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{{Short description|Indian philosopher}}{{Infobox philosopher
| region = [[philosophy]]
| era = [[Contemporary philosophy]]
| image = Divya Dwivedi.jpg
| caption = Dwivedi speaking at the [[India International Centre]], New Delhi
| name = Divya Dwivedi
| alma_mater = [[Lady Shri Ram College]] (BA)<br /> [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi]] (MA)<br /> [[Delhi University]] (M.Phil)<br /> [[IIT Delhi]] (PhD)
| institutions = [[IIT Delhi|Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi]]<br />[[Delhi University]]<br />[[St. Stephen's College, Delhi]]
| school_tradition = [[Continental philosophy]]<br>[[Deconstruction]] ([[Post-Metaphysics]])<ref>[https://www.bloomsbury.com/author/divya-dwivedi/ ]</ref>
| main_interests = [[OntologyPhilosophy of literature]], [[philosophy of literatureaesthetics]], [[Philosophy of psychology|philosophy of politicspsychoanalysis]], [[narratology]], [[Anastasis]]critical philosophy of caste and race, [[alternativePractices and beliefs of Mahatma Gandhi|political thought of traditionsGandhi]]
| notable_works = ''[[Gandhi and Philosophy: On Theological Anti-politics]]''
| notable_ideas = [[Hypophysics]], [[Anastasis]], [[Functional isolation]], [[transitivity]], [[polynomia]], [[Comprehending law]] <ref>[https://thewire.in/books/gandhi-and-philosophy-book-review ]</ref>
| influences =}}
| influences = [[Plato]], [[Immanuel Kant]], [[Martin Heidegger]], [[M. K. Gandhi]], [[Jean-Luc Nancy]], [[Ludwig Wittgenstein]], [[Hannah Arendt]], [[Jacques Derrida]], [[Bernard Stiegler]], [[O. V. Vijayan]]
}}
 
'''Divya Dwivedi''' is an Indian [[philosopher]]<ref name="elle.in">{{Cite web|title=#ELLEVoices: Divya Dwivedi On How She Is #ImaginingTheWorldToBe|url=https://elle.in/article/voices-divya-dwivedi/|access-date=2021-01-14|website=Elle India|language=en-US}}</ref> and author. She is an associate professor at the [[Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi]]. Her work includes a focus on [[philosophy of literature]], [[aesthetics]], [[Philosophy of psychology|philosophy of psychoanalysis]], [[narratology]], revolutionary theory,<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Dwivedi |first1=Divya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gVwBEQAAQBAJ&q=%E2%80%9Ctheory+of+revolution%E2%80%9D&pg=PT4 |title=Indian Philosophy, Indian Revolution: On Caste and Politics |last2=Mohan |first2=Shaj |date=2024-04-11 |publisher=Hurst Publishers |isbn=978-1-80526-174-2 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3" /> critical philosophy of caste and race, and the [[Practices and beliefs of Mahatma Gandhi|political thought of Gandhi]].<ref name=":0" /> She is the co-author of ''[[Gandhi and Philosophy: On Theological Anti-politics]]'' and ''Indian Philosophy, Indian Revolution: On Caste and Politics.''
 
==Early life and education ==
'''Divya Dwivedi''' is a [[philosopher]] based in the [[subcontinent|subcontinent]] <ref>[https://www.bloomsbury.com/author/divya-dwivedi/ ]</ref>. She teaches at the [[Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi]]. Her writings and lectures deal with the resurrection of philosophy, and the specificity of [[literature]] and [[politics]]. As a narratologist she researches the specificities of narrative systems. One of the concerns in her writings has been the state of politics in [[India]] <ref>[https://thewire.in/author/divya-dwivedi-and-shaj-mohan]</ref>.
 
Dwivedi is originally from [[Allahabad]].<ref name="Chandran 2019"/><ref name="Varagur 2020">{{cite news |last1=Varagur |first1=Krithika |date=8 January 2020 |title=Hindutva and the Academy: A Conversation with Divya Dwivedi |language=en |work=[[Los Angeles Review of Books]] |url=https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/hindutva-and-the-academy-a-conversation-with-divya-dwivedi/ |access-date=18 November 2023}}</ref> Her mother is Sunitha Dwivedi and her father, Rakesh Dwivedi, practices as a senior lawyer for the [[Supreme Court of India]].<ref name="Chandran 2019">{{cite news|author=Chandran, Cynthia|title=New book rubbishes BJP aim to assimilate Gandhi|work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|date=11 February 2019|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/110219/new-book-rubbishes-bjp-aim-to-assimilate-gandhi.html|access-date=22 December 2019}}</ref><ref name="Varagur 2020"/> Dwivedi's paternal grandfather, S. N. Dwivedi was a judge at the [[Supreme Court of India]], and her maternal grandfather [[Raj Mangal Pande]] was a minister in the union government of India.<ref name="Raveendran 2022">{{cite news |last1=Raveendran |first1=NK |date=15 November 2022 |title=Two philosophers and a political theorist: An allegory of Indian public sphere |language=en |work=[[Mathrubhumi|English.Mathrubhumi]] |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/features/specials/two-philosophers-and-a-political-theorist-an-allegory-of-indian-public-sphere-1.8048901 |access-date=18 November 2023}}</ref>
==Biography==
Divya Dwivedi completed her [[Bachelors]] degree from [[Lady Shri Ram College]] Delhi and her [[Masters]] from [[St. Stephen's College]] Delhi where she taught for brief period. She has a [[doctoral degree]] from [[Indian Institute of Technology]] Delhi on ontology of the literary <ref>[http://hss.iitd.ac.in/faculty/divya-dwivedi]</ref>. She has co-authored the book ''Gandhi and Philosophy: On Theological Anti-politics'' published by [[Bloomsbury]] Academic <ref>[https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/gandhi-and-philosophy-9781474221719/]</ref> with the philosopher Shaj Mohan. [[Jean-Luc Nancy]] wrote the foreword to ''Gandhi and Philosophy''. Nancy described the originality of the contributions in terms of the relation revealed by her between [[truth]] and suffering, and a new path for philosophy beyond [[humanism]], [[metaphysics]], and hypophysics <ref>[https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/gandhi-and-philosophy-9781474221719/]</ref>.
 
