Draft:Nasser Bin Ghaith Al Marri: Difference between revisions

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bin Ghaith is an academic with a PhD in economics, with certifications in law, economics, and international relations. He received his Bachelor's Degree in Law from Dubai Police Academy, his Master's in Commercial Law from the [[Case Western Reserve University|Western Reserve University]] in Cleveland, and his PhD in economic groupings from the [[University of Essex]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2019-04-19 |title=Nasser bin Ghaith, United Arab Emirates |url=https://www.scholarsatrisk.org/actions/nasser-bin-ghaith-united-arab-emirates/ |access-date=2024-09-13 |website=Scholars at Risk |language=en-US}}</ref> At the time of his arrest, he was a lecturer at Paris-based university [[Sorbonne University]], Abu Dhabi Campus.<ref name=":1" /> Notably, he was the first Arab lecturer to be employed at the institution.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-27 |title=Nasser Bin Ghaith |url=https://sanidpocuae.com/en/nasser-bin-ghaith/ |access-date=2024-09-13 |website=ساند معتقلي الإمارات |language=en-GB}}</ref>
 
== Human Rightsrights Contextcontext in the United Arab Emirates ==
''Main Article: [[Human rights in the United Arab Emirates]]''
 
The UAE’sUAE's human rights and freedoms are significantly restricted relative to the rest of the world.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Human Freedom Index |url=https://www.cato.org/human-freedom-index/2022 |access-date=2024-09-13 |website=www.cato.org}}</ref> The UAE has made no official commitment to freedom of speech. It is illegal to criticise the royal family, police, or any government institution or official. These laws are in effect in person and online. Any person who posts criticism online will face the same repercussions.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-11-28 |title=UAE: Cybercrimes Decree Attacks Free Speech {{!}} Human Rights Watch |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2012/11/28/uae-cybercrimes-decree-attacks-free-speech |access-date=2024-09-13 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Penal Code |url=https://cdn.expatwoman.com/s3fs-public/UAE%20Penal%20Code.pdf |website=Emirates Of Abu-Dhabi Judicial Department}}</ref> UAE authorities have used torture, as well as [[Enforced disappearance|enforced disappearances]] of prisoners. Prisoners have also been denied contact from family, or have had severely restricted contact.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Human rights in United Arab Emirates |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/location/middle-east-and-north-africa/middle-east/united-arab-emirates/report-united-arab-emirates/ |access-date=2024-09-13 |website=Amnesty International |language=en}}</ref>
 
== UAE Five Arrestarrest and Trialtrial ==
''Main Article: [[UAE Five]]''
 
In 2011, bin Ghaith, along with four other activists, were arrested and put on trial for “publicly"publicly insulting”insulting" UAE officials, by calling for “democratic"democratic and economic reforms”reforms".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-11-25 |title=UAE: Investigate Threats against ‘UAE 5’ {{!}} Human Rights Watch |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2011/11/25/uae-investigate-threats-against-uae-5 |access-date=2024-09-13 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite news |date=2011-04-11 |title=UAE arrests democracy activists |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-13043270 |access-date=2024-09-13 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> These calls were a part of the region-wide pro-democratic movement the [[Arab Spring#:~:text=The Arab Spring (Arabic: الربيع,world in the early 2010s.|Arab Spring]]. The five were convicted, and Dr. bin Ghaith was sentenced to 2 years in prison by the State Security Court of Abu Dhabi.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2011-11-28 |title=Five jailed UAE activists 'receive presidential pardon' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-15922492 |access-date=2024-09-13 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> The arrests and convictions received international attention from media outlets such as the [[The New York Times|New York Times]], [[BBC News]], and attention from human rights advocacy organisations such as [[Amnesty International|Amnesty International.]]<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Giuffrida |first=Angela |date=2011-06-29 |title=Tensions Beneath the Stability in the U.A.E. |work=The New York Times}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=UAE: Further information: "UAE Five" pardoned by President |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde25/011/2011/en/ |access-date=2024-09-13 |website=Amnesty International |language=en}}</ref> The next day, the five received a presidential pardon from Former President Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.<ref name=":4" />
 
