{
{{vpad|1=2em}}
}}
Line 621:
==External links==
* [http://urtd.net/projects/cod/ Context of Diacritics
* [http://diacritics.typo.cz/ Diacritics Project]
* [https://www.unicode.org/ Unicode]
| |||