She received her [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree from [[Lady Shri Ram College]], Delhi and her [[Master's degree]] from [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi|St. Stephen's College]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://hss.iitd.ac.in/faculty/divya-dwivedi|title=Divya Dwivedi &#124; Humanities & Social Sciences|website=hss.iitd.ac.in}}</ref> She pursued her [[Master of Philosophy|M.Phil]] from [[University of Delhi]] and received her [[doctorate]] from [[Indian Institute of Technology Delhi|Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi]].<ref name=":0" /> The works of [[Jean-Luc Nancy]] were an influence during her university education.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The proletariat are all those who are denied the collective faculty of imagination; Divya Dwivedi tells ILNA|url=https://www.ilna.news/Section-world-8/907722-the-proletariat-are-all-those-who-are-denied-the-collective-faculty-of-imagination-divya-dwivedi-tells-ilna|access-date=2020-05-17|website=ILNA|language=en}}</ref>
== Works ==
==''Gandhi and Philosophy: On Theological Anti-politics''==
''Gandhi and Philosophy'' is a philosophical study of [[M. K. Gandhi]]'s writings which leads to a path beyond the theological and nihilistic directions in philosophy. Bernard Stiegler has commented that this work shows the limits of nihilism in our eschatological contemporaneity and a new path. Dwivedi and Mohan call this path ''the anastasis of philosophy''<ref>[https://thewire.in/books/gandhi-and-philosophy-book-review]</ref>. This book brings attention to the parallel tendency to metaphysics in philosophy which is hypophysics. Hypophysics is defined as "a conception of nature as value". The distance from [[nature]] that human beings and things come to have through the work of [[technology]] lessens their value, or brings them closer to [[evil]]. The path beyond metaphysics and hypophysics is created through the invention of a new conceptual order which allows philosophy to step outside the regime of [[sign]], [[signifier]], and [[text]]. The inventiveness and the [[constructivism]] of this work has been noted by [[Robert Bernasconi]] as "re-inventing language"<ref>[[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KZwd_Gl-aN0&t=2s]]</ref>. In The Book Review, Tankha too confirms the creative philosophical project of the book saying that "the authors, in engaging with Gandhi’s thought, create their categories, at once descriptive and evaluative" while pointing to the difficulty entailed by the rigour of a "A seminal if difficult read for those with an appetite for philosophy"<ref>[http://thebookreviewindia.org/philosophizing-gandhi/]</ref>. The conceptual inventions have been noted to have come from mathematics and biology.
{{quote|"The authors invent new formal concepts out of the sciences and mathematics. They engage closely and argumentatively with important thinkers including the biologist [[Jacques Monod]], philosopher [[Foucault]], mathematician [[Hermann Weyl]], anthropologist [[Pierre Clastres]] and the burlesque artist [[Dita Von Teese]]."<ref>[https://thewire.in/books/gandhi-and-philosophy-book-review]</ref>}}
The constructionist tendency of this book places it between the dominant philosophical traditions and styles such as [[continental philosophy]] and [[analytical philosophy]]. In an interview conducted by [[Adèle Van Reeth]] for [[France Culture]] at the [[UNESCO]] head quarters Dwivedi stated that one must not recognize tradition as an adjective of philosophical practice<ref>[https://www.franceculture.fr/emissions/les-chemins-de-la-philosophie/philosopher-en-inde]</ref>. The conclusion of ''Gandhi and Philosophy'' emphasizes the construction of a new dimension in philosophy. {{quote|"Anastasis is the obscure beginning which would gather the [[occidental]] and the [[oriental]] in order to make of them a chrysalis and set off the imagos born with their own spans and skies; these skies and the imagos set against them will refuse to trade in orientations; and these skies will be invisible to the departed souls of [[Hegel]] who sought mercury in the darkest nights."<ref>[https://books.google.co.in/books?id=4sB2DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA217&lpg=PA217&dq=%22Gandhi+and+philosophy%22+%22the+obscure+beginning+which+would%22&source=bl&ots=0T7HDAlrHB&sig=ACfU3U3rByL0CNb2wW4tqLrBKTVTfDhoLg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi1mKaSyqfjAhXH7HMBHStOBm0Q6AEwAHoECAAQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22Gandhi%20and%20philosophy%22%20%22the%20obscure%20beginning%20which%20would%22&f=false]</ref>}}
 