== Second Arrestarrest and Trialtrial ==
In 2015, bin Ghaith was arrested by UAE state security forces in plainclothes and held in an undisclosed location for nearly 8 months.<ref name=":0" /> Dr. bin Ghaith was denied communication with family and legal representation.<ref name=":0" /> Dr. bin Ghaith faced several national security-related charges, including insulting the UAE government and leadership, communicating with secret terrorist organisations, and posting what authorities classified as "false information."<ref name=":0" /> At the time, Dr. bin Ghaith maintained a popular "[[Twitter]]" (now known as "X") account, where he raised concerns about human rights.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=ADHRB |date=2016-10-19 |title=#Tried4Tweets: @N_BinGhaith – Nasser Bin Ghaith |url=https://www.adhrb.org/2016/10/tried4tweets-n_binghaith-nasser-bin-ghaith/ |access-date=2024-09-13 |website=Americans for Democracy & Human Rights in Bahrain |language=en-US}}</ref>
 
The charges stemmed from a series of tweets in which bin Ghaith criticised Egyptian authorities, particularly concerning the "[[Rabaa massacre|Rabaa Massacre]]," as well as his meetings with human rights activists.<ref name=":0" /> Despite the absence of concrete evidence, bin Ghaith was convicted of all the charges laid against him and sentenced to ten years of prison in March 2017.<ref name=":0" />
 
== UAE84 Trialtrial ==
In December 2023, UAE authorities charged at least 84 individuals in connection with the formation of the independent advocacy group, the Justice and Dignity Committee, established in 2010.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=2024-02-12 |title=United Arab Emirates: Free All Those on Trial in UAE84 Case and Drop Charges {{!}} Human Rights Watch |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2024/02/12/united-arab-emirates-free-all-those-trial-uae84-case-and-drop-charges |access-date=2024-09-13 |language=en}}</ref> Many of the defendants were already serving prison sentences for similar offences. The Emirates Detainees Advocacy Center reported that on 10 July 2024, the Abu Dhabi Federal Appeals Court issued sentences ranging from 10 years to life imprisonment to 53 defendants in the UAE’s second-largest mass trial, commonly referred to as the "UAE84" case.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=UAE84: Human rights defenders and political dissidents must be freed |url=https://en.edacrights.com/post/770 |access-date=2024-09-13 |website=Edacrights |language=en}}</ref> The accused were not charged with any new offences but were being tried again for charges linked to their previous involvement in the group, for which they had already faced prosecution.<ref name=":5" />
 
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Human rights organisations, advocacy groups, and major news outlets such as the BBC and The New York Times have reported on the UAE 84 trials, drawing significant mainstream attention.<ref>{{Cite web |title=More than 40 sentenced to life in UAE for 'terror' offences |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c51y783d9jeo |access-date=2024-09-17 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-10 |title=U.A.E. Puts 84 Civil Society Members on Trial Again, Sentencing 43 to Life |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/10/world/middleeast/uae-trial-civil-society-members.html |website=The New York Times}}</ref>
 
== NGO Activismactivism for Nasser bin Ghaith's Releaserelease ==
SAR issued a call to the UAE authorities on 26 April 2016, requesting the release of bin Ghaith or the disclosure of his whereabouts and the charges against him.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |date=2016-04-26 |title=SAR calls for letters on behalf of Dr. Nasser bin Ghaith of the UAE |url=https://www.scholarsatrisk.org/2016/04/sar-calls-for-letters-on-behalf-of-dr-nasser-bin-ghaith-of-the-uae/ |access-date=2024-09-13 |website=Scholars at Risk |language=en-US}}</ref> According to SAR, UAE state security forces arrested bin Ghaith on 18 August 2015 and detained him in an undisclosed location, where he was allegedly denied access to his family, legal representation, and medical care.<ref name=":9" />