Doric Hexapolis: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Federation of six cities of Dorian foundation}}
{{more citations needed|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox country
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|image_map2_alt = Location of the Doric Hexapolis in Anatolia
|image_map2_caption = Location of the Doric Hexapolis in Anatolia
|capital = [[Halicarnassus]] (largest city)<br />(modern-day [[Bodrum]], [[Muğla Province|Muğla]], [[Turkey]])
|era = Ancient Greece
|status = <!-- Status: see Category list on template page -->
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|event_start = <!-- Default: "Established" -->
|date_start = <!-- Optional: Date of establishment, in format 1 January (no year) -->
|year_start = c. {{Circa|1100 BC}}
|event_end = <!-- Default: "Disestablished" -->
|date_end = <!-- Optional: Date of disestablishment, in format 1 January (no year) -->
|year_end = c. {{Circa|560 BC}}
}}
[[File:mausoleumHALICARNASSUSThe ruins of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus.JPGjpg|right|thumb|The ruins of the [[Mausoleum at Halicarnassus]], one of the [[Seven Wonders of the Ancient World]]]]
The '''Doric''' or '''Dorian Hexapolis''' ({{lang-grc-gre|Δωρικὴ Ἑξάπολις or Δωριέων Ἑξάπολις}}) was a [[federation]] of six cities of [[Dorians|Dorian]] [[Colonies in antiquity#Greek colonies|foundation]] in southwest [[Asia Minor]] and adjacent islands, largely coextensive with the region known as '''Doris''' or '''Doris in Asia''' ({{lang|grc|Δωρίς ἡ ἐν Ἀσίᾳ}}),{{citation needed|date=October 2015}} and included:
 
*[[Cos (city)|Cos]], on the island of [[Cos (island)|Cos]];
*[[Cnidus]] in [[Caria]];
*[[Halicarnassus]] in Caria;
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[[Pliny the Elder|Pliny]] (v. 28) says, ''Caria mediae Doridi circumfunditur ad mare utroque latere ambiens'', by which he means that Doris is surrounded by [[Caria]] on all sides, except where it is bordered by the sea. He makes Doris begin at [[Cnidus]]. In the bay of Doris he places [[Leucopolis]], [[Hamaxitus (Caria)|Hamaxitus]], ''etc.'' An attempt has been made among scholars to ascertain which of two bays Pliny calls ''Doridis Sinus'', the more probable being the [[Ceramic Gulf]]. This Doris of Pliny is the country occupied by the Dorians, which [[Thucydides]] (ii. 9) indicates, not by the name of the country, but of the people: Dorians, neighbours of the Carians. [[Ptolemy]] (v. 2) makes Doris a division of his [[Asia]], and places in it [[Halicarnassus]], [[Ceramus]], and [[Cnidus]]. The term Doris, applied to a part of Asia, does not appear to occur in other writers.
 
In the ''[[Digest (Roman law)|Digesta seu Pandectae]]'' (533), the second volume of the [[Corpus Juris Civilis|codification of laws ordered]] by [[Justinian I]] (527–565) of the [[Byzantine Empire|Eastern Roman Empire]], a [[legal opinion]] written by the [[Roman law|Roman jurist]] [[Julius Paulus|Paulus]] at the beginning of the [[Crisis of the Third Century]] in 235 AD was included about the ''[[List of Roman laws|Lex Rhodia]]'' ("Rhodian law") that articulates the [[General average|general average principle]] of marine insurance established on the island of [[Rhodes]] in approximately 1000 to 800 BC as a member of the Doric Hexapolis, plausibly by the [[Phoenicia|Phoenicians]] during the proposed [[Dorian invasion]] and emergence of the purported [[Sea Peoples]] during the [[Greek Dark Ages]] ({{Circa|1100|750}}) that led to the proliferation of the [[Doric Greek]] [[Ancient Greek dialects|dialect]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The Civil Law, Volume I, The Opinions of Julius Paulus, Book II|year=1932|translator-first=S.P.|translator-last=Scott|publisher=Central Trust Company|website=[[Constitution Society|Constitution.org]]|url=https://constitution.org/2-Authors/sps/sps01_4-2.htm|quote=TITLE VII. ON THE LEX RHODIA. It is provided by the ''Lex Rhodia'' that if merchandise is thrown overboard for the purpose of lightening a ship, the loss is made good by the assessment of all which is made for the benefit of all.|access-date=June 16, 2021}}</ref><ref name="Prudential pp. 5–6">{{cite book|year=1915|title=The Documentary History of Insurance, 1000 B.C.–1875 A.D.|publisher=[[Prudential Financial|Prudential Press]]|place=[[Newark, New Jersey|Newark, NJ]]|pages=[https://archive.org/details/cu31924030231736/page/n7/mode/2up 5–6]|url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924030231736/mode/2up|access-date=June 15, 2021}}</ref><ref name="Duhaime">{{cite web |url=http://www.duhaime.org/LawMuseum/LawArticle-383/Lex-Rhodia-The-Ancient-Ancestor-of-Maritime-Law-800--BC.aspx |title=Duhaime's Timetable of World Legal History |work=Duhaime's Law Dictionary |access-date=April 9, 2016 |archive-date=June 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624195657/http://www.duhaime.org/LawMuseum/LawArticle-383/Lex-Rhodia-The-Ancient-Ancestor-of-Maritime-Law-800--BC.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> The law of general average constitutes the fundamental [[principle]] that underlies all [[insurance]].<ref name="Prudential pp. 5–6" />
 
==References==
*{{SmithDGRGreflist}}
*{{SmithDGRG|title=Doris}}
 
{{coord|37|28|dim:200km|display=title}}
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{{Ancient Greece topics}}
 
[[Category:Doric Hexapolis| ]]
[[Category:States and territories established in the 12th century BC]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in the 6th century BC]]
[[Category:Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Turkey]]
[[Category:Historical regions of Anatolia]]
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[[Category:Ancient Greeks in Caria]]
[[Category:Greek Anatolia]]
[[Category:Doric Hexapolis| ]]
[[Category:Greek city-state federations]]