==Other WorksCareer ==
Dwivedi has taught as an assistant professor at [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi]], and has been adjunct faculty in the English Department at [[Delhi University]] and is an associate professor at Department of Humanities & Social Sciences, [[IIT Delhi]].<ref name=":0" /> She teaches in the areas of philosophy and literature.<ref name=":0" /> She was a [[visiting scholar]] at Centre for Fictionality Studies, [[Aarhus University]] in 2013 and 2014.<ref name=":0" />
Dwivedi, in this book and elsewhere, has taken a consistent stand against [[postcolonial theory]] and [[subaltern studies]]. In an interview given to [[MediaPart]] she said that postcolonial theory and Hindu nationalism are two versions of the same theory, and that they are both upper [[caste]] political projects<ref>[https://www.mediapart.fr/en/journal/international/270518/hindu-nationalism-and-why-being-philosopher-india-can-get-you-killed]</ref>. Dwivedi noted that in the field of [[feminism]] postcolonial theory remains an upper caste theory which has been preventing lower caste feminists from opening their own currents in the context of the [[Me too movement]]<ref>[https://www.firstpost.com/india/amid-changing-nature-of-sex-as-an-activity-debates-over-raya-sarkars-list-represent-post-colonial-binaries-4194227.html]</ref>. Dwivedi wrote in the introduction to a special issue of the journal ''La Revue des Femmes-Philosophers'' edited by her that postcolonial theory is continuous with Hindu nationalism. {{quote|"Together, postcolonialism and subaltern theory have established the paradigm of research in humanities and social sciences—in India and abroad—over the past four decades. “Eurocentrism”, “historicisation”, and “postcolonialism” are also the operative terms through which the Hindu nationalist discourse conserves the caste order."<ref>[http://www.unesco.org/new/en/social-and-human-sciences/resources/periodicals/women-philosophers-journal/issue-n-4-5/]</ref>}}
Dwivedi Dwivedi has edited anthologies addressing political issues. The volume titled ''The Public Sphere: From Outside the West''<ref>[https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/the-public-sphere-from-outside-the-west-9781350028340/]</ref> tackled the radical transformation of the public sphere and cultural landscapes through new technologies and political forms such as populism.
 
The journal ''Episteme'', produced by [[Rutgers University]], published a special issue on the work of Dwivedi and Shaj Mohan in 2021,<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Philosophy for Another Time; Towards a Collective Political Imagination|url=http://positionspolitics.org/episteme-4/|access-date=2021-03-11|website=positions politics|language=en-US}}</ref> including articles by [[Robert Bernasconi]]<ref name="Bernasconi 2021">{{cite journal |last1=Bernasconi |first1=Robert |author1-link=Robert Bernasconi |title=Welcoming Divya Dwivedi and Shaj Mohan's Gandhi and Philosophy |journal=Episteme |date=February 2021 |issue=4 |url=https://positionspolitics.org/welcoming-divya-dwivedi-and-shaj-mohans-gandhi-and-philosophy/ |access-date=16 November 2023}}</ref> and [[Marguerite La Caze]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=La Caze |first1=Marguerite |author1-link=Marguerite La Caze |title=Cocktails more lethal than Molotovs: Freedom, Indestinacy, and Responsibility in Gandhi and Philosophy |journal=Episteme |date=February 2021 |issue=4 |url=https://positionspolitics.org/cocktails-more-lethal-than-molotovs/ |access-date=16 November 2023}}</ref>
 
She is a member of the ''Theory Committee'' of the [[International Comparative Literature Association]] along with [[Robert J. C. Young]], [[:de:Stefan Willer|Stefan Willer]] and others.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-07-06|title=Members ICLA Theory|url=https://iclatheory.org/members|website=www.iclatheory.org}}</ref> Dwivedi is a member of the International Network of Women Philosophers.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Interview with Divya Dwivedi – Humanities, Arts and Society|url=https://humanitiesartsandsociety.org/magazine/interview-with-divya-dwivedi/|access-date=2022-02-18|language=en}}</ref> Dwivedi was elected as a member of the executive council of International Society for the Study of Narrative (ISSN) in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Executive Council |url=https://www.thenarrativesociety.org/executive-council |access-date=2023-06-10 |website=The Narrative Society |language=en-US}}</ref>
==External links==
*[https://www.bloomsbury.com/author/divya-dwivedi/] Author page at [[Bloomsbury Publishing]]
*[http://hss.iitd.ac.in/faculty/divya-dwivedi] Faculty page at [[IIT]] Delhi.
*[https://thewire.in/author/divya-dwivedi-and-shaj-mohan] Essays online at [[The Wire]].
*[https://www.mediapart.fr/en/journal/international/270518/hindu-nationalism-and-why-being-philosopher-india-can-get-you-killed] Interview at [[Mediapart]].
*[https://www.franceculture.fr/emissions/les-chemins-de-la-philosophie/philosopher-en-inde] Interview with [[Les Chemins de la philosophie]] available as Podcast.
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KZwd_Gl-aN0&t=2s] Lecture given by [[Robert Bernasconi]] on ''Gandhi and Philosophy''.
*[https://en.unesco.org/events/world-philosophy-day-presentation-2018-issue-women-philosophers-journal] La Revue des Femmes-Philosophers of UNESCO issue edited by Divya Dwivedi available for download.
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tiXdeCNRX8w] Lecture on postcolonial theory and philosophy at the Goethe-Institut Indonesia.
*[https://www.epw.in/author/divya-dwivedi] Publications with [[Economic and Political Weekly]].
{{Continental philosophy}}
{{Authority control}}
 
