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Line 1: {{short description\|~~Theoretical~~A proposed grouping of West Germanic ~~protolanguage~~dialects}}▼ ~~{{about\|theoretical Germanic protolanguage\|the Germanic tribes described by [[Pliny the Elder\|Pliny]] and [[Tacitus]]\|Irminones}}~~ {{Infobox language family▼ ▲{{short description\|Theoretical Germanic protolanguage}} \| name = Elbe Germanic▼ ▲{{Infobox language \| altname = Irminonic, Erminonic, Alpine Germanic<ref>Stefan Müller, ''Germanic syntax: A constraint-based view'', series: ''Textbooks in Language Sciences'' 12, Language Science Press, Berlin, 2023, p. 3</ref> ▲\| name = Elbe Germanic \| ~~altname~~ ethnicity = ~~Irminonic~~[[Irminones]] \| ~~ethnicity~~ familycolor = ~~[[Irminones]]~~Indo-European \| ~~extinct~~fam2 = ~~Developed into~~ [[~~Upper~~Germanic ~~German~~languages\|Germanic]] ~~dialects~~ \| fam3 = [[West Germanic languages\|West Germanic]]▼ ~~\| familycolor = Indo-European~~ \| ~~fam2~~ map = [[Germanic ~~languages\|Germanic]]~~dialects ca. AD 1.png \| mapcaption = ~~One proposed theory for approximate~~The distribution of the primary [[Germanic languages~~\|Germanic]] dialect groups~~ in Europe ~~around~~c. ~~1-100~~AD CE1:▼ ▲\| fam3 = [[West Germanic languages\|West Germanic]] ~~\| map = Germanic dialects ca. AD 1.png~~ ▲\| mapcaption = One proposed theory for approximate distribution of the primary [[Germanic languages\|Germanic]] dialect groups in Europe around 1-100 CE: {{legend\|Blue\|[[North Germanic languages\|North Germanic]]}} {{legend\|Red\|[[North Sea Germanic]], or (Ingvaeonic)}} {{legend\|Orange\|[[~~Weser-Rhine~~Weser–Rhine Germanic]], (or Istvaeonic)}} {{legend\|Yellow\|'''Elbe Germanic''', or (Irminonic)}} {{legend\|Green\|[[East Germanic languages\|East Germanic]] †}} \| child1 = [[High German]] \| protoname = Proto-Elbe Germanic \| region = [[German-speaking Europe]], [[United States]], [[Canada]], [[Brazil]], [[Argentina]], [[Paraguay]], [[Colonia Tovar]] }} '''[[Elbe]] Germanic''', also called '''Irminonic''' or '''Erminonic''',<ref name="Fulk2018">{{cite book\|author=R.D. Fulk\|title=A Comparative Grammar of the Early Germanic Languages\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GO1oDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA17\|date=15 September 2018\|publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company\|isbn=978-90-272-6313-1\|pages=17f}}</ref> is a term introduced by the German linguist [[Friedrich Maurer (linguist)\|Friedrich Maurer]] (1898–1984) in his book, ''Nordgermanen und Alemanen'', to describe the unattested [[proto-language]], or dialectal grouping, ancestral to the later [[~~Alemannic~~Lombardic ~~German~~language\|~~Alemannic~~Lombardic]], [[~~Lombardic~~Alemannic ~~language~~German\|~~Lombardic~~Alemannic]], [[~~Thuringian~~Bavarian ~~dialect~~language\|~~Thuringian~~Bavarian]] and [[~~Bavarian~~Thuringian ~~language~~dialect\|~~Bavarian~~Thuringian]] dialects.{{Citation needed\|date=September 2024\|reason=Thuringian is not mentioned in the graph or the cited book}} During [[~~Late~~late antiquity]] and the [[Middle Ages]], its supposed descendants had a profound influence on the neighboring [[West Central German]] dialects and, later, in the form of [[Standard German]], on the [[German language]] as a whole.<ref>[[Friedrich Maurer (linguist)\|Friedrich Maurer]] (1942) ''Nordgermanen und Alemannen: Studien zur germanische und frühdeutschen Sprachgeschichte, Stammes- und Volkskunde'', Strasbourg: Hünenburg.</ref>▼ ▲'''[[Elbe]] Germanic''', also called '''Irminonic''', is a term introduced by the German linguist [[Friedrich Maurer (linguist)\|Friedrich Maurer]] (1898–1984) in his book, ''Nordgermanen und Alemanen'', to describe the unattested [[proto-language]], or dialectal grouping, ancestral to the later [[Alemannic German\|Alemannic]], [[Lombardic language\|Lombardic]], [[Thuringian dialect\|Thuringian]] and [[Bavarian language\|Bavarian]] dialects. During [[Late antiquity]] and the [[Middle Ages]], its supposed descendants had a profound influence on the neighboring [[West Central German]] dialects and, later, in the form of [[Standard German]], on the [[German language]] as a whole.