Wikipedia

Diademed sandpiper-plover: Difference between revisions

Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Monkbot (talk | contribs)
Bots
3,119,824 edits
m Task 19: convert/update IUCN references to {{cite iucn}} using data from IUCN Red List API; IUCN status confirmed; IUCN status ref updated; (2/00:03.63);
 
(6 intermediate revisions by 6 users not shown)
Line 1:
{{short description|Species of bird}}
{{Use American English|date=December 2022}}
 
{{speciesbox
| image = Diademed Sandpiper-plover.jpg
| status = NT
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 11 November 2021"IUCN>{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Diademed Plover ''Phegornis mitchellii'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T22693931A93430667 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22693931A93430667.en |access-date=116 NovemberDecember 20212022}}</ref>
| genus = Phegornis
| parent_authority = [[George Robert Gray|G.R. Gray, GR]], 18461847
| species = mitchellii
| authority = ([[Louis Fraser|Fraser]], 1845)
| range_map = Phegornis mitchellii map.svg
}}
 
The '''diademed sandpiper-plover''' or '''diademed plover''' ('''''Phegornis mitchellii''''') is a [[Near-threatened|Near Threatened]] species of [[bird]] in subfamily [[Charadriinae]] of family [[Charadriidae]]. It is found in [[Argentina]], [[Bolivia]], [[Chile]], and [[Peru]].<ref name=IOC12.2>{{cite web |url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/buttonquail/ |title=Buttonquail, thick-knees, sheathbills, plovers, oystercatchers, stilts, painted-snipes, jacanas, Plains-wanderer, seedsnipes |website=IOC World Bird List |version =v 12.2 |editor-last1=Gill |editor-first1= F. |editor-last2=Donsker|editor-first2=D.|editor-last3=Rasmussen |editor-first3=P. |date=August 2022 |access-date=August 9, 2022 }}</ref><ref name=HBW6b>HBW and BirdLife International (2022) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 6b. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v6b_Jul22.zip retrieved December 5, 2022</ref><ref name=IUCN/>
The '''diademed sandpiper-plover''' or '''diademed plover''' (''Phegornis mitchellii'') is a species of [[bird]] in the plover family [[Charadriidae]]. It is [[monotypic]] within the genus '''''Phegornis'''''.<ref name = "ITIS">
 
{{ cite web| url = https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=176554| title = ITIS Report: ''Phegornis''| access-date = 8 August 2014| publisher = [[Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]}}</ref> The relationship of this species to other plovers is uncertain, a 2010 study suggested it may be related to the [[Dotterel (disambiguation)|Australian dotterels]].<ref name="HBW" >Wiersma, P., Kirwan, G.M. & de Juana, E. (2017). Diademed Plover (''Phegornis mitchellii''). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from http://www.hbw.com/node/53857 on 3 March 2017).</ref>
==Taxonomy and systematics==
 
The diademed sandpiper-plover is the only member of its genus and has no subspecies.<ref name=IOC12.2/> The species has at times been thought to belong to family [[Scolopacidae]] (the sandpipers) but genetic data place it firmly with other plovers in family Charadriidae. It appears to be most closely related to several Australian and New Zealand plovers of genera [[Elseyornis]], [[Peltohyas]], [[Anarhynchus]], and [[Pedionomus]].<ref name=SACClist>Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 24 July 2022. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved July 24, 2022</ref><ref name=DISP-BOW>Sayers II, C. J. (2020). Diademed Sandpiper-Plover (''Phegornis mitchellii''), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (S. M. Billerman, B. K. Keeney, P. G. Rodewald, and T. S. Schulenberg, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.diaplo1.01 retrieved December 6, 2022</ref>
 
==Description==
 
The diademed sandpiper-plover is {{convert|16.5|to|19|cm|abbr=on}} long and weighs {{convert|28|to|46|g|sigfig=2|abbr=on}}. The sexes are alike. Their bill is black and slightly decurved. Their legs and feet are orange. The adult's face is black with a wide white [[supercilium]] than extends around the back of the head. Their crown is black, their nape bright rufous, most of their upperparts dark brownish gray, and their rump and uppertail [[Covert feather|coverts]] are black. The tail is black with white tips to the feathers. Their throat is white, their chest, belly, and flanks are barred black and white, and their vent and undertail coverts are unmarked white. Juveniles are much duller than adults. Their upperparts are mostly brownish gray with cinnamon speckles and bars. Their supercilium is grayish and their nape is washed with cinnamon or rufous.<ref name=DISP-BOW/>
 