==Philosophical works and views==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dwivedi, Divya}}
Dwivedi works in the field of the philosophy of literature, the philosophy of psychoanalysis, narratives, the philosophy of criticism, political philosophy, aesthetics, and critical studies on caste and race.<ref name=":0" /> Her philosophical work has been described as [[deconstruction]] and [[continental philosophy]]<ref name="Varagur 2020"/> as well as ''deconstructive materialism''.<ref name="Janardhanan 2021"/> Her philosophical research projects include a focus on [[narratology]],<ref name="Janardhanan 2021"/> and her school of thought has been described by scholars such as [[Étienne Balibar]], [[Slavoj Žižek]], [[Georges Didi-Huberman]] and [[Barbara Cassin]] as developing "within a community of friendship with [[Jean-Luc Nancy]], [[Bernard Stiegler]], [[Achille Mbembe]], and Barbara Cassin."<ref name="Mediapart 2022">{{Cite web |last=[[Mediapart]] |first=Les invités de |title=In support of Divya Dwivedi and Shaj Mohan |url=https://blogs.mediapart.fr/les-invites-de-mediapart/blog/071122/support-divya-dwivedi-and-shaj-mohan |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=[[Mediapart]] |date=7 November 2022 |language=fr}}</ref>
 
In an introduction to the December 2017 ''Women Philosophers' Journal'' guest-edited by Dwivedi, Barbara Cassin wrote Dwivedi belonging to the [[Brahmin]] caste "makes her therefore “untouchable”, in a totally different sense than the [[dalit]]s, the “untouchables”. Untouchable in a very relative sense, for even in the higher castes the woman intellectual is not worth the man intellectual. She is a philosopher and a literary scholar, English is her mother tongue as much as Hindi, and she found herself compelled to reflect on what postcolonial is, what it serves in the subcontinent, and what it is in the name of."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cassin |first1=Barbara |title=Issue N° 4-5: Intellectuals, Philosophers, Women in India: Endangered Species |url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/social-and-human-sciences/resources/periodicals/women-philosophers-journal/issue-n-4-5/ |access-date=28 October 2022 |work=Women Philosophers’ Journal |date=December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722053854/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/social-and-human-sciences/resources/periodicals/women-philosophers-journal/issue-n-4-5/ |archive-date=22 July 2019}}</ref>
 
=== ''Gandhi and Philosophy: On Theological Anti-politics'' ===
{{Main|Gandhi and Philosophy: On Theological Anti-politics}}
In 2018, Dwivedi co-authored ''[[Gandhi and Philosophy: On Theological Anti-politics]]'' with the philosopher [[Shaj Mohan]]. The book examines different aspects of [[Mahatma Gandhi]]'s thought from a new philosophical system.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Philosophy for Another Time; Towards a Collective Political Imagination|url=http://positionspolitics.org/episteme-4/|access-date=2021-03-12|website=positions politics|language=en-US}}</ref> [[Jean-Luc Nancy]] wrote the foreword to ''Gandhi and Philosophy'' and said that it gives a new orientation to philosophy which is neither metaphysics nor hypophysics.<ref name="auto6">{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/933644/what-different-theories-of-philosophy-tell-us-about-gandhis-experiments-with-truth|title=Book Excerpt: What different theories of philosophy tell us about Gandhi's experiments with truth|website=[[Scroll.in]]|date=13 August 2019 }}</ref>
 
''The Book Review'' said that the philosophical project of ''Gandhi and Philosophy'' is to create new evaluative categories, "the authors, in engaging with Gandhi's thought, create their categories, at once descriptive and evaluative" while pointing to the difficulty given by the rigour of a "seminal if difficult read for those with an appetite for philosophy".<ref name="auto3">{{Cite web|url=http://thebookreviewindia.org/philosophizing-gandhi/|title=Philosophizing Gandhi|last=Tankha|first=V|website=The Book Review}}</ref> [[Robert Bernasconi]] writes, "It is a challenging book to read. Familiar words that you think you understand the meaning of are used incongruously and only as you read through the book and come across occurrence after occurrence of these words do you get a new understanding of what that word might now mean. Similarly, they adopt words that seem to be new words, that are certainly new to me, and then slowly as one reads the book one comes to recognise what one can do with language."<ref name="Bernasconi 2021"/> According to J. Reghu in a review for ''The Wire'', the book "often reads like a thriller, but at times it demands careful attention, which is not surprising since it is an original work in philosophy already recognised by some of the important contemporary philosophers such as Nancy, Stiegler and Bernasconi."<ref name="auto7">{{Cite web|url=https://thewire.in/books/gandhi-and-philosophy-book-review|title=Gandhi as Chrysalis for a New Philosophy|website=[[The Wire (Indian web publication)|The Wire]]}}</ref>
 