<ref>[[Friedrich Maurer (linguist)\|Friedrich Maurer]] (1942) ''Nordgermanen und Alemannen: Studien zur germanische und frühdeutschen Sprachgeschichte, Stammes- und Volkskunde'', Strasbourg: Hünenburg.</ref> == Nomenclature == The term ''Irminonic'' is derived from the '''[[Irminones]]''', a culturo-linguistic grouping of Germanic tribes that was mentioned by [[Tacitus]] in his ''[[Germania (book)\|Germania]]''.<ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0083:chapter=2&highlight=suevi Tac. Ger. 2]</ref~~><nowiki~~> ~~</nowiki>~~[[Pliny the Elder]] further specified its meaning by claiming that the Irminones lived "in the interior", meaning not close to the [[Rhine]] or [[North Sea]].<ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0137:book=4:chapter=28&highlight= Plin. Nat. 4.28]</ref> Maurer used Pliny to refer to the dialects spoken by the [[Suevi]], [[Bavarii]], [[Alemanni]] and [[Lombards]] around the [[Hercynian Forest]] and the [[North European Plain\|Northeastern German plain]].<ref>Friedrich Maurer (1942) Nordgermanen und Alemannen: Studien zur germanische und frühdeutschen Sprachgeschichte, Stammes- und Volkskunde, Strasbourg: Hünenburg.</ref> == Theory == [[Image:Einteilung der Germanen nach Maurer.de.svg\|thumb\|Maurer's classification of Germanic dialects]]▼ {{Main\|Friedrich Maurer (linguist)}} ~~Mauer~~Maurer asserted that the cladistic [[tree model]], which was used ubiquitously in linguistics in the 19th and the early 20th centuries, was too inaccurate to describe the relation between the modern Germanic languages, especially those belonging to its Western branch. Rather than depicting [[Old English]], [[Old Dutch]], [[Old Saxon]], [[Old Frisian]] and [[Old High German]] to have simply 'branched off' a single common 'Proto-West Germanic', which many previous linguists equated to "Old German / Urdeutsch", he assumed that there had been much more distance between certain dialectal groupings and proto-languages.<ref>Johannes Hoops, Heinrich Beck, Dieter Geuenich, [[Heiko Steuer]]: Reallexikon der germanischen Altertumskunde: Band 7; Walter de Gruyter, 1989, {{ISBN\|9783110114454}} (pp 113–114).</ref> ▲[[Image:Einteilung der Germanen nach Maurer.de.svg\|thumb\|center\|500px\|Maurer's classification of Germanic dialects]] ~~== Daughter languages ==~~ Elbe Germanic is considered to be the predecessor of [[German language\|German]] and all of the High German dialects, [[Alemannic German\|Alemannic]], [[Bavarian language\|Bavarian]], [[Central German]], and [[Langobardic]].<ref name="Fulk2018">{{cite book\|author=R.D. Fulk\|title=A Comparative Grammar of the Early Germanic Languages\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GO1oDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA17\|date=15 September 2018\|publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company\|isbn=978-90-272-6313-1\|pages=17–}}</ref> ==See also== ~~{{Portal\|Ancient Germanic culture}}~~ [[North Sea Germanic]] [[~~Rhine-Weser~~Weser–Rhine Germanic]] == References == Line 40 ⟶ 36: == Bibliography == * Grimm, Jacob (1835). ''Deutsche Mythologie'' (German Mythology); From English released version ''Grimm's Teutonic Mythology'' (1888); Available online by Northvegr © 2004–2007:[http://www.northvegr.org/secondary%20sources/mythology/grimms%20teutonic%20mythology/01501.html Chapter 15, page 2] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150922065435/http://www.northvegr.org/secondary%20sources/mythology/grimms%20teutonic%20mythology/01501.html \|date=2015-09-22 }}-; [http://www.northvegr.org/secondary%20sources/mythology/grimms%20teutonic%20mythology/01503.html 3] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119205644/http://www.northvegr.org/secondary%20sources/mythology/grimms%20teutonic%20mythology/01503.html \|date=2015-11-19 }}. File retrieved 11-18-2015. * Tacitus, ''[[wikisource:Germania\|Germania]]'' (1st century AD). (in Latin) * [[Friedrich Maurer (linguist)\|Friedrich Maurer]] (1942) ''Nordgermanen und Alemannen: Studien zur germanische und frühdeutschen Sprachgeschichte, Stammes- und Volkskunde'', Strasbourg: Hünenburg.