==Distribution and habitat==
 
The diademed sandpiper-plover is found in the Andes from central Peru's [[Department of Junín]] south through western Bolivia to central Chile and south-central Argentina.<ref name=IOC12.2/><ref name=DISP-BOW/> It is a habitat specialist found almost entirely in peatlands and bogs between the [[frost line]] and [[snow line]]. The habitat is "characterized by a network of grassy banks interspersed with long streams and vernal pools". In elevation it ranges between {{convert|4100|and|5000|m|ft|abbr=on}} in Peru though in the southern part of its range it is found as low as {{convert|2000|m|ft|abbr=on}}.<ref name=DISP-BOW/>
 
==Behavior==
 
The diademed sandpiper-plover is almost always seen alone or in pairs. It is not known if this is true social monogamy, territoriality, a function of its sparse population, or because of lack of enough study.<ref name=DISP-BOW/>
 
===Migration===
 
The diademed sandpiper-plover is an elevational migrant in the southern part of its range. Those nesting in the highest areas move to lower ones in March and return in October. The southernmost population is thought to be at least partially north–south migratory as well.<ref name=DISP-BOW/>
 
===Feeding===
 
The diademed sandpiper-plover typically forages alone or in pairs, probing in wet ground or in shallow water and picking prey from the water surface and aquatic plants. Its diet has not been detailed but is known to be mostly aquatic invertebrates.<ref name=DISP-BOW/>
 
===Breeding===
 
The diademed sandpiper-plover's egg period is from October to December in Chile and extends into January in Bolivia. Its nest is a hollow in the ground or a platform of dried grass. All documented clutches were of two eggs. The incubation period and time to fledging are not known.<ref name=DISP-BOW/>
 
{{birdsong|url=https://xeno-canto.org/species/Phegornis-mitchellii |species=diademed sandpiper-plover}}
 
===Vocalization===
The species is found in the [[Puna grassland]] [[ecoregion]]s of the Andes Mountains from Argentina and Chile, through Bolivia to Peru. In this [[habitat]] it prefers mossy tundra, high-altitude [[grassland]], bogs and [[swamp]]s. It is an altitudinal [[bird migration|migrant]], breeding between {{convert|3500|–|5000|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea-level, but wintering at {{convert|2000|m|ft|abbr=on}}.<ref name="HBW" />
 
A diademed sandpiper-plover call given while foraging and in flight is "a clipped ''pic'' or ''pic-pic''". What are thought to be alarm calls are "a plaintive, slightly drawn-out ''wheehu'', a less plaintive, fairly sharp ''whee-u!'', and a surprisingly loud screamed whistle, ''whEEHU!''."<ref name=DISP-BOW/>
The diademed sand-piper-plover is a small compact plover, {{convert|16.5|–|19|cm|abbr=on}} in length and weighing {{convert|28|-|46|g|abbr=on}}. It has a black head with a white stripe above the eye meeting at the crown, a chestnut neck, a white throat and chest barred in black, and grey upperparts. The wings are short and the flight undulating. The sexes are alike and the juvenile has a grey head, less distinct barring on the front and brown upperparts.<ref name="HBW" />
 
==Status==
They breed in the summer months, laying two eggs, olive-grey with black spots, in a circular nest of grasses. The downy chicks are dark brown, marbled with black above and lighter below.<ref name="HBW" />
 
The [[IUCN]] has assessed the diademed sandpiper-plover as Near Threatened. It has a moderately large range but its estimated population of 1500 to 7000 mature individuals is believed to be decreasing. Though its habitat is thought to be relatively secure, " demand for water resources as well as overgrazing, road networks and human disturbance have been identified as threats".<ref name=IUCN/> In addition, "[t]he unique peatlands ecosystem of the high Andes is projected to be severely reduced as a result of climate change" with up to 75% expected to be lost by about the year 2100.<ref name=DISP-BOW/>
The species is poorly known and uncommon, and rarely recorded. While its habitat is thought to be secure, it is possible that [[overgrazing]] is a threat.<ref name="HBW" />
 
==References==
Line 26 ⟶ 58:
 
==External links==
*[http://ibc.hbw.com/ibc/phtml/especie.phtml?idEspecie=1480 "Diademed plover"-''Phegornis mitchellii'' videos] on the Internet Bird Collection
*[http://vireo.acnatsci.org/search.html?Form=Search&SEARCHBY=Common&KEYWORDS=diademed+sandpiper-plover&showwhat=images&AGE=All&SEX=All&ACT=All&Search=Search&VIEW=All&ORIENTATION=All&RESULTS=24 Diademed sandpiper-plover photo gallery] VIREO (with picture of egg [[Clutch (eggs)|clutch]])
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070926231714/http://borderland-tours.com/v2/images/stories/borderland/photo/diadamed_sand_plover.jpg Photo-High Res] Borderland-tours
 
{{Charadriiformes|C.|state=collapsed}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1273063}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:sandpiper-plover, diademed}}
[[Category:Charadriinae|diademed sandpiper-plover]]
[[Category:Birds of the Puna grassland]]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diademed_sandpiper-plover"