In a review for ''[[The Hindu]]'', Tridip Suhrud describes the book as "subversive but deeply affectionate" and writes that the authors, "through their doubt affirm Gandhi as a serious philosopher for our times and beyond."<ref name="auto82">{{Cite news |last=Suhrud |first=Tridip |date=2019-08-17 |title='Gandhi and Philosophy – On Theological Anti-Politics' review: Leap of faith |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/books-reviews/gandhi-and-philosophy-on-theological-anti-politics-review-leap-of-faith/article29118506.ece}}</ref> In a review for ''[[The Indian Express]]'', Raj Ayyar stated, "Mohan and Dwivedi have done a masterful job of avoiding the binary fork — hagiography or vituperation — as much of Gandhi and hagiography comes from a need to spiritualise Gandhi".<ref name="ayyar1">{{Cite news|last=Ayyar|first=Raj|title=Bending the binary|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/books/bending-the-binary-gandhi-and-philosophy-5952328}}</ref>{{verify inline|date=December 2023|reason=Speculative fix for undefined reference}} Cynthia Chandran, writing for the ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' noted that the "book reveals a materialist, internationalist Gandhiji who develops the ultimate revolutionary political program".<ref name="Chronicle 2019">{{cite web |last=Chronicle |first=Deccan |date=2019-02-11 |title=New book rubbishes BJP aim to assimilate Gandhi |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/110219/new-book-rubbishes-bjp-aim-to-assimilate-gandhi.html |access-date=2023-12-20 |website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref>
 
===Indian Philosophy, Indian Revolution: On Caste and Politics===
''Indian Philosophy, Indian Revolution: On Caste and Politics'' is a book Divya Dwivedi co-authored with [[Shaj Mohan]], published by [[C. Hurst & Co.|Hurst Publishers]] in the United Kingdom and Westland for India in 2024.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=An Anthology of Anti-Caste Essays and the Question of Who Gets to Kill Whom |url=https://thewire.in/books/an-anthology-of-anti-caste-essays-and-the-question-of-who-gets-to-kill-whom |access-date=2024-05-09 |website=thewire.in}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last1=Dwivedi |first1=Divya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gVwBEQAAQBAJ |title=Indian Philosophy, Indian Revolution: On Caste and Politics |last2=Mohan |first2=Shaj |date=2024-04-11 |publisher=Hurst Publishers |isbn=978-1-80526-174-2 |language=en}}</ref> It was introduced, edited, and annotated with a philosophical [[glossary]] by Maël Montévil who is a theoretical biologist and philosopher of science working at the [[École normale supérieure (Paris)|École normale supérieure, Paris]]. The book is a collection of essays and interviews that deal with topics including the theoretical basis for caste oppression, Hindu nationalism, [[philosophy of history]] and [[revolution]]. Henrik Schedin said in Parabol Magazine that this book radically transforms the way India and Indian politics are understood.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Religion döljer klass i Narendra Modis Indien |url=https://www.parabol.press/religion-doljer-klass-i-narendra-modis-indien/ |access-date=2024-05-09 |website=Parabol |language=sv-SE}}</ref>
 
The review in [[Contemporary Political Theory]] focused on the global implications and the theoretical aspects of Indian Philosophy, Indian Revolution. The complicity of “western academia” in “a new global system of exploitation” is a theme in the book. As per ''Contemporary Political Theory'', “Western academia (not just philosophy) should listen today if it wants to be prepared for tomorrow.”<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Perica |first=Ivana |date=2024-10-03 |title=Indian Philosophy, Indian Revolution: On Caste and Politics |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s41296-024-00727-8 |journal=Contemporary Political Theory |language=en |doi=10.1057/s41296-024-00727-8 |issn=1476-9336}}</ref>
 
Lakshmi Subramanian in her review for [[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]] and other reviewers summarised the political arguments of the book as against “upper caste supremacism” of all kinds.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Subramanian |first=Lakshmi |date=12 July 2024 |title=A courageous scrutiny |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/amp/culture/books/a-courageous-scrutiny-this-collection-of-essays-short-pieces-and-interviews-is-an-exercise-in-exemplary-courage-the-courage-to-call-out-the-authoritarianism-of-the-regime-and-the-inequities-of-cast/cid/2033160 |access-date=14 July 2024 |work=The Telegraph India}}</ref> Subramanian wrote that ''Indian Philosophy, Indian Revolution'' calls out the construction of Hindu religion in the 20th century by the upper castes of India as a ploy to hide lower caste majority and suppress their desire to come to power. Through the category of Hindu religion “upper caste supremacism that was able to effectively control and dominate subaltern society”. She added that “caste lines permeated all religions in the subcontinent”.
 
The theoretical framework of the book goes beyond the Indian context as [[Slavoj Žižek]] said that it is a “required reading for anyone who wants to understand the precipice toward which our entire world is heading ... a book for everyone who seriously wants to think”.<ref>{{Cite web |title=An Anthology of Anti-Caste Essays and the Question of Who Gets to Kill Whom |url=https://thewire.in/books/an-anthology-of-anti-caste-essays-and-the-question-of-who-gets-to-kill-whom |access-date=2024-05-09 |website=thewire.in}}</ref> [[Robert Bernasconi]] said that the world should “listen and learn” from it since “Not since the days of [[Jean-Paul Sartre|Sartre]] has philosophy addressed political issues with the directness and clarity that Dwivedi and Mohan”.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Philosophy, Indian Revolution {{!}} Hurst Publishers |url=https://www.hurstpublishers.com/book/indian-philosophy-indian-revolution/ |access-date=2024-05-09 |website=HURST |language=en-GB}}</ref>
 
The revolutionary core of the book was noted in a review in The Wire as “committed to the revolutionary anti-caste project” and that its goal is to lead the lower caste majority to political power in all areas of life.<ref name=":1" /> [[Mathrubhumi]] stated that it was a book of revolutionary theory and is a “call for an unambiguous rise to power in all areas of political and social life from the Dalit-Bahujan majority through an understanding of a revolutionary theory”.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2024-06-08 |title=Dissecting the politics of caste {{!}} Book review |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/amp/features/books/book-review-of-indian-philosophy-indian-revolution-on-caste-and-politics-1.9621316 |access-date=2024-06-27 |website=English.Mathrubhumi}}</ref> The review by Aarushi Punia in Maktoob Media credited the book with producing the concepts and theoretical tools to diagnose caste oppression, to form a majority and it is “imagining a way in which lower castes, who affirmatively form over 90% of the population, can seize power”.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Punia |first=Aarushi |date=2024-04-25 |title=Polynomial Politics: Imagining India as a Country Led by Lower Castes |url=https://maktoobmedia.com/more/bookshelf/polynomial-politics-imagining-india-as-a-country-led-by-lower-castes/ |access-date=2024-05-09 |website=Maktoob media |language=en-US}}</ref> The theory of history in the book was described by The Wire as a new model for [[historiography]] without recourse to “ancestral models” such as would be the “Aryan doctrine”. Jérôme Lèbre wrote in a long form essay for the French journal AOC Media that the book's concepts and arguments are related to the other works of the authors. It shows the development of concepts and political strategies for theoretically discussing caste oppression side by side.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lèbre |first=Jérôme |date=2024-05-09 |title=En finir avec l'hindouisme, révolutionner l'Inde : la philosophie de Divya Dwivedi et Shaj Mohan - AOC media |url=https://aoc.media/analyse/2024/05/09/en-finir-avec-lhindouisme-revolutionner-linde-la-philosophie-de-divya-dwivedi-et-shaj-mohan/ |access-date=2024-05-09 |website=AOC media - Analyse Opinion Critique |language=fr-FR}}</ref>
 
== Public commentary==
In addition to her authored and edited books, Dwivedi has written and co-written essays and articles, as well as spoken publicly about her scholarship.
 
In 2019, Dwivedi participated in a debate on [[NDTV]] about [[Mahatma Gandhi]] and politics;<ref name="Raveendran 2022"/> discussing caste, she described how — in her opinion — in the early 20th century, upper-caste Hindu leaders invented an all-encompassing Hinduism to obfuscate the numerical preponderance of lower caste people in India and construct a false majority.<ref name="Ballas 2023">{{Cite web |last=Ballas |first=Anthony |date=2023-10-05 |title=Philosopher Divya Dwivedi Among Latest Targets of India's Right Wing |url=https://proteanmag.com/2023/10/05/philosopher-divya-dwivedi-among-latest-targets-of-indias-right-wing/ |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=Protean Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Sharma 2019">{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Kritika |date=7 October 2019 |title=IIT-Delhi faculty calls Hindu religion a 20th century invention, triggers controversy |work=[[ThePrint]] |url=https://theprint.in/india/iit-delhi-faculty-hindu-religion-20th-century-invention-controversy/302088/ |access-date=18 November 2023}}</ref> A clip of the video circulated widely, and Dwivedi received threats from the Hindu right.<ref name="Ballas 2023" /> Krithika Varagur, writing for the ''[[Los Angeles Review of Books]]'', noted her ideas to be inimical to the essence of Hindu nationalism which posited Hinduism as an eternal and perfect religion, beyond the constraints of history.<ref name="Varagur 2020" />
 
In January 2021, Dwivedi co-authored an essay titled "''The Hindu Hoax: How upper castes invented a Hindu majority''" with Shaj Mohan and academician J Reghu in ''[[The Caravan]]''.<ref name="Raveendran 2022" /> Dwivedi and her co-authors were subject to fresh threats and harassment on social media; [[Jean-Luc Nancy]] wrote a defense of the authors and their article in the ''[[Libération]],''<ref name="Raveendran 2022" /> and numerous academics signed a public statement of support for the authors.<ref name="Ballas 2023" /> Rajesh Selvaraj, a professor of Tamil literature, published a translated version of the essay as a book.<ref name="Selvaraj 2023">{{cite news |last1=Selvaraj |first1=Rajesh |title=Who Can Quarrel with the Feast of Truth: On Divya Dwivedi |url=https://en.themooknayak.com/discussion-interview/who-can-quarrel-with-the-feast-of-truth-on-divya-dwivedi |access-date=18 November 2023 |work=[[The Mooknayak]] |date=23 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
 
Since then, Dwivedi has been consistently targeted by the Hindu Right for her interviews.<ref name="Mediapart 2022" /><ref name="Ballas 2023" /> Other academics and writers have expressed their routine solidarities.<ref name="Ballas 2023" /><ref name="Mathrubhumi 20232">{{cite news |date=13 September 2023 |title=Death threats over remarks on Hinduism: Kerala writers stand in solidarity with Divya Dwivedi |language=en |work=[[Mathrubhumi|English.Mathrubhumi]] |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/india/writers-stand-in-solidarity-with-divya-dwivedi-1.8900370 |access-date=20 September 2023}}</ref>
 
== Selected works ==
=== Books ===
* ''Indian Philosophy,'' ''Indian Revolution: On Caste and Politics'', Dwivedi, Divya; Mohan, Shaj; edited and annotated by Montévil, Maël, [[C. Hurst & Co.|Hurst Publishers]], UK, 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=An Anthology of Anti-Caste Essays and the Question of Who Gets to Kill Whom |url=https://thewire.in/books/an-anthology-of-anti-caste-essays-and-the-question-of-who-gets-to-kill-whom |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=thewire.in |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last1=Dwivedi |first1=Divya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CaMo0AEACAAJ |title=Indian Philosophy, Indian Revolution: On Caste and Politics |last2=Mohan |first2=Shaj |date=2024-02-29 |publisher=C. Hurst (Publishers) Limited |isbn=978-1-911723-23-3 |language=en}}</ref>
* {{cite book |last1=Mohan |first1=Shaj |last2=Dwivedi |first2=Divya |title=[[Gandhi and Philosophy: On Theological Anti-politics]] |date=2018 |publisher=[[Bloomsbury Academic]] |location= |isbn=9781474221733}}
* {{cite book |title=The Public Sphere From Outside the West |date=2015 |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |isbn=9781472571922 |editor1-last=Dwivedi |editor1-first=Divya |language=en |editor2-last=V |editor2-first=Sanil}}
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Dwivedi |editor1-first=Divya |title=Narratology and ideology: negotiating context, form, and theory in postcolonial narratives |editor2-last=Skov Nielsen |editor2-first=Henrik |editor3-last=Walsh |editor3-first=Richard |date=2018 |publisher=Ohio State University Press |isbn=9780814213698 |location=Columbus}}<ref>{{cite journal |date=June 22, 2018 |title=Weekly Book List |journal=[[Chronicle of Higher Education]] |volume=64 |issue=36 |via=Academic Search Complete}}</ref>
* {{cite book |title=Virality of Evil: Philosophy in the Time of a Pandemic |date=2022 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers |isbn=9781538164709 |editor1-last=Dwivedi |editor1-first=Divya |language=en-us}}
=== Articles, essays, and interviews ===
* {{cite journal |last1=Dwivedi |first1=Divya |last2=Mohan |first2=Shaj |title=Critical Nation |journal=[[Economic and Political Weekly]] |date=1 December 2007 |volume=42 |issue=48 |url=https://www.epw.in/journal/2007/48/special-articles/critical-nation.html |language=en}}<ref name="Raveendran 2022"/><ref>{{cite news |last1=Reghu |first1=J. |title=Book Review: Gandhi as Chrysalis for a New Philosophy |url=https://thewire.in/books/gandhi-and-philosophy-book-review |access-date=25 November 2023 |work=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]] |date=14 April 2019}}</ref>
*{{cite news |last1=Dwivedi |first1=Divya |last2=Mohan |first2=Shaj |title=The Hoax of the Cave |url=https://thewire.in/politics/narendra-modi-cave-meditation |work=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]] |date=21 May 2019}}<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Apter |first1=Emily |title=Alphabetic Memes: Caricature, Satire, and Political Literacy in the Age of Trump |journal=[[October (journal)|October]] |date=October 2019 |volume=170 |pages=5–24 |doi=10.1162/octo_a_00366 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Janardhanan 2021">{{cite journal |last1=Janardhanan |first1=Reghu |title=The Deconstructive Materialism of Dwivedi and Mohan: A New Philosophy of Freedom |journal=Episteme |date=February 2021 |issue=4 |url=https://positionspolitics.org/the-deconstructive-materialism-of-dwivedi-and-mohan-a-new-philosophy-of-freedom/}}</ref>
* {{cite news |last1=Dwivedi |first1=Divya |last2=Mohan |first2=Shaj |title=Courage to begin |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/express-sunday-eye/gandhi-jayanti-anniversary-150-a-new-afterlife-6034217/ |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=29 September 2019 |language=en}}<ref name="Raveendran 2022"/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Todaro |first1=Benedetta |title=Neither "Matter" nor "Mutter": On Dwivedi and Mohan's "Gandhi and Philosophy" |journal=Episteme |date=February 2021 |issue=4 |url=https://positionspolitics.org/neither-matter-nor-mutter-on-dwivedi-and-mohans-gandhi-and-philosophy/ |access-date=25 November 2023}}</ref>
* {{cite news |last1=Baradaran |first1=Kamran |last2=Dwivedi |first2=Divya |title=The proletariat are all those who are denied the collective faculty of imagination; Divya Dwivedi tells ILNA |url=https://www.ilna.ir/Section-world-8/907722-the-proletariat-are-all-those-who-are-denied-the-collective-faculty-of-imagination-divya-dwivedi-tells-ilna |work=[[Iranian Labour News Agency|ILNA]] |date=3 May 2020 |language=en}} (interview)<ref name="Janardhanan 2021"/><ref name="Ballas 2023"/>
* {{cite news |last1=Dwivedi |first1=Divya |last2=Mohan |first2=Shaj |last3=Reghu |first3=J |title=The Hindu Hoax: How upper castes invented a Hindu majority |url=https://caravanmagazine.in/religion/how-upper-castes-invented-hindu-majority |work=[[The Caravan]] |date=31 December 2020 |language=en}}<ref name="Selvaraj 2023"/><ref name="Ballas 2023"/><ref name="Raveendran 2022"/>
* {{cite journal |last1=Mohan |first1=Shaj |last2=Dwivedi |first2=Divya |title=The Endogenous Ends of Education (for Aaron Swartz)|journal=European Journal of Psychoanalysis |date=28 February 2021 |url=https://www.journal-psychoanalysis.eu/articles/the-endogenous-ends-of-education-for-aaron-swartz-2/ |language=en |issn=2284-1059}}<ref name="Ballas 2023"/>
* {{cite book |author1=Divya Dwivedi |title=Coronavirus, Psychoanalysis, and Philosophy |date=2021 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=9780367713669 |editor1-last=Castrillón |editor1-first=Fernando |chapter=A Flight Indestinate |editor2-last=Marchevsky |editor2-first=Thomas}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chambers |first1=Claire |title=Unreliable Witnesses? |url=https://3quarksdaily.com/3quarksdaily/2021/12/unreliable-witnesses.html |access-date=19 November 2023 |work=[[3 Quarks Daily]] |date=27 December 2021}}</ref>
* {{cite speech|title="A Mystery of Mysteries!–"|first=Dwivedi |last=Divya|event=On the Centennial of Freud's “Massenpsychologie und Ich-analyse”, Jan 2021 - Dec 2021 |journal=European Journal of Psychoanalysis|date=April 23, 2021 |url=https://www.journal-psychoanalysis.eu/articles/a-mystery-of-mysteries-d-dwivedi/ |access-date=December 8, 2023}}<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Nancy |first1=Jean-Luc |last2=Dwivedi |first2=Divya |last3=Benvenuto |first3=Sergio |author1-link=Jean-Luc Nancy |author3-link=Sergio Benvenuto |title=On Freud's Group Psychology: A Debate |journal=European Journal of Psychoanalysis |date=30 April 2021 |url=https://www.journal-psychoanalysis.eu/articles/on-freuds-group-psychology-a-debate-j-l-nancy-d-dwivedi-s-benvenuto/ |access-date=9 December 2023 |series=On the Centennial of Freud's "Massenpsychologie und Ich-analyse", Jan 2021 - Dec 2021}}</ref>
* {{cite news |last1=Bose |first1=Abhish K |last2=Dwivedi |first2=Divya |title=A French-style revolution alone can help India recover from its current caste stasis, says Prof Dwivedi |url=https://asianlite.com/2022/top-news/a-french-style-revolution-can-only-help-india-recover-from-its-current-caste-stasis-says-prof-dwivedi/ |access-date=19 November 2023 |work=Asian Lite International |date=18 October 2022}} (interview)<ref name="Ballas 2023"/>
* {{cite journal |last1=Dwivedi |first1=Divya |title=The Evasive Racism of Caste - and the Homological Power of the "Aryan" Doctrine |journal=[[Critical Philosophy of Race]] |date=27 January 2023 |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=209–245 |doi=10.5325/critphilrace.11.1.0209|s2cid=257998703 }}<ref name="Selvaraj 2023"/>
 
== See also ==
* [[History of India (1947–present)]]
* [[Hinduism]]
* [[Hindu nationalism]]
* [[List of women philosophers]]
* [[Women in philosophy]]
 
== References ==
{{reflist}}
 
== Further reading ==
* [[Jean-Luc Nancy]], "[https://www.liberation.fr/idees-et-debats/tribunes/la-religieuse-manipulation-du-pouvoir-20210307_LYR4ECBNONBPLLDV4GZOZNZFYI/ La religieuse manipulation du pouvoir]", in [[Libération]]
* Rex Butler, "[https://www.philosophy-world-democracy.org/other-beginning/an-other-beginning-a-new-thinking-of-the-end An Other Beginning: A New Thinking of the End]", ''Philosophy World Democracy''.
*D. J. Smith "[http://positionspolitics.org/gandhi-and-philosophy-hypophysics-and-the-comparison-between-caste-and-race/ Gandhi and Philosophy:Hypophysics and the Comparison between Caste and Race]", ''episteme'', issue 4.
* R. Janardhanan, "[https://www.philosophy-world-democracy.org/other-beginning/deconstructive-materialism Deconstructive Materialism: Einsteinian Revolution in Philosophy]", ‘’Philosophy World Democracy’’
 
== External links ==
*[https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/author/divya--dwivedi/ Divya Dwivedi] Author page at [[Bloomsbury Publishing]]
*[http://positionspolitics.org/episteme-4/ episteme issue 4: philosophy for another time; towards a collective political imagination] Special issue on the philosophical work of Divya Dwivedi and Shaj Mohan
 
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[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women philosophers]]
[[Category:Lady Shri Ram College alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of IIT Delhi]]
[[Category:St. Stephen's College, Delhi alumni]]
[[Category:IIT Delhi alumni]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian philosophers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women educators]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian educators]]